Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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Ethno-Nationality and Violence in Sindh: a Case Study of MQM
Global Regional Review (GRR) URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).54 Ethno-Nationality and Violence in Sindh: A Case Study of MQM Vol. IV, No. III (Summer 2019) | Page: 501 ‒ 509 | DOI: 10.31703/grr.2019(IV-III).54 p- ISSN: 2616-955X | e-ISSN: 2663-7030 | ISSN-L: 2616-955X Sanaullah* Fakhr ul Munir† Hina Malik‡ Abstract Regionalism has oftenly expressed itself in terms which are opposed to national unity and integrity and challenged the legitimacy of the state while the rulers see it as a threat to development, progress and unity that is the why a regional issue of socio-political representation of Muhajirs has been projected in this paper. As in other states of South Asian region, factors of language and geography contributed a lot in ethnic identification in Pakistan as well which gave birth to various conflicts among different identities in different times and making the process of national integration vulnerable. ‘Two Nation Theory’ and became successful in the existence of Pakistan but usually culture and language do not support only the development of a single ethno-nationalism aspirations in new republics. Clifford Gertz calls it as “old societies and new states”. One of endeavors by an ethnic federation is the re-orientation of ethnic based collective action into non-violent politics. Unity among all peoples, linguistic or racial groups must be obtained and can be found within diverse ethno-cultural environment of Pakistan. Sindh has had long history of ethnic struggle. Key Words: Regionalism, Ethnicity, Muhajir, MQM, Karachi, Violence Introduction The paper primarily focuses on ethnic politics with special reference to MQM. -
Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt. -
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Ulfat Zahra Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Beginning of Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan 1971-1977 Abstract: This paper mainly explores the genesis of power politics in Pakistan during 1971-1977. The era witnessed political disorders that the country had experienced after the tragic event of the separation of East Pakistan. Bhutto’s desire for absolute power and his efforts to introduce a system that would make him the main force in power alienated both, the opposition and his colleagues and supporters. Instead of a democratic stance on competitive policies, he adopted an authoritarian style and confronted the National People's Party, leading to an era characterized by power politics and personality clashes between the stalwarts of the time. This mutual distrust between Bhutto and the opposition - led to a coalition of diverse political groups in the opposition, forming alliances such as the United Democratic Front and the Pakistan National Alliance to counter Bhutto's attempts of establishing a sort of civilian dictatorship. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of power politics between the ruling PPP and the opposition parties which left behind deep imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977. If the political parties tackle the situation with harmony, a firm democracy can establish in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakhtun Students Federation, Dehi Mohafiz, Shahbaz (Newspaper), Federal Security Force. Introduction The loss of East Pakistan had caused great demoralization in the country. -
Pakistani Politics 1243 Pakistani Politics the Lesson of Gramdan 1244 ERSONALITIES Count in the Politics of Every Country
(Established January 1949) September 28, 1957 Volume IX—No, 39 Price 50 Naye Paise EDITORIALS Pakistani Politics 1243 Pakistani Politics The Lesson of Gramdan 1244 ERSONALITIES count in the politics of every country. But in WEEKLY NOTES P Pakistan, politics seem to centre mainly around personalities. Thin Kandla Nearing Capacity- explains the frequent changes in party tactics and the policies of parties. Reassessment Necessary In such circumstances, as is only to be expected, political stability eludes —Pibul Goes — Welcome the country. It is tempting to draw a parallel between Pakistan and Rapprochement — P r o- Prance. There are some similarities in the underlying conditions in blem of Housing—Scarcity Pakistan and Indonesia. But there are limits beyond which such com of Material — U P's Tax parisons are misleading. Even as President Soekarno experiments with on Large Holdings Bank "guided democracy", President Iskander Mirza talks about "controlled Rate Change and India- democracy". But the Indonesian President's policy is based on an ideal Production of Radio Re whereas the Pakistani President's interference with the affairs of the ceivers 1247 State is solely justified on considerations of that country's integrity. LETTER TO THE EDITOR That also is the main, if not the only, binding force among parties and Chair-borne Critics 1250 politicians in Pakistan. A CALCUTTA DIARY Yet, experience and developing events make it increasingly evident Not by the Police Alone 1251 that Pakistan's march to progress cannot be ensured on such negative foundations as the country's integrity, annexation of Kashmir and the FROM THE LONDON END ever-present problem of maintaining a precarious balance between the Seven Per Cent and the country's two wings. -
Flashpoint: Pakistan in Crisis
To approach Rabwah, home to Pakistan’s minority Ahmadi sect, it is necessary to pass through Chiniot, an ancient town said to have been first populated by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, in 326 BC . Today, Chiniot, which stands amidst the lush green countryside of the Punjab province, is known chiefly for its skilled furniture craftsmen. The town is a bustling, but run-down urban centre – the cascading monsoon rain failing to wash away the grime and squalor that hangs all around. It is on the peeling, yellow-plastered walls of Chiniot that the first signs of the hatred directed against the Ahmadi community appear. The movement – named for its founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (located in the Indian Punjab) – Karachi broke away from mainstream Islam in 1889. The slogans, etched out in the flowing Urdu script, call on Muslims to ‘Kill Ahmadi non-believers’. apparent every official building is heavily fortified – Rabwah, a town of some 50,000 people, houses even the holy places and the parks – testifying to the the largest concentration of Ahmadis in Pakistan. fact that Rabwah remains a town under siege. Flashpoint Overall, there are an estimated 1.5 million Ahmadis While the 1974 decision against Ahmadis was met in the country amongst a population of 55 million by anger within the community, worse was to come. In people. Rabwah was built on 1,000 acres of land 1984, military dictator General Zia ul-Haq, as part of purchased from the Pakistan government in 1948 by policies aimed at ‘Islamizing’ the country, introduced a Pakistan in Crisis: the Ahmaddiya Muslim community, to house set of laws that, among other restrictions, barred Ahmadis who were forced to leave India amidst the Ahmadis from preaching their faith, calling their places tumultuous partition of the subcontinent in 1947, of worship ‘masjids’ (the term used by mainstream which resulted in the creation of the mainly Muslim Muslims) and from calling themselves Muslim. -
Makers-Of-Modern-Sindh-Feb-2020
Sindh Madressah’s Roll of Honor MAKERS OF MODERN SINDH Lives of 25 Luminaries Sindh Madressah’s Roll of Honor MAKERS OF MODERN SINDH Lives of 25 Luminaries Dr. Muhammad Ali Shaikh SMIU Press Karachi Alma-Mater of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi Aiwan-e-Tijarat Road, Karachi-74000 Pakistan. This book under title Sindh Madressah’s Roll of Honour MAKERS OF MODERN SINDH Lives of 25 Luminaries Written by Professor Dr. Muhammad Ali Shaikh 1st Edition, Published under title Luminaries of the Land in November 1999 Present expanded edition, Published in March 2020 By Sindh Madressatul Islam University Price Rs. 1000/- SMIU Press Karachi Copyright with the author Published by SMIU Press, Karachi Aiwan-e-Tijarat Road, Karachi-74000, Pakistan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any from or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passage in a review Dedicated to loving memory of my parents Preface ‘It is said that Sindh produces two things – men and sands – great men and sandy deserts.’ These words were voiced at the floor of the Bombay’s Legislative Council in March 1936 by Sir Rafiuddin Ahmed, while bidding farewell to his colleagues from Sindh, who had won autonomy for their province and were to go back there. The four names of great men from Sindh that he gave, included three former students of Sindh Madressah. Today, in 21st century, it gives pleasure that Sindh Madressah has kept alive that tradition of producing great men to serve the humanity. -
September 2017
SPECIAL FEATURE HH Prince Karim Aga Khan 2017 Reg. ss-973 September INSIDE AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN INDIA NEIGHBOUR Whither War? New Wine in New Bottles Birth of a New Axis Border Trouble Revolving Door The office of the Prime Minister in Pakistan seems to have a revolving door that prime ministers use to vacate their office before their term is up. Why does this happen? Contents 12 Mujhe KiyunNikala? No prime minister has completed his term in Pakistan. Afghanistan Whither War? A new U.S. policy to 28 end the war. Pakistan Sri Lanka 22 Back to Square One New Wine in Inviting the Tamils back. New Bottles 30 Trump is for loans, not aid. The Maldives Rabbit Hole of Dictatorship 32 Democratically elected president tries iron hand. 26 Bangladesh Limping Judiciary Legal tussle in a country where democracy is supposed to be supreme. 4 SOUTHASIA • SEPTEMBER 2017 REGULAR FEATURES Editor’s Mail 8 On Record 9 Briefs 10 COVER STORY Mujhe Kiyun Nikala? 12 Term Stinted 14 The Judiciary’s Role 16 Legacy of Failure 18 REGION India Birth of a New Axis 20 Pakistan New Wine in New Bottles 22 All In The Family 24 42 Bangladesh International Limping Judiciary 26 Canadian Politics Afghanistan The other side of Trudeau. Whither War? 28 Sri Lanka Back to Square One 30 The Maldives Rabbit Hole of Dictatorship 32 OPINION 54 Pakistan at 70 – A Personal Perspective 34 Crime SPECIAL FEATURE Wronged Women Bangladeshi women HH Prince Karim Aga Khan 37 need more security. INTERNATIONAL The Reluctant Prime Minister 42 NEIGHBOUR Forgotten People 44 Infrastructure FEATURES Bridge of Gender Equality Determination What’s in a Name! 48 The Padma Bridge is fast 50 nearing completion. -
Nascent Democracy of Pakistan (1988-1990)
Nascent Democracy of Pakistan (1988-1990) Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari Abdul Basit Mujahid Syed Akmal Hussain Shah Muhammad Azeem Pakistan was going through a very crucial period in the context of the August 17, 1988 incident in which President General Zia ul Haq along with American Ambassador and top brass military officers like General Akhtar Abdul Rahman and Brigadier Sidiq Salik were blown to ashes. The nation was in turmoil and the role of Acting President Ghulam Ishaq Khan new COAS General Aslam Baig Mirza was vital. In that context the leadership in power decided to announce Party based elections. The Elections 1988 were held under uncertain conditions. They had certain unique features also. The assurances from President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Gen. Aslam Beg about holding elections in time and pledge of caretaker governments for impartial and just elections were praiseworthy. Different political parties, political alliances and independent candidates were participating in elections. The Army, judiciary, and caretaker governments remained impartial which enhanced the level of political maturity and public interest. The elections of 1988 were contested under the politics of electoral alliances. The formation of electoral alliances at the time of elections is a routine matter in the culture of multi party system. The political organizations at different levels become active to prove their utility. Different political parties cooperate with each other; the small parties get benefit from alliances. They easily get support for their candidates and their interests are safeguarded. Many electoral alliances were established at the eve of October 1988 election.1 i.e Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), Pakistan Awami Ittehad, (PAI) Democratic Front, NPP (Khar group) with Jamiat Ahli-i-Sunnat adjustment, confidential seat adjustment between PPP and JUI(F), Awami National Party, Sindhi Baloch Pakhtoon Front, Balochistan National Alliance, Punjabi Pakhtoon Ittehad. -
Who Is Who in Pakistan & Who Is Who in the World Study Material
1 Who is Who in Pakistan Lists of Government Officials (former & current) Governor Generals of Pakistan: Sr. # Name Assumed Office Left Office 1 Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 August 1947 11 September 1948 (died in office) 2 Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin September 1948 October 1951 3 Sir Ghulam Muhammad October 1951 August 1955 4 Iskander Mirza August 1955 (Acting) March 1956 October 1955 (full-time) First Cabinet of Pakistan: Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947. Its first Governor General was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and First Prime Minister was Liaqat Ali Khan. Following is the list of the first cabinet of Pakistan. Sr. Name of Minister Ministry 1. Liaqat Ali Khan Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Minister for Commonwealth relations 2. Malik Ghulam Muhammad Finance Minister 3. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Minister of trade , Industries & Construction 4. *Raja Ghuzanfar Ali Minister for Food, Agriculture, and Health 5. Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar Transport, Communication Minister 6. Fazal-ul-Rehman Minister Interior, Education, and Information 7. Jogendra Nath Mandal Minister for Law & Labour *Raja Ghuzanfar’s portfolio was changed to Minister of Evacuee and Refugee Rehabilitation and the ministry for food and agriculture was given to Abdul Satar Pirzada • The first Chief Minister of Punjab was Nawab Iftikhar. • The first Chief Minister of NWFP was Abdul Qayum Khan. • The First Chief Minister of Sindh was Muhamad Ayub Khuro. • The First Chief Minister of Balochistan was Ataullah Mengal (1 May 1972), Balochistan acquired the status of the province in 1970. List of Former Prime Ministers of Pakistan 1. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951) In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October 1951 2. -
SUHAIL-THESIS.Pdf (347.6Kb)
Copyright by Adeem Suhail 2010 The Thesis committee for Adeem Suhail Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: The Pakistan National Alliance of 1977 APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: ________________________________________ (Syed Akbar Hyder) __________________________________________ (Kamran Asdar Ali) The Pakistan National Alliance of 1977 by Adeem Suhail, BA; BSEE Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 The Pakistan National Alliance of 1977 by Adeem Suhail, MA The University of Texas at Austin, 2011 SUPERVISOR: Syed Akbar Hyder Abstract This study focuses on the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) and the movement associated with that party, in the aftermath of the 1977 elections in Pakistan. Through this study, the author addresses the issue of regionalism and its effects on politics at a National level. A study of the course of the movement also allows one to look at the problems in representation and how ideological stances merge with material conditions and needs of the country’s citizenry to articulate the desire for, what is basically, an equitable form of democracy that is peculiar to Pakistan. The form of such a democratic system of governance can be gauged through the frustrations and desires of the variety of Pakistan’s oppressed classes. Moreover, the fissures within the discourses that appear through the PNA, as well as their reassessment and analysis helps one formulate a fresh conception of resistance along different matrices of society within the country. -
The Mirage of Power, by Mubashir Hasan
The Mirage of Power AN ENQUIRY INTO THE BHUTTO YEARS 1971-1977 BY MUBASHIR HASAN Reproduced By: Sani H. Panhwar Member Sindh Council PPP. CONTENTS About the Author .. .. .. .. .. .. i Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. v 1. The Dramatic Takeover .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. State of the Nation .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 3. Meeting the Challenges (1) .. .. .. .. 22 4. Meeting the Challenges (2) .. .. .. .. 43 5. Restructuring the Economy (1) .. .. .. .. 64 6. Restructuring the Economy (2) .. .. .. .. 85 7. Accords and Discords .. .. .. .. 100 8. All Not Well .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 9. Feeling Free .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 10. The Year of Change .. .. .. .. .. 167 11. All Power to the Establishment .. .. .. .. 187 12. The Losing Battle .. .. .. .. .. .. 199 13. The Battle Lost .. .. .. .. .. .. 209 14. The Economic Legacy .. .. .. .. .. 222 Appendices .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 261 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Mubashir Hasan is a well known figure in both academic and political circles in Pakistan. A Ph.D. in civil engineering, he served as an irrigation engineer and taught at the engineering university at Lahore. The author's formal entry into politics took place in 1967 when the founding convention of the Pakistan Peoples' Party was held at his residence. He was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1970 and served as Finance Minister in the late Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Cabinet from 1971-1974. In 1975, he was elected Secretary General of the PPP. Following the promulgation of martial law in 1977, the author was jailed for his political beliefs. Dr. Hasan has written three books, numerous articles, and has spoken extensively on social, economic and political subjects: 2001, Birds of the Indus, (Mubashir Hasan, Tom J. -
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& ( A !"#B #B B <) 8 :1 :0= < ! "#$% ! >6+?66+7+$ * - 0?+6. -$+?-6 >$ +++8 $ +)+ ; $.6+ . + *+6@-??+8+) 6. . !" !! " # $ %$&#&'() * 0 $ %'( $) !"#$ $ $ % & able to penetrate through the deceptive poverty eradication slogans and illusion perpetu- ated by the previous regimes. In his second term, he said he would strive to shed the tag of “developing country” associat- ed with India. ! " In a stern warning to # motormouths, Modi advised ! MPs not to be tempted by cam- $ % eras and media and derail the & government’s vision, plan and ' policies. “Rashtra ke naam ( sandesh dene ki jaroorat nahin L$ hain,” he quipped referring to $ %# +, ( - those who love to see their face L on TV screens. He also advised ' ( " ' . them to check the facts before )* $ " %& / % 0 opening their mouths, if it was $ ,1 ! utmost necessary. )*+ also rejected the few sugges- !+ / /+2 “Do not give time to tions that favoured his sibling, ! 2 ,3 media, inko 70 saal se aur ahul Gandhi is said to be General Secretary Priyanka / , ,/ , logon ne pala hai,” h e s ai d Rinsistent on resigning as the Gandhi, to take over as the apparently charging past Congress president despite the chief of the grand old party. !# ( !'2 3 ! " $ " %& regimes of giving patronage to Congress Working Committee When the name of his sis- a section of the Press. Ahead of (CWC) on Saturday unani- ter came up as an option, ! )*+ by the ‘traders of vote bank pol- his message to the MPs of the the Cabinet formation of his mously rejecting his offer to put Rahul reportedly said, “Don’t ' % L itics’ and usher in an era of ruling coalition — the prima- Government, the Prime in his papers taking responsi- drag my sister into it.