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Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 12, Issue, 03 (B), pp. 41266-41269, March, 2021 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW STUDY ON WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND ITS POLLUTION TO ABET THE CHALLENGES OF MAHANADI AND ITS TRIBUTARIES IN ODISHA DISTT Sarada Prasad Swain1, Pushpanjali Nishank2, Varindra Kumar3, Sidhant Sekhar Mohapatra4, Pranati Mishra5, Sadasib Rout6 and Babita Kumari7 1,6Department of Civil Engineering, Sophitorium Engineering College, Khorda, Odisha-752060 7Department of Biotechnology, Sophitorium Institute of Technology and Life Skills, Khorda, Odisha-752060 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2021.1203.5857 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The river pollution is a serious concern environmental threat in India today. Since Decades, Mahanadi, one of India's major rivers in the East-Central belt flows through the states of Odisha and Received 10th December, 2020 nd Chhattisgarh. Discharge of municipal sewage, industrial sewage and biomedical waste has reduced Received in revised form 2 the river to a polluted mess in several parts of Odisha. The discharge of municipal sewage, industrial January, 2021 effluents and biomedical waste into the Mahanadi seems to raise concerns authority about Accepted 26th February, 2021 th environmental sustainability and also posed a serious threat to the health of people living nearby the Published online 28 March, 2021 banks. The Mahanadi rising a total course of 400 miles (900 km) and has an estimated drainage area of 51,000 square miles (100,100 square km). This article is a review examines the river Mahanadi Key Words: and its tributaries pollution caused by the gradual urbanization and industrialization along with Mahanadi, Water Quality Parameter, dumping of waste and its parameters for water quality. There is an urgent precaution need to address Industrial Waste, Environmental this challenge which is a direct outcome of inefficient planning and management authority. Parameters. Copyright © Sarada Prasad Swain et al, 2021, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION Mahanadi’s water and its 26 tributaries and found that the water of 10 rivers at 33 locations was not potable. Also, the As we know that Odisha depends largely upon monsoon for its water of 16 rivers at 41 places was found not potable or usable. water resources. The south west monsoon recorded triggers After receiving the Seonath River, below Baloda Bazar, it turns rainfall average in the state. The literature survey shown about east and enters Odisha state, its flow augmented by the 78% of total amount of rainfall seems to occur during the drainage of hills to the north and south. At Sambalpur the period from June to September and balance 22% remaining Hirakud Dam on the river has formed a man-made lake 35 period. In context to seasonal availability, the rainfall in the miles (55 km) long; the dam has several hydroelectric state also shows special variation i.e. from 1200 mm in the generators. Below the dam the Mahanadi turns south along a southern coastal plain to about 1700 mm in the northern tortuous course, piercing the Eastern Ghats through a forest- plateau. The state is endowed with an extensive network of clad gorge. Bending east, it enters the Odisha plains near rivers and streams. The major river basins are Subarnarekha, Cuttack and enters the Bay of Bengal at False Point by several Brahmani, Bahuda, Indrabati, Budhabalanga & Jambhira, channels. The river supplies several irrigation canals, mainly Mahanadi, Vansadhara, is one of the most-active silt-depositing near Cuttack. Bhadrak and Sambalpur, at one of its mouths, is a streams in the Indian subcontinent. Its upper course runs north famous pilgrimage site (Eaton 1950, Chakrapani 1990, 1993, as an insignificant stream, draining the eastern Chhattisgarh Das 2003, Das et al. 1997) Sundaray et al. 2005, 2006, Plain. The rising level of pollution and ist water quality in Mohanta et al. 2000, Mishra 2003). Mentioned below are the Mayurbhanj and Mahanadi rivers polluted due to the direct locations where the waters of the Mahanadi and its discharge of sewage from industries and urban local bodies has distributaries and tributaries were found to be highly polluted. become a concern for the residents of the millennium city (NWDA 1981, Radhakrishna 2001, Nayak et al. 2002, Nanda 1. The river of Mahanadi basin in Jharsuguda et al. 2001). The board recently conducted a sample test of the *Corresponding author: Sarada Prasad Swain Department of Civil Engineering, Sophitorium Engineering College, Khorda, Odisha-752060 International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 12, Issue, 03 (B), pp. 41266-41269, March, 2021 2. Upper and lower catchments of Mahanadi in Sambalpur Parameters of Water Quality of Mahanadi and its tributaries and Huma Besides Mahanadi and its tributaries, other major rivers like the 3. Lower catchment of Mahanadi in Cuttack, Kataganjpur Brahmani, Baitarani and Rushikulya and tributaries such as and Kama Sasan Sankha and Koel are also polluted. Barring Talcher, 4. Serua river at Sanakhyatrasa Kabatabandha and Bhuban, waters in the remaining riverside 5. Upper and lower catchment areas of Kuakhai in areas of Brahmani are highly polluted. Apart from this, the Bhubaneswar. Gangua Nullah in Bhubaneswar and the waters of other 6. Daya river in Bhubaneswar. tributaries like Birupa, Kushabhadra, Bhargabi, Mangala, Status of Mahanadi River Basin Gobari, Kusumi, Kansari, Sabulia, Badasankha, Luna and Mahanadi River Basin is measure about 141134 sq. km. It Ratnachira are also highly polluted. Also, the waters of Nadira touches about 4 states namely Odisha (65628 sq. km.), river in the lower catchment areas, Kharasrota river at Jharkhand (132 sq. km.), Chhatisgarh (75136 sq. km.), Binjharpur, Badajhora Nullah, Banguru Nullah and Bangaru- Maharastra (238 sq. km.). In Odisha, it passes through Singadajhor nullah of Guradinala river and the Karo river in Sundargarh, Sambalpur, Angul, Dhenkanal, Deogarh, Barbil were also found to be highly polluted. Strangely, though Keonjhar, Jajpur and Kendrapara. Major Tributaries of the OWSSB has in its report mentioned the waters of the Mahanadi river in Odisha are Jeera, Tel, Bratang, Manjore, aforesaid rivers and their distributaries and tributaries as Karadijore, Hardharjore & Surubalijore. The Mahanadi proper exceeding pollution limits, it has not put restrictions against the enters the sea via several channels near Paradeep at falsepoint, use of water having diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali at any river front areas (Richards 1954). Jagatsinghpur. The combined Delta of the Mahanadi’s numerous distributaries and the Brahmani in one of the largest For assessment of water quality of the Mahanadi river (Jain et in India.The irrigation out of these tributaries have a significant al. 2002, ISI 1974, Hem 1989) results of five major parameters impact on crop (Kelly 1940, Konhauser et al. 1997, Doneen namely pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical 1962). It then skirts the boundaries of the Boudh district and Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Conductivity, Total forces a tortuous way between ridges and ledges on a series of Coliform(TC), have been taken into consideration. Results of rapids until it reaches Dholpur. The rapids end here and the the different parameters for different stations have been river rolls towards heEastern Ghats, forcing its way through collected from the reports of Odisha State Pollution Control then via 64 kilometers long Satakosia Gorge. The Satakosia Board and Central Pollution Control Board. Only annual Gorge ends at Badamul of Nayagarh. average data has been analyzed. The Mahanadi was seems to be notorious for its devastating Water Quality Parameters after analysis of mention stations floods for much of recorded history. The river length in the (CPCB 2000, Guler et al. 2002, Friend 1973, Ayers et al 1994, Odisha is 494 km. Its farthest headwaters lie 6 kilometers from Doneen 1964) Pharsiya village of Chhatisgarh. The hills are an extension of the Eastern Ghats and are a source of many other streams Biological Oxygen Demand which then go on to join the Mahanadi. For the first 80 BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic kilometers of its course, the Mahanadi flows in a northerly biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic direction and drains the Raipur district and touch the eastern materials. Results of monitoring at different parts of the river of portions of Raipur city. It is a rather narrow river at the stage Mahanadi show that BOD Value is more than 3 at Mayurbhanj (Paliwal 1967, 1972). and Bhadrak during last 10 years. In other points, it is less than After being joined by the Seonath, the river flows in the 3. In the Hirakud reservoir, the Value is the less than 2.5. It easterly direction through the remaining parts of its journey. It clearly indicates that when the river passes to various places is joined by the Jonk and Hasdeo rivers here before entering directly or through rivulets, BOD value is increasing. Such into Odisha after covering about half of its total length. Near higher value may be due to anthropogenic activities. The the city of Sambalpur, Odisha, it is dammed by the largest normal standard is less than 2 for drinking water. As per CPCB earthen dam in the world, the Hirakud Dam. River is joined by guideline BOD is determined by 5 days at 200 C procedure. the Tel, and other minor streams. The river enters the Odisha Value is more then 2 in 3 locations namely Cuttack, plains of Naraj, Cuttack, where it pours down between two Mayurbhanj & Sambalpuri found during last ten years.