XXVXXII 201720192016 RFR-XXII jauns M.indd 1 13.10.2017 20:58:36 UDK 2+17 (066) (08) Re 515 Izdevums ir sagatavots Latvijas Universitātes Akadēmiskās attīstības projektā. Izdevums rekomendēts publicēšanai ar LU Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūta Zinātniskās padomes 2019. gada 10. janvāra sēdes lēmumu. Galvenā redaktore: Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova Redaktore: Laine Kristberga Literārā redaktore: Arta Jāne Maketētāja: Margarita Stoka Vāka dizaina autori: Kārlis Koņkovs, Matīss Kūlis Izdevumā izmantoti fotoattēli no Roberta Parkina personiskā arhīva. Vākam izmantots foto no Nadeždas Pazuhinas personiskā arhīva. Zinātniskās redakcijas kolēģija Latvijas Universitāte: Dr. phil. Ella Buceniece; Dr. phil. Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova; Dr. habil. phil. akadēmiķe, profesore Maija Kūle; Dr. hist. eccl. docents Andris Priede; Dr. habil. phil. Māra Rubene; Dr. hist. Inese Runce; Dr. phil. akadēmiķis, profesors Igors Šuvajevs Ārzemju locekļi: Ekaterina Anastasova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with the Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria; Eileen Barker, Ph. D., OBE, FBA, Professor of Sociology with Special Reference to Study of Religion, The London School of Economics and Political Science, U.K.; Gloria Durka, Ph.D., Professor, Director, PhD. Program in Religious Education, Graduate School of Religion and Religious Education, Fordham University, U.S.A; Massimo Introvigne, Ph. D., Director of The Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), Torino, Italia; Tõnu Lehtsaar, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology of Religion, Faculty of Theology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Massimo Leone, Ph.D., Dr. hist. art, Research Professor of Semiotics and Cultural Semiotics at the Department of Philosophy, University of Torino, Italy; Sebastian Rimestad, Ph.D., University of Erfurt, Germany; Dalia Maria Stančienė, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Philosophy and Culture Studies, Klaipeda University, Lithuania Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti ir anonīmi recenzēts periodisks izdevums ar starptautisku zinātniskās redakcijas kolēģiju. Tā mērķis ir padziļināt lasītāju zināšanas par reliģiski filozofisko ideju vēsturi, attīstību mūsdienās un to vietu Latvijas un Eiropas kultūrā. Iznāk vismaz vienu reizi gadā latviešu un angļu valodā. Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti pieejami arī Centrālās un Austrumeiropas Interneta bibliotēkā (Central and Eastern European Online Library, CEEOL), EBSCO un SCOPUS datubāzē. Religious-Philosophical Articles is a double-blind peer-reviewed periodical with the international editorial board. It publishes articles aimed at deepening readers’ knowledge and understanding on the history of religious-philosophical ideas, their development in nowadays and their place in the Latvian and European culture. It is published at least once a year in Latvian and English. Editions of Religious-Philosophical Articles are available in Central and Eastern European Online Library, CEEOL, as well as in EBSCO and SCOPUS databases. © Latvijas Universitātes Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūts, 2019 ISSN 1407-1908 CONTENTS Solveiga Krumina-Konkova, Inese Runce Socio-Political and Religious Ideas and Movements in the 20th – 21st Centuries.....................................5 Sociāli politiskās un reliģiskās idejas un kustības 20. un 21. gadsimtā ...................................................8 Dalia Marija Stančienė Inter-Confessional Dialogue in Post-Secular Society ...............10 Boris Filippov Leaving Socialism Behind: How Churches in the Post-Soviet Territories Adapted to a New Life in Russia and Poland ............25 Michał Gierycz On the ‘New Paradigm of Catholicism’ and its Impact on the Political Theory and Socio-Political Engagement of the Catholic Church ......................................46 Robert Parkin How Świebodzin Got Its Statue of Jesus: Reflections on Sacred Spaces and Religious Tourism ................................76 Rasa Račiūnaitė-Paužuolienė Reciprocity Between Religious Movements of Lithuanian Diaspora and Religious Institutions in the Post-Secular English Society ...........................................106 Anna Alieva The Religiosity of an Inter-Parish Christian Orthodox Brotherhood in Contemporary Russia and Methods of Studying It.............................................124 Margarita Shilkina Non-Parish Orthodox Brotherhoods within the Russian Orthodox Church as a Path for Freeing People from the Communist Ideology....................................140 Evgenia Tokareva Catholics in Russia Facing the New Authorities: 1917-1921 ........158 Liudmila Artamoshkina ‘White Kerchiefs’ Against Atheism ............................174 Galina Sedova (Sister Euphrosyne) Arrests of Orthodox Clergy of the Riga Diocese from 1944 to 1952 .........................................183 Ivan Petrov ‘Tell the Truth about Persecution’: The Perception and the Assessment of the Bolshevik Persecution on the Church by the Orthodox Clergy, who Served in the Occupied Territory in 1941-1944, and by Members of Christian Seminar in the 1970s .............................................201 Natalia Shlikhta Adaptability as a Survival Strategy under Communism: Reconsidering the Approach of the Russian Orthodox Church . 217 Irina Gordeeva The Religious Roots of the Pacifist Movement in the Russian Empire and the USSR in the 20th century .......................242 Solveiga Krumina-Konkova The Liberation Theology and Marxism: The Explanation of Some Myths ...........................................264 Aleksei Lokhmatov Theory in Action: French Personalism in the Public Debates of Post-War Poland ........................................277 Ojars Stepens, Liena Galeja The Heritage of the Totalitarian Control: The Problem of the KGB Heritage in the Cultural Sector of the Modern-Day Latvia.....................................294 Anatoliy Alekseev-Apraksin, Boris Erokhin The Network Paradigm in Buddhist Studies .....................305 SOCIO-POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS IDEAS AND MOVEMENTS IN THE 20TH – 21ST CENTURIES Religious-Philosophical Articles XXV are dedicated to the international conference Socio-Political and Religious Ideas and Movements in the 20th–21st Centuries organised by the researchers of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Latvia. The conference was held in cooper- ation with colleagues from the Institute of Political Science of the Uni- versity of Opole, the Institute of International Studies of the University of Wroclaw, the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Philosophy of the St. Petersburg State Uni- versity. The conference took place in Riga on 4–5 October 2018. Thus, the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology fulfilled its commitment in 2016, after the International Conference The Church and Totalitarian Regime: Secularization and Strategies of Survival, to become one of the centres for international cooperation on the topic of the Church-power relations. The conference was attended by scholars from Latvia, as well as Po- land, Ukraine, Lithuania, Estonia, England and Hungary. As in 2016, the conference was attended by a large group of academics from Russia – both from the St. Petersburg State University and the institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences as well as religious educational institutions such as St. Filaret Orthodox Christian Institute. The conference served as a platform to exchange ideas and the results of the latest studies on the reciprocity and significance of religious and socio-political views and ideologies in the 20th century and nowadays. In Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti XXV 6 the modern-day ever-changing political situation, increasing danger to the safety and stability of society in Latvia and other European countries is caused by the manipulation of the seemingly traditional conceptions of ethical, religious and cultural values evident in the public discourse and media space. Under the impact of global processes, social anxiety and moral disorientation facilitate a dangerous trend to trust the populist ide- ologies and quasi-religious ideas, as well as increase the level of radicali- sation of religious communities. For a better understanding of the current processes, it is necessary to examine the experience of the 20th century, especially in the so-called ‘ Soviet-bloc’ countries, where the processes of the secularisation of society took place under the circumstances of authoritarian/totalitarian regimes. Such kind of secularisation facilitated not only profoundly rooted political and social myths in society and cultivated them in the educational system and media space, but also radically changed the religious experience of believers. Looking from this viewpoint, it is crucial to establish a multi- dimensional understanding of the connection between the socio-political ideas and religious consciousness in the society. Papers presented at the conference covered a wide range of topics connected to the above-described processes in modern society and to the retrospective analysis of the cases of the last century. The participants of the conference discussed the following issues: the interchange of socio- political ideologies and religious movements in the post-secular society; political and religious movements in the USSR (Bolshevism and the re- action of the Church towards it; the atheism and the problems of preser- vation of religiosity: the dissident movement and the Church; non-traditional religious groups in the circumstances of the Communist regimes); interchange of political