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Labour Traditions Proceedings of the 10Th National Labour History Conference Labour Traditions Proceedings of the 10th National Labour History Conference Held at the University of Melbourne, ICT Building Carlton, 4–6 July 2007 Edited by Julie Kimber, Peter Love and Phillip Deery Australian Society for the Study of Labour History –– Melbourne CONTENTS Welcome vii Full Papers (alphabetically, by first named author) * indicates that the paper has been refereed Rights to welfare and rights to work: challenging dole bludger discourse in the 1970s Verity Archer* 1 A Campaign of Thought Direction: House Journals in Australian Industry Before 1965 Nikola Balnave* 8 Eureka’s impact on Victorian politics: the fight for Democratic Responsible Government in Victoria, 1854-71 Anne Beggs Sunter and Paul Williams* 15 On the Cusp: The Marginalisation of a Coal Mining Community Caught Between Tradition and Modernity Peta Belic* 22 How to create a tradition: the Seamen’s Union and the Great Strike of 1917 Robert Bollard* 29 The IWW in International Perspective: comparing the North American and Australasian Wobblies Verity Burgmann* 36 Rupert Lockwood abroad, 1935-38: genesis of a Cold War journalist Rowan Cahill* 44 Dr Evatt and the Petrov Affair: a reassessment in the light of new evidence Frank Cain* 50 Labor people – 1930s to 1960s Robert Corcoran 56 Asian Airlines: An Early Australian Cold War Mystery Drew Cottle and Angela Keys* 62 ASIO and the Communist Party: New Light on an Old Tradition Phillip Deery* 67 Mal Colston: The worst rat of the lot? Jacqueline Dickenson* 75 Raging against the Machine: Unions and technological change in Australia 1978-1996 Tony Duras* 81 Unions as the Nation: The Israeli and Australian Labour Movements Tim Dymond* 89 ‘No more fit for use than a wax-work image would be for a gas-stoker’: ‘Scabs’ and the cultural politics of late Nineteenth-Century Australian labourism Nick Dyrenfurth* 95 Aristocrats of labour or pioneers of unionism? Traditions of printing unionism in New Zealand: 1860- 1913 Peter Franks 102 iv Labour Traditions From Harvester to Work Choices Ian Harriss and Bill Robbins* 109 Bert Cremean and the Birth of ‘The Movement’ Stephen Holt 114 Was There an Alternative to Liberal Representative Government in 1856? Terry Irving 118 Politics, Pragmatism, and the Platform: The ALP and federal industrial relations powers Tommy Khoshaba and Michael Lyons* 122 Communists, Conservatives and Continuity: The Democratic Labor Party and its Legacy Michael Lyons* 130 H.V. Evatt and the Petrov Defection: A Lawyer’s Interpretation Laurence W Maher* 138 Can unions be an indispensable force for productive performance? Max Ogden 145 Industrial apprenticeships – another dying Labour tradition? Bobbie Oliver* 154 The culture of long working hours Mikael Ottosson and Calle Johan Rosengren 161 Public finance and income redistribution in interwar Australia: towards a class analysis Geoff Robinson* 165 Constructing a tradition of women’s labour: Representing women’s work at the Brisbane Exhibition Joanne Scott* 170 The Gippsland Trades and Labour Council and industrial agency in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria Kathryn Steel* 177 The 1977 State Electricity Commission of Victoria maintenance workers strike Kathryn Steel 185 How was labour divided? Working class politics in the 1940s Jonathan Strauss* 191 Australian Working Class Political History: Towards a Reassessment Jonathan Strauss 198 Reviewing the 1937 Spanish Civil War debate at the University of Melbourne 70 years on Fay Woodhouse* 202 Abstracts Losing the lessons of the past Yossi Berger 207 The Union Defence Campaign Brian Boyd 207 Which side are you on? Women versus the steel giants in Canada and Australia: songs of struggle, stories of sectarianism and solidarity Diana Covell 207 v Fanning Discontents Flames: Australian Wobbly Poetry, Scurrilous Doggerel, and Song 1914-2007 Margaret Creagh and Peter Riley 208 Who was Miss E. Mulcahy? an argument for biographical research Wendy Dick 208 From Robe River to Work Choices Bradon Ellem 208 Art in Working Life Paddy Garrity 208 ‘I’m a printer’…but what does that mean? The social impacts of technological change within the newspaper industry Paula Geldens and Jessica Tatham-Thompson 209 Michael Savage Gerard Hill 209 ‘Prison before Slavery!’ Ship’s Desertion and Incarceration as Industrial Tactics on the Australian Waterfront, 1890s to 1930s Paul Jones 209 ‘They Came to Australia With the World’s Largest Shovel!’: The SUA’s Campaign Against Utah Diane Kirkby 210 Trade Unions and Beyond: A Comparative Biographical Study of the Leadership of Harry Bridges, Ted Roach and Jack Mundey Harry Knowles and Greg Mallory 210 Variations on an Antipodean Theme? The Labo(u)r Party in Australia and New Zealand Compared Ray Markey 210 Historical Patterns of Participation and Safety: BHP at Port Kembla, 1935-1996 Ray Markey and Greg Patmore 211 Labour and the nuclear option Sigrid McCausland 211 Popcorn, Pickets, Cellphones and Brass-bands: Organising Young Workers in the Cinema Industry 2003-2006 Grace Millar 212 Sydney’s ‘Power without Glory’: the Fitzpatrick- Browne affair as an event in labour politics during the Cold War Andrew Moore 212 How Can Unions Make Themselves Indispensable? Max Ogden 212 Labour Traditions: Is the Your Rights At Work campaign challenging our labour traditions? Jeannie Rea 212 Late Communism and late social democracy: Indian Communism today Geoff Robinson 213 The Sofinsky Affair: Anti-communism in New Zealand Lisa Sacksen 214 vi Labour Traditions An Australian labour tradition of interest in Scandinavia Andrew Scott 214 Intimidation, solidarity and the 1998 waterfront dispute Chris Sheil 214 Lessons from the 2006 Beaconsfield Mine Rescue Bill Shorten 215 Respect not Relief: Feminism, Guild Socialism and the Guild Hall Commune in Melbourne 1917 Judith Smart 215 Guido Baracchi and Marxist continuity Jeff Sparrow 215 Berry, Berryism and the early Victorian Labor Party Paul Strangio 215 ‘New Zealand’s Road to Socialism? the CPNZ and the New Zealand Political Tradition’ Kerry Taylor 216 ‘What Can Women Do?’: Female Political Activism on the Ballarat Diggings in the mid-1850s Clare Wright 216 FILMS 217 About the contributors 218 vii WELCOME We would like to acknowledge the East Kulin Nation who are the traditional owners of the country on which we gather for this conference. On behalf of the labour movement in Melbourne, we welcome you to the 10th National Labour History Conference. The Australian Society for the Study of Labour History’s Melbourne Branch is proud of its close association with the wider movement. Indeed, this Conference is sponsored by the Trades Hall Council and several affiliate unions, as well as the University of Melbourne and Swinburne University of Technology. Our collective exploration of Labour Traditions is led by a mix of activists and academics. In the nature of the Labour History Society, most of our members are proudly both. This conference occurs at a historical moment when the labour movement is at a crossroad, as organised labour confronts a sustained attack from militant employers and a truculent Federal Government. It is, therefore, especially timely to consider the movement’s traditions. These traditions are more than merely memories of a shared past; they also contain sources of reflection and inspiration for present and future struggles. The breadth of our interests is evident from the programme and embodied in the papers printed here. The people and organisations who have helped us get here are too many to list individually. They can rejoice in both our gratitude and the modesty of their anonymity. However, on behalf of the Organising Committee, we wish to thank the following for their support in different ways: Joy Damousi, Jackie Dickenson, Terry Irving, Gabrielle Murphy, Judith Smart and Margaret Walters. We also wish to single out one group who are necessarily anonymous: the referees. Academic refereeing of conference papers is a necessary but thankless task. You know who you are and we thank you. We did not request referees to correct stylistic imperfections in these papers and, as editors, we have allowed authors some stylistic variations. Julie Kimber, Peter Love and Phillip Deery July 2007. Editors’ note on the second edition: these conference proceedings have been reprinted to rectify typographical errors that were introduced into some of the papers during the production process. The contents otherwise remain the same. JK, PD, PL. December 2008. viii Labour Traditions 1 Rights to welfare and rights to work: challenging dole bludger discourse in the 1970s Verity Archer* This paper will examine the response of pro-welfare-state actors to the dole bludger discursive frame that emerged in the 1970s. It will argue two things. First, that the depletion of pro-welfare-state influence within the institutions of media and parliament enabled the construction of a New Right frame within which the debate about the welfare state took place. This resulted in a New Right colonization of Keynesian and left- wing discourses about the suffering of the poor, thereby disabling them as left-wing pro-welfare discourses. Second, it will draw on Barbara Hobson’s work on collective identities in political claim-making1 to argue that while pro-welfare advocates lacked the institutional resources dominated by the New Right, the erection of collective identities which drew the unemployed into larger ‘mainstream’ cognitive frames offered the possibility for effective resistance. The major example of this is a socialist discourse that framed the unemployed as part of a larger ‘worker’ constituency. This discourse threatened to undermine the New Right frame by creating its own ‘mainstream’ constituency committed to ‘workers rights’ and the ‘right to work’ which cut across and undermined the New Right’s ‘taxpayer’ constituency and shifted the debate outside of taxpayer versus dole bludger dichotomy. An examination of this discourse will offer insight into the possibilities for Left-wing mobilisation around the issue of unemployment. Liberal rights and empowerment for the poor: ‘Whitlam era’ discourses and policies In the late 1960s and early 70s a ‘rediscovery of poverty’ occurred in Australia.
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