LOTION, MOISTURIZER: developmental toxicity tests performed on rabbits and rats

HAIR SPRAY, DEODORANT: acute inhalation toxicity tests performed on rats

UR

MASCARA, EYE SHADOW, EYELINER, SHAMPOO: blindnesseye irritation and corrosion tests performed on rabbits

BLUSH, FOUNDATION: skin tests performed on rabbits, mice, and guinea pigs INFLAMMATION h REDNESS

LIPSTICK, LIP GLOSS: acute oral toxicity tests performed on rats BLEEDING FROM THE MOUTH d Do you know how your is made? BY ARNA COHEN

ACROSS THE GLOBE, COUNTLESS ANIMALS CONTINUE TO SUFFER IN PAINFUL TESTS CUSTOMERS GRABBING A LATE-MORNING cup of SIMPLY TO BRING NEW SKIN CREAMS, HAIR coffee in downtown Brussels caught a strange sight DYES, AND OTHER NONESSENTIAL two years ago: Suddenly, across the street, on the TO MARKET. BUT THE BE CRUELTY- grounds of the European Commission, there were rab- bits everywhere. FREE CAMPAIGN IS LEADING THE CHARGE Some seemed to emerge from nearby bushes. Others TO BAN COSMETICS slipped out from behind city walls as pedestrians stopped to watch and curious faces peered down from WORLDWIDE BY ENGAGING CONSUMERS AND office windows. And then, right there on an open stretch COMPANIES, REWRITING LAWS, AND AD- of sidewalk, on a Wednesday in June, those rabbits VANCING THE SCIENCE OF SAFETY TESTING. began to dance. As a happy burst of music piped out over a nearby sound system—“Saturday night, I feel the air is getting hot”—27 advocates in white rabbit costumes stepped, hopped, clapped, and spun in unison. Reporters snapped photos. A few onlookers began to move with the song. And atop a stone wall, two women unfurled a large white banner: “350,000 Petition for EU Cosmetics to be Cruelty-Free in 2013.” The flash mob gathered to shine a spotlight on the issue of cosmetics animal testing in the European Union—one white rabbit representing each member country. “It attracted quite a lot of attention, as you might imagine,” says Wendy Higgins, remembering a round of applause as the dancing concluded. The local media even asked for an encore, to capture more footage. Immediately afterward, Humane Society International and Lush cosmetics company delivered stack upon stack of signatures to the European health commissioner, calling on him to support a March 2013 ban on the sale of animal-tested cosmetics. “It was quite an emotional event, I have to say. I had a tear in my eye,” says Higgins, HSI European com- munications director. “This had a real sense of meaning, and it was such a joyful event. But all of us knew, for animals in laboratories being tested on for cosmetics, there is no joy. There is no happy moment. And we were there, speaking up for them.”

HUMANESOCIETY.ORG / ALLANIMALS 17 The eventually successful petition was one in a that is knocking down barriers worldwide, says Troy FIVE EASY WAYS series of rapid-fire victories achieved recently by HSI Seidle, HSI director of research and toxicology. TO CELEBRATE BE and The HSUS’s Be Cruelty-Free Campaign. Last year “With the EU closing its doors to animal-tested CRUELTY-FREE WEEK, alone, Israel banned the sale of all newly ani- cosmetics, the beginning of the end of global cos- mal-tested cosmetics, India prohibited animal tests metics cruelty is within our grasp. It is a major moral MARCH 10-14 of cosmetics within its borders, and China milestone in the history of ending cosmetics animal announced that it will no longer require animal testing.” testing for domestically manufactured nonmedicat- Pascaline Clerc, HSUS senior director of animal ed cosmetics. In South Korea, the government research issues, adds that the EU decision has wider invested more than $150 million to establish the implications for animal testing of noncosmetic Pledge to country’s first nonanimal testing center, further products such as paint, coffee sweeteners, and do your part committing to accept alternative methods for safe- household cleaners. “This is the first step in replac- ty assurance of medicated cosmetics such as sun- ing animals used for toxicity testing in general. Sign our pledge to end animal testing of cosmetics. Go to screens and anti-wrinkle creams. People can see that it can be done.” 1 humanesociety.org/ becrueltyfree. Progress has been most striking in the European Union: Five months after those white rabbits danced their jig in Belgium, the health commission- AN ANIMATED BUNNY is taken from the wild and er stated he would fully implement the March 2013 imprisoned in a research laboratory. He is locked in ban on the import and sale of cosmetics newly test- a full-body restraint system and a chemical is ed on animals or containing ingredients tested on applied to his eyes, which blister and turn red. animals, regardless of where such tests are conduct- Bright Eyes, a video created by HSI partner ed. With an EU testing ban already in place since Choose Cruelty Free Australia, is based on a true 2009, the 2013 sales ban marked the finalA piece in a story (with creative license: Unlike the animated 20-year struggle by advocates to remove cruelty specimen, laboratory rabbits are not obtained from from the beauty equation there, and the domino the wild; they’re purpose-bred for research). For 70

18 allanimals // MAR / APR 2014 years, rabbits have been the go-to animal for the Draize eye irritation test the video depicts. They spend their short lives undergoing the procedure without anesthetic before being killed when no longer “useful.” The Draize test is only one in a litany of toxicity tests performed on animals, each more horrifying than the last. In the acute oral toxicity test, the nee- dle of a syringe is forced down the throat of a rat and a massive dose of the test substance injected into her stomach to determine the amount that causes death. The animal can experience diarrhea, convulsions, bleeding from the mouth, seizures, and paralysis. The same procedure is used to assess smaller amounts in repeated dose toxicity tests, which last daily for one to three months or longer. In carcinogenicity tests, rats and mice are exposed to substances daily for up to two years to effects on human eyes than animal tests have. PAIN-FILLED LIVES AND DEATHS see if they develop tumors; reproductive toxicity are the fate of rabbits Meanwhile, the number of rabbits used in skin and other animals used for tests involve daily exposure of pregnant rats and irritation and corrosion tests is being reduced cosmetics testing. Alternative methods are gaining traction up to two generation of pups, often by force-feed- thanks to computer modeling analyses and other thanks to a growing recognition ing (a method that seems doubly unnecessary techniques. Skin cells can be grown in petri dishes, that animal tests are poor predictors of how substances given that most personal care products are applied says Willett: “You add two or three different kinds of will affect people. to the skin). Even tests that aren’t measuring fatal cells to an artificial scaffold, and they start to form doses ultimately end in death, notes Catherine tissues that look and behave just like living tis-

ETA; PLAINVIEW/ISTOCK. ETA; Willett, HSUS director of regulatory toxicology, risk sues”—imitating skin on body parts as varied as the assessment, and alternatives: “Oftentimes you nose, trachea, and lungs. And Procter & Gamble need to kill the animal to see what has actually scientists recently developed the first nonanimal happened at the microscopic level.” Typical killing method for skin allergy testing; chemicals are methods include asphyxiation, neck-breaking, assessed in test tubes for their allergic reactivity and decapitation. according to the amount of depletion they cause in A dubious science underpins the physical and proteins known as peptides. psychological suffering endured by animals in labo- As critical as these developments are, an emerg- ratories, as results of tests done on rodents and rab- ing body of research is seeking to transcend such bits are poor predictors of a substance’s effect on one-on-one test replacements with a more exhaus- humans. Spurred by widening acknowledgment of tive approach that focuses on predicting chemical these limitations, scientists are increasingly focused pathways in the human body. “Where does the on developing state-of-the-art, human-relevant, chemical enter the body? How does it enter the FIVE EASY WAYS animal-free alternatives. body?” says Willett: “Does it bind to a receptor and TO CELEBRATE BE The days of the Draize test, for one, look to be cause a cascade of things to happen in the cell? CRUELTY-FREE WEEK numbered. Many governments approve the use of Does it chemically modify a protein? cow or chicken corneas left over from the meat “And you can actually map this out from many Look for industry for certain types of eye irritancy tests. The different kinds of chemicals that cause different the Leaping next generation of tests will use human cells, such kinds of reactions,” she continues. “You can actually as a new artificial cornea under development by get a pretty decent idea of what a chemical is going Bunny logo Japanese researchers that could ultimately replace to do based on the biological pathway it affects. It’s To find cosmetic, personal care, household, and pet care rabbits entirely. Preliminary evaluations of the tis- a completely different way of thinking about testing 2 products that have been certified cruelty-free, down- PREVIOUS SPREAD: .SHOCK/VEER. LEFT PAGE, FROM TOP: ANNA STEPANOVA/ALAMY; VIRGINIA MAYO/ASSOCIATED PRESS. THIS PAGE, FROM TOP: P TOP: FROM PAGE, THIS PRESS. MAYO/ASSOCIATED VIRGINIA STEPANOVA/ALAMY; ANNA TOP: FROM PAGE, LEFT .SHOCK/VEER. SPREAD: PREVIOUS sue have obtained results that more closely predict than has ever been done before. People who know load the Leaping Bunny app about this are very excited about it.” on your smartphone, or request a pocket-sized guide A RABBIT-COSTUMED FLASH MOB marches toward Governments have embraced the changes, with at leapingbunny.org. EU headquarters in Brussels in June 2012, bearing 350,000 agencies such as the FDA, EPA, and Department of signatures against cosmetics animal testing. Exposing the cruelty behind the beauty industry has been the focus Defense investing in complex computer models, of intense efforts by the animal protection movement for “organs on a chip,” and other technologies, says decades, marked by boycotts, protests, petitions, and extraordinary levels of consumer participation. Willett. “Similar investment is being made around

HUMANESOCIETY.ORG / ALLANIMALS 19 the world, in the European Union, Japan, Brazil, industry might impede progress. So HSI delivered Korea, and elsewhere.” the European health commissioner a large Valentine’s Day card from singer Leona Lewis, ask- ing him to have a heart for animals. They held meet- WHERE ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS are ings with policymakers. They asked European FIVE EASY WAYS not available, companies can create new cosmetics citizens to send postcards in support. And then, TO CELEBRATE BE by choosing among thousands of ingredients that immediately following the purposely upbeat, posi- CRUELTY-FREE WEEK have been tested in the past and proven to be safe. tive white rabbit event, they brought 350,000 signa- Taken together, these options provide a counter- tures to that pivotal June meeting, including ones Start argument to industry claims that animal testing is from celebrities such as Ricky Gervais, Kesha, Sir sleuthing the only possible way to assess safety. “Now that Roger Moore, and Chrissie Hynde. If the brand you’re consideringW is we’ve had the technical progress, the politicians have “Even though only two HSI lobbyists were not a Be Cruelty-Free Campaign partner or Leaping Bunny-certi- become—well, they’ve lost sympathy,” says Seidle. allowed into the meeting, they weren’t in that room fied, ask the company if its The EU import and sales ban was the initial focus alone,” Higgins says. “They said that when they products or ingredients are tested on animals at any stage of the of the Be-Cruelty Free Campaign, a global push to stepped into that room, they felt the hands of those manufacturing process. Also ask if rewrite laws, train technicians in alternative testing 350,000 people on their shoulders, spurring them the company sells in China, which 3requires animal testing of methods, and engage consumers and corporations. on. And that’s what it’s all about. That’s what all of imported cosmetics. Help expand the list by asking companies Stalled for years, an EU testing ban was originally the petition-collecting was all about, was that to certify their brands as passed in 1993, with a five-year phase-in period, but moment where we could say: We’re watching. cruelty-free; find a sample letter at humanesociety.org/ the cosmetics industry managed to secure delay Europe is waiting for you to do this.” cosmeticaction. after delay, claiming that it needed more time to Nine months later, they had their ban. “We prob- replace animals in testing. Finally, in 2009, all animal ably would have been looking at more delays if our testing of finished cosmetics and their ingredients campaign hadn’t been there to really hold the EU’s was prohibited within EU borders; a ban on sales of feet to the flame,” says Seidle. products animal-tested elsewhere was slated to go With the mission accomplished in Europe, the Be into effect in 2013. Cruelty-Free Campaign is working to achieve similar But in 2012, it again appeared that the cosmetics progress in other lucrative sales markets: Brazil,

What’s in a Name? NAVIGATING THE MURKY WORLD OF PRODUCT LABELS

IN ADDITION TO checking for companies is done at any stage of production; they also But that confidence is not always war- that partner with the Be Cruelty-Free guarantee that their ingredient suppliers ranted. Such phrases may refer only to fin- Campaign, the best way to know for certain have taken the same pledge, and they agree ished products and not their individual that no animals were recently harmed in the to be audited for recertification. ingredients. “We never test on animals” may making of a cosmetic or personal care prod- Vigilance over product labels is a neces- be technically true; a company may not do uct is to look for the Leaping Bunny logo. sary strategy for humane consumers in its own testing but instead farm it out to The mark certifies that the manufacturer today’s complex marketplace. Aware that independent labs. Another common dis- meets the stringent criteria set by the buyers today reject animal testing, many claimer—“not tested on animals except Coalition for Consumer Information on manufacturers are labeling their goods with where required by law”—gives companies Cosmetics, of which The HSUS is a founding rabbit logos and phrases like “animal friend- an out if they expand into lucrative markets member. Those manufacturers that pledge ly,” “not tested on animals,” and “we never such as China, which mandates animal test- to uphold the internationally recognized test on animals.” Consumers buy with the ing of imported cosmetics. Corporate Standard of Compassion for assurance they are purchasing compassion- Says Jen Mathews, who researches com- Animals confirm that no new animal testing ately produced merchandise. panies’ test methods for the My Beauty

20 allanimals // MAR / APR 2014 South Korea, Russia. In India, dedicated personnel online petitions, prompting company executives to hired with funds from a Lush grant recruited reverse course. Bollywood stars and thousands of consumers to Seeking to bring this element of popular pres- help HSI pressure officials to replace animal tests sure to bear on the government, HSI partnered with with alternative methods in the country’s regula- three Chinese organizations, “one that’s very con- tions of cosmetics manufacturing. “We went as far nected politically, one that’s very media-wise, and as we could with the Bureau of Indian Standards,” one that’s a youth social media organization,” says says Seidle, “and from there we engaged some lead Seidle. Advocates began spreading the cruelty-free members of parliament and really just ratcheted up message on the Chinese social media platform the heat with a very high-impact public campaign, Weibo, with more than 500 million users, while which got the drug controller’s attention, and he press releases began naming companies that refuse personally went in with our letter in hand and said, to sell in China because of the testing policy. ‘Yes, we’re just going to do this; get it done.’ ” “We’ve been actively disseminating information In June, HSI launched Be Cruelty-Free China, turn- to the Chinese consumers for the first time ever,” says ing its focus to a critical battleground where the gov- Seidle. “No one has ever done that before, to explain ernment has required all cosmetics for sale, both this is how your cosmetics are being tested; this is FIVE EASY WAYS domestically produced and imported, to be safe- what’s involved; this is what the idea of cruelty-free TO CELEBRATE BE ty-tested on animals in government laboratories, and means.” The European Union health commissioner CRUELTY-FREE WEEK where in recent years the lure of huge profits—$24 applied additional leverage, meeting with Chinese billion spent on cosmetics and personal care items in officials to discuss animal testing as a barrier to trade. Shop smart 2012—has proven irresistible to Mary Kay and other A significant breakthrough came in November, These days, cruelty-free products can be found at companies that had been cruelty-free for decades. when the China Food and Drug Administration most retailers, but you can Decisions by these companies to surrender their announced that it would allow domestic cosmetics simplify your search by shopping at vendors4 that sell principles have outraged their customers. When manufacturers to opt out of mandatory animal test- only Leaping Bunny- certified products, such as Urban Decay, a popular cruelty-free company, ing in favor of using previously collected ingredient crueltyfreeconsumer.com, announced that it would sell in China, thousands safety data and possibly alternative test methods vitacost.com/cruelty-free, whiterabbitbeauty.com, and

KISS: VIORIKA/ISTOCK; BUBBLES: TIMSA/ISTOCK; CREAM: PLAINVIEW/ISTOCK. CREAM: TIMSA/ISTOCK; BUBBLES: VIORIKA/ISTOCK; KISS: expressed anger through email, social media, and accepted by EU regulators—allowing Chinese drugstore.com/crueltyfree.

Bunny product review blog, even contact- hair coloring. of disease” and “articles (other than food) ing corporate representatives directly can Cosmetics don’t require pre-market FDA intended to affect the structure or any func- be unhelpful. “It’s difficult because a lot of approval, and there are no laws mandating tion of the body of man or other animals.” times they have no idea and they will just animal testing, or specific tests of any sort, Thus, a deodorant crosses into the over- say yes. … Brands that I know aren’t cruel- for these products. While manufacturers the-counter drug category when an anti- ty-free … I have had PR people tell me that and marketers are legally responsible for perspirant is added, as does toothpaste they are.” ensuring their products’ safety, the FDA has with fluoride, moisturizer with sunscreen, Further muddying the waters is a prod- no regulatory authority over cosmetics, skin cream with wrinkle-reducing ingredi- uct’s classification as a cosmetic or drug, aside from banning the use of certain toxic ents, shampoo with dandruff treatments, which can determine whether it will be sub- and carcinogenic substances. It simply and so on. jected to animal testing. advises that safety be substantiated, stating These cosmetic drugs are subject to FDA In the U.S., the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic that this can be done through “reliance on pre-market approval, which may or may not Act defines cosmetics as “articles intended already available toxicological test data on require animal testing. Many OTC items can to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed individual ingredients and on product for- be approved through comparison to speci- on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to mulations that are similar in composition to fications for already existing products, the human body ... for cleansing, beautify- the particular cosmetic.” known as “monographs.” When monographs ing, promoting attractiveness, or altering On the other hand, drugs are defined as don’t exist, such as for a novel ingredient, the appearance.” Included are moisturizers, “articles intended for use in the diagnosis, testing must be done. perfumes, makeup, fingernail polish, and cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention

HUMANESOCIETY.ORG / ALLANIMALS 21 ADVOCATES IN DALIAN, CHINA, last year shared the truth behind cosmetics testing, little known in a country with a huge cosmetics market. Says event organizer Yu Dezhi, “We believe that animals do not have to die for human beauty products.”

goods to be sold in the world’s largest cosmetics that the method you used to evaluate your chemi- market. The Institute for In Vitro Sciences is now cal was sound, but you have to make it legally training Chinese scientists in alternative methods, defensible. Because animal tests are the historical thanks to an $80,000 grant from HSI, The HSUS, and measure that we’ve used, people feel that they’re the Human Toxicology Project Consortium. on safer ground.” The change comes into force in June and doesn’t And profit sings its siren song. The bulk of animal yet apply to imported cosmetics or to “special-use” testing these days is done in the lucrative field of products like hair dyes, sunscreens, and antiperspi- anti-aging products that claim to reduce wrinkles, rants. But in meetings with HSI, the CFDA has indi- lighten brown spots, or lift sagging skin. The chemi- cated that, after the change has been implemented cal ingredients in these treatments affect the body’s and assessed, it may be extended to the other cate- structure, thus pushing them into the category of gories. Companies are still free to continue animal over-the-counter drugs and, if an ingredient has nev- It’s so sad that these testing if they so choose, so HSI’s next focus will be er been used before, making it subject to mandatory to persuade regulators to ban the tests altogether. animal testing (see “What’s in a Name,” p. 20). animals are dying In small ways, consumers have shown their “It’s so sad that these animals are dying for … for ... the myth that approval of the government’s change of heart. In the myth that we can hold back the march of time,” we can hold back the Dalian, a port city in northeast China, animal advo- says Lush ethics director Hilary Jones. “Companies march of time. Companies cates adorned with rabbit ears held several events sell that myth and sell us these miracle ingredients that attracted 2,700 people, hundreds of whom that disappear two or three months later, to be sell that myth and sell signed HSI’s Be Cruelty-Free China pledge and a replaced by a new miracle ingredient, all of them us these miracle ingredi- petition supporting the government’s plans. A tiny tested on animals.” ents that disappear percentage of a huge populace, but notable in a With a strong industry lobby keeping a legisla- two or three months nation not known for freedom of expression. tive ban on animal testing a nonstarter, the Be Cruelty-Free Campaign’s focus in the U.S. has been later, to be replaced by W on public education. According to a 2013 poll, a a new miracle IN THE U.S., the state of cosmetics testing is some- majority of Americans oppose animal testing of cos- ingredient, all of them what of a different story. Even with the availability of metics, and they actually feel safer if alternatives are cutting-edge technology, even with years of safety used instead. But even so, consumers here simply tested on animals. data on thousands of chemicals, even with no legal aren’t as engaged, or informed, as they have been in — HILARY JONES, requirements that cosmetics be tested on animals, the EU, says The HSUS’s Clerc. “When we started this LUSH COSMETICS COMPANY many American companies continue the practice in campaign, people were surprised that animal test- Ipart because it’s what they’ve always done. ing was still around. They thought we had moved Fear of lawsuits is a factor in their conservatism, beyond that.” says The HSUS’s Willett. In our litigious society, “peo- Reaching out especially to a new generation con- ple will sue the company and they will sue the FDA. cerned about what they put in and on their bodies, Not only do you have to convince the regulators the campaign engages music, television, and film

22 allanimals // MAR / APR 2014 stars to spread the message through Twitter and Years later, when Baldwin was stationed with the public service announcements. It recently teamed U.S. Army in Afghanistan, her skin suffered again, with Miss DC 2013 Bindhu Pamarthi, who announced this time from stress, dust, and the extreme tem- she was willing to compete barefaced in the Miss peratures of the arid desert climate. When none of America 2014 pageant if it would draw attention to the commercial products she tried provided relief, her platform of ending cosmetics animal testing. Baldwin decided to develop her own skincare line. Although Pamarthi didn’t ultimately compete bare- Returning home to Houston after her tour, she faced and didn’t ultimately win the crown, she did became a licensed aesthetician. get a Facebook shout-out from R.E.I.G.N., the pag- A second tour of duty took Baldwin back to eant’s makeup partner, which honored her “thought Afghanistan, where, using her grandmother’s reme- provoking platform” and called her “a beyond beau- dies and her own experience as inspiration, she ty inspiration to us all.” began to create face and body treatments formulat- The campaign also partners with bloggers who ed with sustainable organic plant oils and extracts. search out cruelty-free cosmetics and personal care She named the line Biao—an acronym for “beautiful products, doing intensive detective work on manu- inside and out”—as a tribute to her grandmother, facturers before making recommendations. On Jen whose care healed not just Baldwin’s skin but her Mathews’ My Beauty Bunny blog, every item is tested self-esteem and confidence. “I am following in her on staff members before being recommended to footsteps,” Baldwin said in an interview with ABC readers. Today, the blog receives 100,000 views a News, “and I’m very glad that at 81 years old she’s month, while 140,000 people follow along on able to see me do this.” Facebook. But Mathews’ reach extends beyond the Baldwin attributes her cruelty-free philosophy known numbers, with the blog winning multiple to her relationship with her childhood pet, a awards and featured in magazines and on television, German shepherd abandoned by his previous own- radio, and websites. ers. After she saved Spicy from choking on a chicken Mathews began supporting in bone, Baldwin says he “followed behind me every- college. “I was one of those college students who where. When I would awake for school, he would be was posting things on billboards all over campus in … my bedroom door. … When I would ask him to and the faculty were constantly taking them down.” get me a newspaper, he would go get it. ... I discov- She would put fliers in her bill pay- ered that animals were so similar to humans. Spicy ment envelopes, “doing everything I could, grass- knew that I had saved his life.” Experiencing this roots, to get the message out. ... Now I’m able to kind of bond, Baldwin couldn’t fathom subjecting take that to the Web.” an animal to the cruelty of testing. FIVE EASY WAYS Prai Beauty, a skincare company founded in TO CELEBRATE BE CRUELTY-FREE WEEK 1999 by HSUS board member Cathy Kangas, shares WHILE MATHEWS’ MISSION is to show consum- its cruelty-free status as a key component of its sales ers that cruelty-free beauty products are high qual- pitch on the home shopping networks where it sells ity, affordable, and widely available, Clerc focuses in the U.S. and six countries. Kangas says a survey within the industry, seeking examples to share with following the product launch found that “the most Connect companies that want to adopt humane business overwhelming thing that excited [customers] … to the cause Support The HSUS’s Be Cruelty-Free models. The strategy, she says, “is to find those com- was it being cruelty-free. It really mattered to 72 USA Campaign by stocking up on panies that have done the right thing from the percent of all of our customers.” makeup bags and more at zazzle. com/hsus. Fund our global work at beginning and prove they can still be profitable; The financial success of Prai, with $30 million in hsi.org/donatetoendanimaltesting. Wthey can innovate without animal testing.” annual sales, and other companies founded on Follow The HSUS’s5 and HSI’s End Animal Testing campaigns on One such company is Biao, whose laboratory humane principles, such as Paul Mitchell, Aubrey Facebook, and check out The HSUS’s Cruelty-Free Board on Pinterest. evaluates skin care compounds for safety using Organics, and Burt’s Bees, clearly demonstrates that technology such as gene chips that allow mass in cruelty-free can be good business—business that vitro cell testing. Founder Nicole Baldwin’s entrepre- the cosmetics industry can no longer profitably neurial journey began as a little girl, when she suf- ignore. “Companies that are still testing on animals fered serious burns on her face, neck, and chest will soon lose money and market shares,” notes after upsetting a pot of boiling water on herself. Her Clerc. And now, the stakes are even higher for those grandmother, who was a nurse at the time, created selling in countries that have taken a stand against a treatment from botanicals and other natural prod- animal testing. “Those companies will see those ucts, using formulas that had been passed down to markets slipping away from them if they don’t

THIS SPREAD, FROM LEFT: HSI; FSTOP/SUPERSTOCK. HSI; LEFT: FROM SPREAD, THIS her from her own mother. move away from animal testing rapidly.”

HUMANESOCIETY.ORG / ALLANIMALS 23