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Ethology Practical Ethology practical Vilmos Altbäcker Márta Gácsi András Kosztolányi Ákos Pogány Gabriella Lakatos Péter Pongrácz XML to PDF by RenderX XEP XSL-FO F ormatter, visit us at http://www.renderx.com/ Ethology practical by Vilmos Altbäcker, Márta Gácsi, András Kosztolányi, Ákos Pogány, Gabriella Lakatos, and Péter Pongrácz Copyright © 2013 Eötvös Loránd University This book is freely available for research and educational purposes. Reproduction in any form is prohibited without written permission of the owner. Made in the project entitled "E-learning scientific content development in ELTE TTK" with number TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0073. Consortium leader: Eötvös Loránd University, Consortium Members: ELTE Faculties of Science Student Foundation, ITStudy Hungary Ltd. XML to PDF by RenderX XEP XSL-FO F ormatter, visit us at http://www.renderx.com/ Table of Contents I. Field ethology – Conducting behavioral observations in the Budapest Zoo ............................................. 1 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 1 2.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 2.1 The design of a scientific research study ........................................................................ 1 2.2 Components of behaviour ........................................................................................... 1 2.3 The subjects of an ethological study .............................................................................. 3 2.4 How can we collect behavioural data? ........................................................................... 3 3. MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Subjects .................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 Materials ................................................................................................................. 4 4. CONDUCTING THE FIELD OBSERVATION AT THE ZOO .................................................... 5 4.1 Goals ...................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Time range of the observations .................................................................................... 5 4.3 Field report and data sheets ......................................................................................... 5 4.4 Written report ........................................................................................................... 5 4.5 The evaluation of the report ........................................................................................ 6 5. LITERATURE CITED ........................................................................................................ 8 II. The ontogeny of antipredator behavior in fish fry ............................................................................. 9 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 9 2. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Antipredator behaviour .............................................................................................. 9 2.2 Predator recognition .................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Inherited recognition of predators ............................................................................... 10 2.4 Predator avoidance and the ontogeny ........................................................................... 10 3. MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Test subjects ........................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Experimental device ................................................................................................ 12 4. PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................. 12 4.1 Goal of the practical ................................................................................................. 12 4.2 Experimental process ............................................................................................... 13 4.3 Experimental groups ................................................................................................ 13 4.4 Data analysis and the presentation of the results ............................................................ 13 4.5 Preparing a report .................................................................................................... 14 4.6 Evaluation of the report ............................................................................................ 14 5. LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................................... 14 III. Search image formation in domestic chicken ................................................................................ 16 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 16 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 16 5. LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................................... 20 IV. Operant conditioning in the practice ............................................................................................ 22 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 22 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 22 2.1 Theoretical Overview ............................................................................................... 22 2.2 General forms of learning ......................................................................................... 22 2.3 Operant conditioning as a training method: clicker training .............................................. 24 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................................... 24 3.1. Experimental animals and equipment ......................................................................... 25 3.2. Procedure .............................................................................................................. 25 4. DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................................... 25 4.1. Practicing the method on mates – shaping the behaviour ................................................ 25 4.2 Operant conditioning with dogs .................................................................................. 25 4.3. Preparation of a report ............................................................................................. 27 4.4. General evaluation – Considerations for the discussion ................................................. 28 REFERENCES CITED ......................................................................................................... 30 iii XML to PDF by RenderX XEP XSL-FO F ormatter, visit us at http://www.renderx.com/ Ethology practical V. The effect of imprinting on the behaviour of domestic chicken .......................................................... 32 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 32 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 32 2.1 Filial imprinting ...................................................................................................... 32 2.2 Sexual imprinting .................................................................................................... 32 3. METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Tests ..................................................................................................................... 33 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................................... 36 VI. The effect of early human contact on the timidity of rabbits ............................................................. 37 1. OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 37 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 37 2.1 Conspecific recognition of hand raised rabbits .............................................................. 37 2.2 Conspecific recognition is based on smell in rabbits ....................................................... 38 3. METHODS ....................................................................................................................
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