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Länderprofil Pakistan Stand: November 2014 Länderprofil Pakistan Stand: November 2014 Impressum Herausgeber: Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) Regenerative Energien Chausseestraße 128a 10115 Berlin, Germany Telefon: + 49 (0)30 72 6165 - 600 Telefax: + 49 (0)30 72 6165 – 699 E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Internet: www.dena.de Die dena unterstützt im Rahmen der Exportinitiative Erneuerbare Energien des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) deutsche Unternehmen der Erneuerbare-Energien-Branche bei der Auslandsmarkterschließung. Dieses Länderprofil liefert Informationen zur Energiesituation, zu energiepolitischen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen sowie Standort- und Geschäftsbedingungen für erneuerbare Energien im Überblick. Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zustimmung der dena. Sämtliche Inhalte wurden mit größtmöglicher Sorgfalt und nach bestem Wissen erstellt. Die dena übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Aktualität, Richtigkeit, Vollständigkeit oder Qualität der bereitgestellten Informationen. Für Schäden materieller oder immaterieller Art, die durch Nutzen oder Nichtnutzung der dargebotenen Informationen unmittelbar oder mittelbar verursacht werden, haftet die dena nicht, sofern ihr nicht nachweislich vorsätzliches oder grob fahrlässiges Verschulden zur Last gelegt werden kann. Offizielle Websites www.renewables-made-in-germany.com www.export-erneuerbare.de Länderprofil Pakistan – Informationen für deutsche Unternehmen Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis .................................................................................................................. 1 Abbildungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................................... 3 Tabellenverzeichnis .............................................................................................................. 4 Abkürzungen ......................................................................................................................... 6 Währungsumrechnung .......................................................................................................... 7 Maßeinheiten ......................................................................................................................... 7 Datenblatt ............................................................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 10 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................................... 13 2 Energiesituation ............................................................................................................ 18 2.1 Energiemarkt ......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Energieerzeugungs- und -verbrauchsstruktur .................................................................................... 26 3 Energiepolitik ................................................................................................................ 35 3.1 Energiepolitische Administration ....................................................................................................... 35 3.2 Politische Ziele und Strategien ............................................................................................................ 36 3.3 Gesetze, Verordnungen und Anreizsysteme für erneuerbare Energien ............................................ 38 3.4 Genehmigungsverfahren....................................................................................................................... 41 3.5 Netzanschlussbedingungen ................................................................................................................. 44 4 Nutzungsmöglichkeiten erneuerbarer Energien ........................................................... 46 4.1 Windenergie ......................................................................................................................................... 46 4.1.1 Natürliches, wirtschaftliches und technisches Potenzial ................................................................... 46 4.1.2 Förderprogramme, steuerliche Anreize und Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten ...................................... 47 4.1.3 Projektinformationen ........................................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Solarenergie .......................................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Natürliches, wirtschaftliches und technisches Potenzial ................................................................... 48 4.2.2 Förderprogramme, steuerliche Anreize und Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten ...................................... 50 4.2.3 Projektinformationen ............................................................................................................................ 51 4.3 Bioenergie ............................................................................................................................................. 52 4.3.1 Natürliches, wirtschaftliches und technisches Potenzial ................................................................... 52 4.3.2 Förderprogramme, steuerliche Anreize und Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten .......................................57 4.3.3 Projektinformationen ........................................................................................................................... 58 4.4 Geothermie ........................................................................................................................................... 59 1 Länderprofil Pakistan – Informationen für deutsche Unternehmen 4.4.1 Natürliches, wirtschaftliches und technisches Potenzial ................................................................... 59 4.4.2 Förderprogramme, steuerliche Anreize und Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten ....................................... 61 4.4.3 Projektinformationen ............................................................................................................................ 61 4.5 Wasserkraft ............................................................................................................................................ 61 4.5.1 Natürliches, wirtschaftliches und technisches Potenzial .................................................................... 61 4.5.2 Förderprogramme, steuerliche Anreize und Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten ...................................... 62 4.5.3 Projektinformationen ........................................................................................................................... 63 Marktnachrichten ................................................................................................................ 67 5 Kontakte ....................................................................................................................... 68 5.1 Staatliche Institutionen........................................................................................................................ 68 5.2 Wirtschaftskontakte ............................................................................................................................. 70 Literatur-/Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................. 86 2 Länderprofil Pakistan – Informationen für deutsche Unternehmen Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb. 1: Karte Pakistans ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Abb. 2: Risikobewertung Pakistan ...................................................................................................................... 16 Abb. 3: Kritische Faktoren in Pakistan ................................................................................................................ 17 Abb. 4: Prognose für Erdöl- und Erdgasbedarf und -produktion (2010-2025; in Mio. Tonnen RÖE) ........... 18 Abb. 5: Anteil von Erdöl (blau) und Erdgas (rot) an der Elektrizitätserzeugung (in Prozent; 1991 bis 2012) 19 Abb. 6: Geplante Erdgaspipelines ....................................................................................................................... 20 Abb. 7: Erdgasinfrastruktur ................................................................................................................................. 21 Abb. 8: Pipelinesystem PARCO ........................................................................................................................... 22 Abb. 9: Netzplan 220 und 500 kV Stromleitungen ............................................................................................ 24 Abb. 10: Netzverluste von Verteilnetzbetreibern und Stromdiebstahl (Anteil in Prozent eingespeister Strommengen; Stand: 2009/2010;) ........................................................................................................... 25 Abb. 11: Windkarte Pakistan (Windgeschwindigkeiten in 50 m Höhe) ............................................................ 46 Abb. 12: Direkt einwirkende Globalstrahlung (in kWh/m2/Tag) .....................................................................
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