DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Geography No 33 FINAL.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Geography No 33 FINAL.Indd KRISTIN L. MERCER AND JOEL D. WAINWRIGHT Science in ‘the storm’: Refections on politics and plant sciences today Kristin L. Mercer Department of Horticulture & Crop Sciences Ohio State University Joel D. Wainwright Department of Geography Ohio State University Abstract ¿Cuáles son las responsabilidades de los científcos frente a nuestra crisis planetaria? En 2016, los zapatis- What constitutes science? What is the relation tas de Chiapas organizaron un evento para refexionar between scientifc practice and capitalist modernity? y discutir la práctica y la política de la ciencia. Este What are the responsibilities of scientists in the face of documento, basado en un guión de una presentación our planetary crisis? In 2016 the Zapatistas of Chiapas en el evento, retoma estas preguntas, partiendo del organized an event to refect upon and discuss the pensamiento radical y la flosofía de la ciencia para practice and politics of science. Tis paper — based considerar la ciencia en nuestra coyuntura actual. on a script of a presentation at the event — takes up these questions, drawing from radical thought Palabras clave: Ciencia, Política, Ciencias and philosophy of science to consider science in our vegetales, ConCiencias, Capitalismo present conjuncture. 1. Introduction Key Words: science, politics, plant sciences, Con- Ciencias, capitalism [O]ur idea is neither to teach nor to ‘show’, but to provoke… to incite thought. La ciencia en "la tormenta": Refexiones sobre SupGaleano, Critical Tought in the Face of the política y ciencias vegetales en la actualidad Capitalist Hydra Resumen What we call science today may be conceptualized in several distinct ways.1 Te common-sense concep- ¿Qué constituye la ciencia? ¿Cuál es la relación tion, in which science is a rarefed feld of discovery entre la práctica científca y la modernidad capitalista? 1Tis paper was initially prepared in Spanish for an invited presentation to the Zapatistas of Chiapas. Kristen Mercer was honored with an invitation to give a presentation at the frst Zapatistas ConCiencias event in 2016. Kristen Mercer invited Joel Wainwright to join in the preparation of the script for the presentation, which is presented here in translation and with amendments. Te paper’s polemical tone refects the emergence of our text as a script for an oral presentation before a non-academic, political audience. Since the Zapatistas ConCiencias brought scientists together with Zapatistas to refect upon and discuss the practice and politics of science, we decided to focus our presentation on the political economy of agricultural research amidst what the Zapatistas call ‘the storm’: the present global economic, ecological and political crisis. We selected this topic because of our expertise and because we were responding to questions posed by the Zapatistas (ELZN 2015) in their call for a renewed, radical analysis of science. We were particularly inspired by three questions: “Do scientists wonder if they are doing science or something else? Do you do research and advance solely motivated by scientifc curiosity? And, is the paradise-like island of scientifc endeavor safe from the storm?” Volume 11, Number 3 2018 1 SCIENCE IN ‘THE STORM’ dominated by men and mathematics, is the wrong to facing these questions. We also share the recogni- starting point. If instead we begin — as some liberal tion that scientists alone cannot create the conditions philosophers of science do — by defning science necessary for a science that genuinely serves humanity. as a specifc set of practices (for instance, positivist- empiricist epistemology and/or hypothesis-testing) Tis is how we understand the premise of the then science can legitimately be defned as a modern events that the Zapatistas of Chiapas have hosted, phenomenon. Tis liberal position may be criticized namely ConCiencias por la Humanidad (hearafter from a more radical and historical perspective. For one ConCiencias). Te name provided for this event, thing, the liberal view easily slides into the (false) thesis translated most immediately as ‘With the Sciences for that ‘science is modernity’ or the even-more-dangerous Humanity’, can be understood as a call for a science thesis that ‘science is Western.’ On these lands we that is radically conscientious and just (Sp. ‘concienca’ now call ‘Chiapas’ (and we should never forget that means ‘conscience’). Te pair of ConCiencias meetings these lands were given other names long ago) people in 2016 and 2017 brought scientists of many nations shaped maize over millennia; built cities with complex and disciplines together with Zapatistas to improve astronomical reference-points; calculated with the use science literacy and practice in Zapatista communities of zero; and so on. By any meaningful conception of while also stimulating dialogue about how science science, people in Chiapas have been thinking scien- for humanity could serve as a “key column to build tifcally for as long as they have been here: longer than a new world, better, more democratic, fair and free” there has been a ‘Chiapas.’ (Moises and Galeano, 2016, p. 1). Such discussion is especially important in the face of what Zapatistas call Tis raises a question that seems simple but proves ‘the storm’ (see Reyes 2015): global social, economic, to be quite complex in its dimensions: how can we and ecological crisis. Te talks by the scientists at afrm science as a universal phenomenon — where ConCiencias address their scientifc practice and science is available to all — but also defne it in some fndings, of course, but also thought on the intersec- way that distinguishes it from simply thinking, or tions of science, society, capitalism, and the storm. looking carefully at the world? It requires that we histo- ConCiencias, therefore, refects a demand for a dis- ricize science, that is, that we grasp the long history of tinctive practice of science as well as a provocation to science, in all its variations, while also taking account revisit our conception of science. of the specifc ways science has been both extended and deformed through capitalist modernity. Empha- Contrary to the common sense and liberal concep- sizing capitalist modernity is essential, for two broad tions of science, we argue that we can grasp science as reasons. First, the political-economy of capitalism has a social process that reduces the not-known through deeply infuenced the form and activity of scientifc creative questioning and the critical comparison of practice. Second, the fourishing of the sciences has results. So understood, science is neither modern played an essential role in deepening capitalist social nor Western, but universal or at least universally relations. possible, though not always enacted. When practiced, science means reasoning in collective-critical fashion. Nevertheless, those who criticize capitalism Consider the practices we associate with science should not reject science per se. To do so is not only to today: comparing data, citing other work, ‘peer commit to anti-scientifc reasoning. It is also to give up review’, and so on. Tese are formal ways of building on the radical potential inherent in scientifc practice. claims together.2 It is on this ground — the ‘collective’ Tus, it is important to consider how and under what character of science — that we can fend for science’s conditions science could advance the radical aims of distinctiveness, for it is what allows scientifc reasoning subaltern social groups. We share the commitment to be defned as universal (anyone can do it!), but also 2 In adopting this view, we draw from Antonio Gramsci’s prison notes on science (see Gramsci 1979, 1995). On Gramsci’s conception of science, see Wainwright and Mercer (2009), Nieto-Galan (2011) and Antonini (2014). On the virtues of Gramsci political ecology, see Mann (2009). 2 Human Geography KRISTIN L. MERCER AND JOEL D. WAINWRIGHT specifc (the validity of a specifc claim is determined there has been an intensifcation of pressures on by comparison of results, peer review, and so on, scientists since the consolidation of neoliberalism4, within a specifc network). Science is not a thing at all, the fundamental demands of science by capital have but a conception of the world. Te distinctiveness of this changed little since capitalism took hold of Western conception of the world lies in its manner of testing Europe in the 1700s. What has changed in the claims through negation, through reasoning with an neoliberal era is not the essential character of capital other, i.e., through reasoning socially. Te public pre- nor of science but their interrelation. Te change we sentation of evidence to others to substantiate claims recognize in their interrelation — which has brought is fundamental; science is validated socially. No one us to a point where it seems like science has ‘become proves anything alone. Even the accomplishments of neoliberal’ — has not been driven by changes in geniuses are only marginal elaborations of humanity’s the nature of science per se but rather in its political knowledge. economy. To put it briefy, we could say that the role of science in capitalism has changed as a consequence Here, we unfold our argument in three steps. First, of three fundamental processes, each unfolding on we refect upon science, modernity, and the political diferent temporal rhythms. economy of capitalism. We examine how science in the modern university has been formed by the state First, there is long, slow process by which the and capitalism over three distinct epochs (we live in technical side of production (machinery and compu- the third, the ‘neoliberal’ era of capitalist history). tation) has grown relative to labor power. Marx (1867) Second, we focus on the particular feld of science — calls this ratio of living labor to machines the “organic agronomy and agroecology — with which we have the composition of capital”; the extreme point of the ratio, most direct knowledge and in the country and context which capital is driven toward, is a world where all the in which we primarily operate: in US agricultural production is done by robots; that these robots would research universities.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Michael Polanyi and Early Neoliberalism
    MICHAEL POLANYI AND EARLY NEOLIBERALISM Martin Beddeleem Keywords: Friedrich Hayek, Louis Rougier, Michael Polanyi, Mont-Pèlerin Society, neoliberalism, planning, Walter Lippmann ABSTRACT1 Between the late 1930s and the 1950s, Michael Polanyi came in close contact with a diverse cast of intellectuals seeking a renewal of the liberal doctrine. The elaboration of this “neoliberalism” happened through a transnational collaboration between economists, philosophers, and social theorists, united in their rejection of central planning. Defining a common agenda for this “early neoliberalism” offered an opportunity to discard the old laissez-faire doctrine and restore a supervisory role of the state. Ultimately, post-war dissensions regarding the direction of these efforts led Polanyi away from the neoliberal core. Between the publication of his pamphlet on the failures of economic planning in the Soviet Union in 1936 (CF, 61-95) and that of The Logic of Liberty in 1951, Michael Polanyi progressively lost interest in chemistry and started to investigate the political and sociological conditions necessary to scientific freedom and the pursuit of truth. During that time, he became involved with a group of scholars who, equally, perceived the democratic collapse of Europe as a wake-up call for a restatement of its liberal tradition. Whereas the values of individual dignity and social progress that liber- alism carried were needed then more than ever, they agreed that the method to achieve these ideals had become obsolete. Therefore, they focused their efforts on revamping a science of liberalism, which could answer the scientific claims of plannism and totalitar- ian ideologies. Tradition & Discovery: The Journal of the Polanyi Society 45:3 © 2019 by the Polanyi Society 31 For two decades, Michael Polanyi took part in the inception and the consolida- tion of “early neoliberalism” (Schulz-Forberg 2018; Beddeleem 2019), a period that predates the later development of neoliberalism from the 1960s onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Method of Antinomies: Oakeshott and Others Others and Oakeshott Antinomies: of Method the VOLUME 6 | ISSUE 1 + 2 2018 6 | ISSUE VOLUME
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Philosophy Faculty Publications Philosophy 2018 The ethoM d of Antinomies: Oakeshott nda Others Stephen Turner University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/phi_facpub Scholar Commons Citation Turner, Stephen, "The eM thod of Antinomies: Oakeshott nda Others" (2018). Philosophy Faculty Publications. 309. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/phi_facpub/309 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Method of Antinomies: Oakeshott and Others STEPHEN TURNER Email: [email protected] Web: http://philosophy.usf.edu/faculty/sturner/ Abstract: Michael Oakeshott employed a device of argument and analysis that appears in a number of other thinkers, where it is given the name “antinomies.” These differ from binary oppositions or contradictories in that the two poles are bound to- gether. In this discussion, the nature of this binding is explored in detail, in large part in relation to Oakeshott’s own usages, such as his discussion of the relation of faith and skepticism, between collective goal-oriented associations and those based on contract, and between a legal regime based on neutral rules and one oriented to policy goals . Other examples might include Weber’s distinction between the politics of intention and the politics of responsibility. Moreover, such ambiguous concepts as “rights,” have antinomic interpretations. In each of these cases, the full realization of one ideal led, in practice, to consequenc- es associated with the other: in political practice, neither polar ideal was realizable without concessions to the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Heineman: Authority and the Liberal Tradition: Study Guide
    Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 2003 Robert Heineman: Authority and the Liberal Tradition: Study Guide Steven Alan Samson Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Samson, Steven Alan, "Robert Heineman: Authority and the Liberal Tradition: Study Guide" (2003). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 233. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/233 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROBERT HEINEMAN: AUTHORITY AND THE LIBERAL TRADITION: STUDY GUIDE, 2001-2003 Steven Alan Samson Introduction Commentary and Study Questions The author's thesis may be summarized as follows: "Contemporary American liberalism is incapable of supporting for any sustained period of time a government that acts with firmness and coherent direction." Several implications are immediately drawn. Others may be inferred. Liberalism has promoted a "tremendous expansion of government within the past several decades," resulting in a "government lacking in authority and direction." One inference is that our political means (the sophisticated apparatus and process of government) outstrip the political ends (the substantive human purposes) they are supposed to serve. Remember Rushdoony's inescapable concepts]. Sometimes political programs are established for no better reason than that they can be.
    [Show full text]
  • "The New Non-Science of Politics: on Turns to History in Polltical Sciencen
    "The New Non-Science of Politics: On Turns to History in Polltical Sciencen Rogers Smith CSST Working CRSO Working Paper #59 Paper #449 October 1990 The New Non-Science of Politics : On Turns to Historv in Political Science Prepared for the CSST Conference on "The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences" Oct. 5-7, 1990 Ann Arbor, Michigan Rogers M. Smith Department of Political Science Yale University August, 1990 The New Non-Science of Po1itic.s Rogers M. Smit-h Yale University I. Introducticn. The canon of major writings on politics includes a considerable number that claim to offer a new science of politics, or a new science of man that encompasses politics. Arlc,totle, Hobbos, Hume, Publius, Con~te,Bentham, Hegel, Marx, Spencer, Burgess, Bentley, Truman, East.on, and Riker are amongst the many who have clairr,ed, more or less directly, that they arc founding or helping to found a true palitical science for the first tlme; and the rccent writcrs lean heavily on the tcrni "science. "1 Yet very recently, sorno of us assigned the title "political scien:iSt" havc been ti-il-ning returning to act.ivities that many political scientist.^, among others, regard as unscientific--to the study of instituti~ns, usually in historical perspective, and to historica! ~a'lternsand processes more broadly. Some excellent scholars belie-ve this turn is a disast.er. It has been t.ernlod a "grab bag of diverse, often conf!icting approaches" that does not offer anything iike a scientific theory (~kubband Moe, 1990, p. 565) .2 In this essay I will argue that the turn or return t.o institutions and history is a reasonable response to two linked sets of probicms.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighting for the Mantle of Science: the Epistemological Foundations of Neoliberalism, 1931-1951
    Université de Montréal Fighting for the Mantle of Science: The Epistemological Foundations of Neoliberalism, 1931-1951 par Martin Beddeleem Département de science politique Faculté des arts et des sciences Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiæ Doctor (Ph.D.) en science politique Décembre 2017 © Martin Beddeleem, 2017 RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse examine la genèse intellectuelle du néolibéralisme au prisme de son épistémologie. Elle interroge le développement de ses arguments concernant la production et la diffusion de la connaissance, guidée par l’hypothèse que la formulation d’une position épistémologique commune a été cruciale pour la consolidation de son programme idéologique. Je propose que le néolibéralisme, en provoquant une rupture avec le libéralisme classique, a opéré un recodage des principes libéraux à l’intérieur d’un cadre épistémologique basé sur le conventionnalisme, à l’aide de prémisses tirées des sciences naturelles, de la théorie économique, et de la philosophie des sciences. Afin d’obtenir un panorama contextuel de son émergence, cette thèse fournit une reconstruction des débats intellectuels des années 1930 en Angleterre sur deux plans principaux : le débat sur la planification de la science, et celui sur la planification de l’économie. Dans un climat propice aux idées planistes, perçues comme davantage rationnelles et scientifiques, les néolibéraux précoces s’attelèrent à montrer la portée limitée de la science positive pour orienter les décisions politiques. La montée du totalitarisme contribua à donner à leur discours une urgence singulière, puisqu’il expliquait le recours au collectivisme étatique par la prégnance d’opinions scientifiques erronées. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la formation d’un réseau néolibéral déclencha une fertilisation croisée entre ces différents penseurs, dont l’agenda commun avait été défini au moment du Colloque Walter-Lippmann en 1938.
    [Show full text]
  • Crises of Modernity’ Discourses and the Rise of Financial Technologies in a Contested Mechanized World
    Philos. Technol. DOI 10.1007/s13347-017-0255-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access ‘Crises of Modernity’ Discourses and the Rise of Financial Technologies in a Contested Mechanized World Marinus Ossewaarde1 Received: 29 April 2016 /Accepted: 26 February 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The aim of this article is to provide a discussion of scholarly ‘crisis of modernity’ discourses that have developed in the field of social philosophy. Re- visiting past and present discourses can be illuminating in at least three ways: it can reveal the broader picture of the present financialized and technologized world and the rise of financial technologies; it can provide scholars with new vocabularies, concepts, and metaphors to comprehend present-day phenomena and developments; and it can reveal the variety of commitments that are possible, today, too. This article starts with a discussion of the original ‘crisis of modernity’ discourses (avant la lettre), in which the clashing arguments of Comte and Tocqueville are featured, and a discussion of a second ‘crisis of modernity’ that developed in the context of the ‘Great Depression.’ Athird‘crisis of modernity’ discourse emerged in the wake of the financial crises of the 1970s. Such crises are still ongoing and discussed within the boundaries of the third ‘crisis of modernity’ discourse. How financial technologies do and do not fit within this third discourse is discussed in the remainder of this article. Keywords Crisis . Democracy. Financialization . Financial technologies . Ideology. Mechanization modernity discourses 1 Introduction In discourses on the ‘crises of modernity’ during the past two centuries, technology is an important theme for philosophical reflection.
    [Show full text]
  • Nine Lives of Neoliberalism
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) Book — Published Version Nine Lives of Neoliberalism Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) (2020) : Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, ISBN 978-1-78873-255-0, Verso, London, New York, NY, https://www.versobooks.com/books/3075-nine-lives-of-neoliberalism This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/215796 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative
    [Show full text]
  • University of Nevada Reno the Loss of the Philosophic Tradition and The
    University of Nevada Reno The Loss of the Philosophic Tradition and the Rise of the Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Diana Jonmarie Dr. John Marini / Dissertation Advisor May, 2015 Copyright by Diana Jonmarie 2015 All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA THE GRADUATE SCHOOL RENO We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by DIANA JONMARIE entitled The Loss of the Philosophic Tradition and The Rise of the Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY John Marini, Ph.D., Advisor Eric Herzik, Ph.D., Committee Member Robert Dickens, Ph.D., Committee Member Neal Ferguson, Ph.D., Committee Member Barbara Walker, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2015 i ABSTRACT This study examines the loss of original principles that distinguish ancient Western philosophy as a valid conceptual framework for political theory and practice. I explore how the Philosophic Tradition as a centuries-old foundation of inquiry and discourse loses its significance and finally its authority in the postmodern world. With the exclusion of metaphysical reflection and reason as a basis for understanding human existential and political phenomena, the transition to Historicism and Philosophic Positivism effectively redefined the nature and application of politics. Critical to this research and serving as a focal point of this study are the works of theorist and originator of the Positive Philosophy, Auguste Comte. I analyze the author‘s several volumes, these dedicated to establishing a new foundation of political thought, one in which scientific inquiry would serve as the ground for seeking truth and knowledge and as a basis for methodologically directing social and political reorganization.
    [Show full text]
  • Rationalism in Public Law
    Graham Gee and Grégoire C. N. Webber Rationalism in public Law Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Gee, Graham and Webber, Grégoire C. N. (2013) Rationalism in public Law. Modern Law Review, 76 (4). pp. 708-734. ISSN 0026-7961 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2230.12031 © 2013 The Authors This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/47608/ Available in LSE Research Online: August 2014 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Rationalism in Public Law Graham Gee * and Grégoire Webber ** (2013) 76 Modern Law Review 708 Abstract Rationalism is ‘the stylistic criterion of all respectable politics’. So lamented political philosopher Michael Oakeshott in a series of essays published in the 1940s and 1950s. Rationalism, for Oakeshott, is shorthand for a propensity to prioritise the universal over the local, the uniform over the particular and, ultimately, principle over practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Tilburg University the Conservative
    Tilburg University The conservative embrace of progressive values Oudenampsen, Merijn Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Oudenampsen, M. (2018). The conservative embrace of progressive values: On the intellectual origins of the swing to the right in Dutch politics. [s.n.]. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. okt. 2021 The conservative embrace of progressive values On the intellectual origins of the swing to the right in Dutch politics The conservative embrace of progressive values On the intellectual origins of the swing to the right in Dutch politics PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan Tilburg University op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. E.H.L. Aarts, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op vrijdag 12 januari 2018 om 10.00 uur door Merijn Oudenampsen geboren op 1 december 1979 te Amsterdam Promotor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine on a Grand Scale”: Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism, and the Public Health
    “Medicine on a Grand Scale”: Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism, and the Public Health Ian F McNeely The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London Occasional Publication, No. 1 ISBN 0-85484-082-6 © The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2002 © Ian F. McNeely, 2014 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any way or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission. Cover: Photograph of Rudolf Virchow by W Fechner, Wellcome Library, London. Used by permission. Contents Acknowledgements 4 Chapter 1 Medicine, Politics, and Liberalism in the Career of Rudolf Virchow 5 Chapter 2 Virchow’s Revolutionary Years: Medicine and Politics as Liberal Social Science 12 Chapter 3 Virchow and the Canalization of Berlin: the Promise of Urban Liberalism 32 Chapter 4 Virchow in Parliament: the Frustrations of National Health Politics 50 Chapter 5 Virchow and the Legacy of German Liberalism 64 Abbreviations 70 Notes 71 Bibliography 88 Index 95 Acknowledgements This little book originated as my 1992 honours thesis at Harvard. I thank the Wellcome Trust Centre for enabling me to publish it, in updated form, ten years later. I would also like to recognize those who encouraged me, personally and intellectually, along the way: Jeff Richter, Nathan Stoltzfus, Kevin Bolan, Michael Sang Yun Kim, Bob Berle, Patricia Lynch, John Patterson, Andrew Scull, and Lisa Wolverton. The Harvard Center for European Studies generously funded my research in Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Nature
    POLITICS OF NATURE POLITICS OF NATURE How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy ▲▲▲ Bruno Latour Translated by Catherine Porter HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2004 Copyright © 2004 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This book was originally published as Politiques de la nature, by Editions La Découverte, Paris. library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Latour, Bruno. [Politiques de la nature. English] Politics of nature : how to bring the sciences into democracy / Bruno Latour ; translated by Catherine Porter. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-674-01289-5 (cloth) — ISBN 0-674-01347-6 (pbk.) 1. Political ecology. I. Title. JA75.8.L3813 2004 320.5′8—dc22 2003057134 For Isabelle Stengers, Vinciane Despret, and David Western, three true practitioners of cosmopolitics Acknowledgments The French Ministry of the Environment, through its Division of Studies and Research, has generously supported this unconventional basic research project that aimed from the outset at the production of a book (contract no. 96060). It goes without saying that the ministry is in no way responsible for the result. I have benefited throughout from the indispensable support of Claude Gilbert, whose liaison work made it possible to create a French environment conducive to original re- search on collective risk. I thank the students of the London School of Economics, and especially Noortje Marres, for helping me during two courses I taught there on the politics of nature and for giving this en- terprise its definitive form. I am immensely grateful to the experts who first agreed to put my drafts to the test, especially Marie-Angèle Hermitte, Gérard de Vries, and Laurent Thévenot.
    [Show full text]