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Determination of Water Quality Index for Brahmani River in Terms Of International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-6, April 2019 Determination of Water Quality Index for Brahmani River in terms of Physico-Chemical Parameters for suitability of drinking purpose Himanshu Sekhar Rath , Mira Das, U.N .Dash travels southward through the districts of Sundergarh, Abstract: In this paper, the water quality standard of Brahmani Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, and Kendrapara and River, the second largest river of Odisha, is determined using the eventually flows in to Bay of Bengal. It makes the lifeline of Water Quality Index. Water samples were collected monthly from the inhabitants of those districts. Major industries like nine sampling stations during June -2013 to May-2014, and various parameters were taken into consideration such as pH, EC Rourkela manufacturing plant (RSP) at Rourkela, National , biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, the aluminum Company ( NALCO) at Anugul and therefore the concentration of hydrogen ions, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, approaching industries like Bhusan manufacturing plant and phosphates, nitrates, chlorides, total hardness, electrical therefore the Kalinga Nagar Industrial advanced within the conductivity and alkalinity. The water quality index considered as district of Jajpur ar beat the bank of Brahmani watercourse, a metric are good for drinking at the stations one, three, five, six, that is taken into account collectively of the India’s necessary and nine and poor at station four. The study highlights the significance of make use of the water quality standards at every industrial areas better-known for ore mining, production, station to preserve the river quality. power generation, cement production and alternative Index Terms: Water Quality Index, Total Hardness, Dissolved connected activities. Therefore Brahmani watercourse is Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Solids joined by many drains caring industrial effluents, town wastes and mining residues. As water is one the foremost basic wants I. INTRODUCTION of the habitants, its characteristic should be studied before Human life and living things in nature cannot survive use. This study aims at finding out the presence of trace and without water. Water is one of the important element of life. unhealthful significant metals. Significant metals and bimetal So conservation of water as well as pollution free is one of the parts are present in the river water that are extremely major aspect of research. Water can be treated in form of unhealthy and might cause damage to humans even at low quantity and quality. Poor water quality indirectly creates concentrations. water borne diseases like cholera and jaundice. The Brahmani represent a major seasonal stream in the Odisha state. The II. MATERIALS AND METHODS meeting of two rivers Sankh and South Koel generate into Water samples were collected monthly, from June -2013 to Brahmani river and flows through the districts of Sundargarh, May-2014 from nine completely different stations as Deogarh, Angul, Dhenkanal, Cuttack, Jajapur, and mentioned Figure.1, in clean and dry polyethylene bottles. Kendrapara. Brahmani along with the rivers Mahanadi and The water samples were collected and preserved for testing of Baitarani. An outsized delta is created before flowing into the varied parameters at 10 degree Celsius throughout the Bay of Bengal Sea. As a result , a large population of Odisha amount of qualitative analysis. The water samples were depends upon the Brahmani river for drinking as well as analyzed in the Chemical Laboratory, using the standard irrigation purpose. The basin is thick in natural resources methods [1]. The hydrogen ion concentration and Dissolved ore,coal and rock.The present study aims at detecting the gas of water samples were measured now once sampling at the quality of water across the Brahmani River in respect of sector itself. Samples were subjected to filtration before physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. qualitative analysis. The determination of TDS was done by hydrometric method whereas the whole hardness was dole out The study is meted out in Brahmani watercourse that is that by EDTA complexometric volumetric analysis methodology the second largest watercourse of Odisha is additionally one [1].The Winkler’s alkali iodide azide methodology was amongst the foremost necessary terra firma watercourse followed for the estimation of DO and physique. Nitrate was systems in India. The point at which two rivers Koel and resolute quantitative analysis procedure [1-2] fecal coliform Sankh meet at Vedvyasa close to Rourkela within the district population was analyzed by MPN /100 mil methodology by of Sundergarh provides rise to the watercourse Brahmani. It growing on M-FC medium at temperature forty four degree Celsius and counted once forty eight hours. Revised Manuscript Received on April 06, 2019. Himanshu Sekhar Rath, Department of Chemistry,Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University/ ITER/ BBSR, India. Dr.U.N.Dash, Retired Professor Department of Chemistry,Vani Vihar University/ BBSR, India. Dr.Mira Das, Department of Chemistry, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University/ ITER/ BBSR, India. Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F3131048619/19©BEIESP 613 & Sciences Publication Determination of Water Quality Index for Brahmani River in terms of Physico-Chemical Parameters for suitability of drinking purpose Table 1: Different laboratory methods used to determine the water quality parameters. Sl.No Water Unit Method used Place Quality Parameter 1 BOD in mg/l Winkler’s Alkali Iodide-azide Method Laboratory sample 2 TDS amount mg/l Thermostatic oven Laboratory in sample 3 pH of water pH WTW portable multi-meter-340i in situ sample unit s 4 DO of water mg/l Winkler’s Alkali Iodide-azide Method in situ sample 5 Amount of MP M-FC Medium at Temperature 44.5o C In Laboratory Faecal N/1 Coliform 00m present in l water sample 6 Amount of mg/l Colorimeteric process In Laboratory NO3- 7 Cl- mg/l Silver Nitrate Titration Method In Laboratory 8 SO42- mg/l 9 Conductivity mho WTW portable multi-meter 340i in situ /cm 10 Ca2+ mg/l Titration with EDTA-2Na and EBT as In Laboratory an indicator. 11 Mg2+ mg/l Titration with EDTA-2Na and EBT as In Laboratory an indicator. 12 Na+ mg/l In Laboratory 13 K+ mg/l In Laboratory III. SAMPLING AND SELECTION PARAMETERS Samples of river water were taken in polythene bags at different stations across the river in each month from June -2013 to May-2014. Water for drinking purpose is determined with the help of water quality index. Rapid urbanization of the cities along the river side has tremendous effect on the water resources and thereby disturbing the ecosystem. Faecal contamination has become a major risk to human health those leaving across the river side. In some countries there hazards occur associated with specific chemical contaminants such as arsenic produced from left over industrial wastes considerably with time. The potential for fecal contamination in untreated or inadequately treated. The minimum level of analysis ought to be done to test for indicators of faecal pollution. Various parameters are taken into consideration Figure 1: Different Stations of Brahmani River Basin in during the process. Odisha. A. Water Quality Index Water of hand dug wells of Nigeria are found to be contaminated by coliforms and nitrate when assessed using water quality index [9]. Water quality index (WQI) provides data concerning water quality in a single worth. WQI determines the adverse effect of different parameters in water Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F3131048619/19©BEIESP 614 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-6, April 2019 pollution amount on the overall quality of water [4-5]. Water K quality index can be measured in terms of physico chemical Wj (2) and biological indices [5]. The physico-chemical indices area Sj unit supported the values of numerous physico-chemical parameters in a water sample, whereas biological indices area T WjQj (3) unit derived from the biological data. Here try has been made n to calculate the water quality index of the study space based T WQI mostly on physico-chemical parameters such as BOD, TDS, n (4) pH, DO and alkalinity. Twenty two parameters are taken into j1 Wj consideration of water quality index to assess the quality of ground water and a measure of correlation factor determines j1 the significance of relationship between the parameters[3].The water quality of Chilika lagoon was where, is the rating of the jth parameter, is the unit weight of monitored during pre-monsoons and post-monsoon periods the jth parameter, n is the number of parameters concerned which shows the concentration of TDS and salt in permissible with quality of drinking water, is the value of the parameter limit increases during pre-monsoon time[10].In this in each sample monitored during laboratory process, is the paper[11],different parameters such as pH, TDS, EC, BOD ideal-value and is the standard-value of the jth parameter. and DO are monitored to determine the water quality index of The weightage unit of each parameter was calculated a value thirty-four water bodies along the Faridpur-Barishal road in inversely proportional to the standard of the World Health Bangladesh. Organization (Si) World Health Organization, 2011[12][7]. Table 2 shows the calculated range of WQI value of water (Mj Lj) Qj (1) suitable for different purposes as stated by Shweta et al. [5]. (Sj Lj) Table 2: Water Quality Index for drinking purpose. Range values of WQI Quality of Water WQI less than equals to 25 Excellent for drinking WQI between 26 and 50 Good for drinking WQI between 51 and 75 Poor for drinking WQI between 76 and 100 Very Poor quality for drinking WQI greater than 100 Unsuitable for drinking purpose Table 3:1st Station-Tilga B.
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