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Risk of Addiction to Cannabis

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Risk of Addiction to Cannabis 2016 NATIONAL DRUG USE PREVALENCE SURVEY MAY 2017 AUTHORS: Novie Younger-Coleman, Chisa Cumberbatch, Jovani Campbell, Chevonne Ebanks, Danielle Williams, Vanessa O’Meally All rights reserved. No part of this report may be replicated or communicated in any manner without acknowledgment of the National Council on Drug Abuse, Jamaica, and the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) and without appropriate citation of the authors. Citation information is as follows: Younger-Coleman N., Cumberbatch C., Campbell J., Ebanks C., Williams D., O’Meally V. (2017) Jamaica National Drug Use Prevalence Survey 2016 - TECHNICAL REPORT For the OAS/CICAD & NCDA. Kingston, Jamaica CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................xviii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. xix Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... xx 1. Background ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 NCDA Sample - Overview ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Study Design and Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Sample Size Justification ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 Sampling Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Study Coordination ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.6 Recruitment and Training of Field Team ................................................................................................. 5 2.6.1 Field Training ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.6.2 Project Team (See Appendix 3) .............................................................................................. 5 2.7 Field Protocol......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.8 Recruitment of Participants .................................................................................................................. 6 2.9 Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.10 Measurements ...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.10.1 Questionnaire Data ............................................................................................................... 6 2.10.2 Socio-Demographic Variables ............................................................................................... 7 2.10.3 Risk Levels, Risk Perception and Attitude Variables ............................................................... 7 2.11 Data Quality.......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.12 Data management and analysis ............................................................................................................ 8 3. Socio-demographic characteristics of Sample and Study population ............................................................. 10 3.1 Description of Distribution by age, sex and area of residence ............................................................... 10 3.2 Sex- and Area-Specific Distributions of Socio-Demographic Characteristics ......................................... 12 3.3 Summary of Findings and Conclusions ................................................................................................. 17 4. Alcohol Use ................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Age and Sex Differences in Alcohol Use ............................................................................................... 18 4.2 Age of Initiation of Alcohol Use ........................................................................................................... 20 4.3 Expenditure on Alcohol ...................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Lifetime Use of Alcohol ...................................................................................................................... 24 4.5 Current Use of Alcohol ....................................................................................................................... 27 4.6 Harmful Alcohol Use ........................................................................................................................... 31 4.7 Risk Levels for Alcohol Use based on AUDIT Scores ............................................................................. 33 4.8 Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol ............................................................................................... 39 4.9 Summary of Findings and Conclusions ................................................................................................ 39 5. Cannabis Use ................................................................................................................................................ 41 5.1 Age and Sex differences in cannabis use ............................................................................................... 41 5.2 Age of Initiation of Cannabis Use .......................................................................................................... 43 5.3 Expenditure on Cannabis ...................................................................................................................... 46 5.4 Current Use of Cannabis ....................................................................................................................... 46 5.5 Forms of Cannabis Use ......................................................................................................................... 50 5.6 Variation in Cannabis use by Parish and Region .................................................................................... 51 5.7 Sex Differences in Risk of Addiction to Cannabis ................................................................................. 52 5.8 Summary of Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................................. 53 6. Tobacco Smoking ......................................................................................................................................... 54 6.1 Age and Sex Differences in Tobacco Use ............................................................................................... 54 6.2 Age of Initiation of Tobacco Use ........................................................................................................... 57 6.3 Expenditure on Tobacco ....................................................................................................................... 59 6.4 Current Tobacco Use ............................................................................................................................ 61 6.5 Parish and Region Level Variation in Tobacco Use ................................................................................. 65 6.6 Summary of Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................................. 65 7. Use of Other Substances ............................................................................................................................... 66 7.1 Lifetime Use of Substances ................................................................................................................... 66 7.2 Access to Drugs .................................................................................................................................... 66 7.2.1 Gender Differences ............................................................................................................. 66 7.2.2 Age Group Differences ........................................................................................................ 68 7.3 Driving under the Influence of Illegal drugs ........................................................................................... 70 7.4 Treatment for Drug or Alcohol Use ....................................................................................................... 61 7.5 Summary of Findings and Conclusions .................................................................................................. 73 8. Perception of Risk Associated With Substance Use – Age and Gender Differences .......................................
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