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Analysis of Pakistan's Electric Power Sector

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Analysis of Pakistan's Electric Power Sector Analysis of Pakistan’s Electric Power Sector By: Shakeel Khan Hafiz Farhan Ashraf Supervisor: Erik Loxbo Examiner: Sven Johansson Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering March 2015 Acknowledgment: If we categorize the contributions that enabled us to finish this work, firstly we are really grateful to ALLAH for giving us good health and enough knowledge to finish this work. Secondly when it comes to guidance and cooperation, our supervisor Mr. Erik Loxbo, and examiner Mr. Sven Johansson for being patient and supported us to get our work done and we are really thankful to them for all their precious time given to us during this period. Teachers are very respectable and we always learn from them. They play a very important role in building our career. They give us confidence and always encourage us to achieve our goals. We are very grateful to all of our teachers who supported us throughout our degree and wish them a healthy and happy life. Every time when some goals are achieved, who can forget the special people of the world, of course our parents who always tried to give us everything we need and always pray for our better future, so special thanks to our parents for their love, support and encouragement in failure times. We all need friends and their help when needed, thanks to our friends and classmates for their encouragement during our thesis work At the end, we would like to say thanks once again to our supervisor Mr. Erik Loxbo for his patience, support and guidance to complete our work. I Abstract: Pakistan is among some countries which has a lot of potential to produce electricity. The country is geographically very rich in terms of various renewable resources which are low costing to produce electricity and at the same time more environment friendly. But still from last 15 years Pakistan has a series of crises in power sector and there is a shortfall because electricity demand is growing day by day and the resources to produce electricity are not used efficiently. This study covers how the country is producing electricity from different available resources, furthermore to address how to reduce shortfall using renewable resources. The main parameters covered by this study are electricity production and its consumption, and installed capacity from different power sources. Currently there are 81 different Power plants with installed capacity 24857 MW of electricity and some more power generating projects are in consideration in future to increase electricity production in the country. Production units are shown in terms of bar charts which compares installed capacity of all power plants. Annual production data of different power plants and their generation history is also shown and explained in tables. Furthermore in our study, reasons of existing shortfall are explained and renewable resources like wind, hydel and solar potential of the country is specified, which will help to reduce existing shortfall. At the end, it is concluded that renewable resources importance is realizing in the country with time, as their contribution towards electricity generation is increasing, and are more beneficial, sustainable, economical and long lasting. II Table of Contents Acknowledgment: ...................................................................................................................... I Abstract: .................................................................................................................................... II List of Tables, Charts and Figures ........................................................................................... IV Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ V 1. Introduction and History ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Introduction: ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Background of Electricity in Pakistan:........................................................................ 1 2. Production of electric power in Pakistan ....................................................................... 5 2.1. Power sector entities in Pakistan: ................................................................................ 5 2.2. Hydro Power: .............................................................................................................. 6 2.3. Thermal Power: ......................................................................................................... 10 2.4. Nuclear Power: .......................................................................................................... 17 2.5. Wind Power: .............................................................................................................. 19 2.6. Solar Power: .............................................................................................................. 21 2.7. Overview of total production: ................................................................................... 23 2.8. Transmission and Distributions:................................................................................ 30 3. Crises and shortfall ......................................................................................................... 35 3.1. Maintenance of power plants: ................................................................................... 35 3.2. Circular Debt: ............................................................................................................ 35 3.3. Imbalance energy mix: .............................................................................................. 36 3.4. Pricing Policy: ........................................................................................................... 37 3.5. Transmission and Distribution: ................................................................................. 37 3.6. Energy conservation: ................................................................................................. 38 4. Development of renewable energy sources in Pakistan .............................................. 39 4.1. Renewable Energy: ................................................................................................... 39 4.2. Renewable energy potential in Pakistan: .................................................................. 39 4.2.1. Solar energy potential: ....................................................................................... 40 4.2.2. Hydro energy potential: ..................................................................................... 41 4.2.3. Wind energy potential: ....................................................................................... 42 Conclusion: .............................................................................................................................. 44 References and sources ............................................................................................................ 45 III List of Tables, Charts and Figures Table 1: Hydro power plants with their specification ................................................................ 7 Table 2 thermal Power Plants with their specification ............................................................ 11 Table 3: Nuclear power plants ................................................................................................. 18 Table 4: Wind power plants with specifications ...................................................................... 20 Table 5: Solar Power plant ....................................................................................................... 22 Table 6: Installed capacity and generation by Energy resources ............................................. 23 Table 7: Nominal Power by different power producers........................................................... 25 Table 8: Number of plants Province wise ................................................................................ 27 Table 9: Installed capacity development since 1990 ............................................................... 28 Table 10: Transmission lines in Provinces .............................................................................. 30 Table 11: Transmission lines development since 1990 ........................................................... 32 Table 12: Capacity and Generation with T&D Losses ............................................................ 34 Table 13: Wind Power development 2016............................................................................... 43 Table 14: Solar power development in next two year ............................................................. 41 Table 15: development of Hydro Power Projects .................................................................... 42 Chart 1: Hydro power project with nominal power ................................................................... 9 Chart 2 Thermal power stations with nominal Power ............................................................. 16 Chart 3 Nuclear Power Plants With nominal Power ................................................................ 18 Chart 4 Wind Power Plants with nominal power..................................................................... 20 Chart 5: Electric Installed capacity by sources .......................................................................
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