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Vol. 3: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment GEO: Nenskra

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Vol. 3: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment GEO: Nenskra Vol. 3: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Project Number: 49223-001 November 2017 GEO: Nenskra Hydropower Project Prepared by SLR Consulting France SAS This report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Term of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. EĞŶƐŬƌĂ,LJĚƌŽƉŽǁĞƌWƌŽũĞĐƚ ^ƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌLJ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůΘ^ŽĐŝĂů^ƚƵĚŝĞƐ sŽůƵŵĞϯ ^ŽĐŝĂů/ŵƉĂĐƚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ^ƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƌLJΘ^ ^ƚƵĚŝĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ EĞŶƐŬƌĂ,WW͗ sŽůƵŵĞϭ Volume 2 Volume 3 sŽůƵŵĞϰ sŽůƵŵĞϱ EŽŶͲdĞĐŚŶŝĐĂů Project Social Impact ŝŽĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJ ,LJĚƌŽůŽŐLJΘ ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJ Definition Assessment /ŵƉĂĐƚ tĂƚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ /ŵƉĂĐƚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ sŽůƵŵĞϲ sŽůƵŵĞϳ sŽůƵŵĞϴ sŽůƵŵĞϵ sŽůƵŵĞϭϬ EĂƚƵƌĂů,ĂnjĂƌĚƐ ^ƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌ ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůΘ >ĂŶĚĐƋƵŝƐŝƚŝŽŶ ƵŵƵůĂƚŝǀĞ ĂŶĚĂŵ^ĂĨĞƚLJ ŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ^ŽĐŝĂů Θ>ŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚ /ŵƉĂĐƚ WůĂŶ DĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ZĞƐƚŽƌĂƚŝŽŶƉůĂŶ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ WůĂŶ /^>K^hZhd,KZ/ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϳ JSC Nenskra Hydro - Nenskra HPP - Social Impact Assessment Issue and revision record ZĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ ĂƚĞ WƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJ ŚĞĐŬĞĚďLJ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝŽŶ ƉƉƌŽǀĞĚďLJ ϭ ϮϬ&ĞďƌƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϳ ů͘ZĞƉƵƐƐĂƌĚ ƵĨĨŝŶ ƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚďLJ:^E,ĨŽƌ dĂĞŬtŽŶ^ĞŽ D͘dĐŚĞůŝĚnjĞ ƉƵďůŝĐĚŝƐĐůŽƐƵƌĞ '͘ƉƉůĞďLJ Ϯ ϭϳEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϳ ů͘ZĞƉƵƐƐĂƌĚ ƵĨĨŝŶ &ŝŶĂůǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ͕ƚĂŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŽ dĂĞŬtŽŶ^ĞŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĐŽŵŵĞŶƚƐ ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐϮϬϭϳ ƉƵďůŝĐĚŝƐĐůŽƐƵƌĞƉĞƌŝŽĚ ϯ ϮϴEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϭϳ ů͘ZĞƉƵƐƐĂƌĚ ƵĨĨŝŶ &ŝŶĂůǀĞƌƐŝŽŶǁŝƚŚŵŝŶŽƌ dĂĞŬtŽŶ^ĞŽ ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŝŽŶƐŝŶ^ĞĐƚŝŽŶϮ͘Ϯ ŝƐĐůĂŝŵĞƌ͗ dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJ^>ZŽŶƐƵůƚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĂůůƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůĞƐŬŝůů͕ĐĂƌĞĂŶĚĚŝůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƚĂŬŝŶŐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ŽĨƚŚĞŵĂŶƉŽǁĞƌĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĚĞǀŽƚĞĚƚŽŝƚďLJĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƌƚLJǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚŝƚ͘/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶ ƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŚĞƌĞŝŶŝƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚŝŶŐŽŽĚĨĂŝƚŚĂƐďĞŝŶŐ ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞĂŶĚǀĂůŝĚ͘ dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĞdžĐůƵƐŝǀĞƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƚLJǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚŝƚ͖ŶŽǁĂƌƌĂŶƚŝĞƐŽƌŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐĂƌĞ ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚŽƌƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶĨĞƌƌĞĚďLJĂŶLJƚŚŝƌĚƉĂƌƚŝĞƐ͘dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŵĂLJŶŽƚďĞƌĞůŝĞĚƵƉŽŶďLJŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƌƚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ǁƌŝƚƚĞŶĐŽŶƐĞŶƚĨƌŽŵ^>Z͘^>ZĚŝƐĐůĂŝŵƐĂŶLJƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌƚLJǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚŝƚĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐŝŶ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽĨĂŶLJŵĂƚƚĞƌƐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞĂŐƌĞĞĚƐĐŽƉĞŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌŬ͘ dŚŝƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĐŽŶĨŝĚĞŶƚŝĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽƉƌŝĞƚĂƌLJŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůƉƌŽƉĞƌƚLJ͘/ƚƐŚŽƵůĚŶŽƚďĞƐŚŽǁŶƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƌƚŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĐŽŶƐĞŶƚĨƌŽŵ^>ZĂŶĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉĂƌƚLJǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚŝƚ͘ ^>ZŽŶƐƵůƚŝŶŐ&ƌĂŶĐĞ^^ ϭϱϱͲϭϱϳŽƵƌƐĞƌƌŝĂƚͲϯϴϬϬϬ'ƌĞŶŽďůĞ&ƌĂŶĐĞ d͗нϯϯϰϳϲϳϬϵϯϰϭ ǁǁǁ͘ƐůƌĐŽŶƐƵůƚŝŶŐ͘ĐŽŵ /^>K^hZhd,KZ/ͲϵϬϭ͘ϴ͘ϳͺ^EĞŶƐŬƌĂͺsŽůϯͺ^ŽĐŝĂů/ŵƉĂĐƚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚͺEŽǀϮϬϭϳ ƉĂŐĞ JSC Nenskra Hydro - Nenskra HPP - Social Impact Assessment Contents WƌĞĂŵďůĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ŝ ^ƵŵŵĂƌLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ŝŝ 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 ϭ͘ϭ WƌŽũĞĐƚŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭ ϭ͘Ϯ WƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨƚŚĞ^/͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱ ϭ͘ϯ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱ ϭ͘ϰ >ŝŶŬƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌΘ^ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰ ϭ͘ϱ ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϰ 2 Socioeconomic baseline situation ..............................................................15 Ϯ͘ϭ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƚŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJĂƌĞĂ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϱ Ϯ͘Ϯ ĞŵŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϴ Ϯ͘ϯ >ŽĐĂůĞĐŽŶŽŵLJ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯϬ Ϯ͘ϰ sƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚŝĞƐĂŶĚŐĞŶĚĞƌŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϱϵ Ϯ͘ϱ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϳϬ Ϯ͘ϲ WĞƌĐĞƉƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞWƌŽũĞĐƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϴϴ 3 Positive impacts and benefit sharing .........................................................92 ϯ͘ϭ EĂƚŝŽŶĂůĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϮ ϯ͘Ϯ ŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚŝĞƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉůLJĐŚĂŝŶ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϮ ϯ͘ϯ hƉŐƌĂĚŝŶŐŽĨŵĂŝŶƌŽĂĚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϯ ϯ͘ϰ dĂdž͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϯ ϯ͘ϱ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϰ 4 Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement ..........................................97 ϰ͘ϭ >ĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϳ ϰ͘Ϯ >ĂŶĚƚĂŬĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϵϴ ϰ͘ϯ /ŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶƉƵďůŝĐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϭ ϰ͘ϰ /ŶƚĞƌĂĐƚŝŽŶǁŝƚŚĨŽƌĞƐƚƌLJĂŶĚŵŝŶĞƌĂůĐŽŶĐĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϮ 5 Interaction with non-land related activities ............................................. 103 ϱ͘ϭ ĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϯ ϱ͘Ϯ tĂƚĞƌƵƐĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϯ ϱ͘ϯ &ŝƐŚŝŶŐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϰ ϱ͘ϰ ĞĞŬĞĞƉŝŶŐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϲ ϱ͘ϱ /ŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƌĞŵŝƚƚĂŶĐĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϴ ϱ͘ϲ ƌĂĨƚƐĂŶĚĂƌƚŝƐĂŶŐŽŽĚƐ͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭϬϴ /^>K^hZhd,KZ/ͲϵϬϭ͘ϴ͘ϳͺ^EĞŶƐŬƌĂͺsŽůϯͺ^ŽĐŝĂů/ŵƉĂĐƚƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚͺEŽǀϮϬϭϳ ƉĂŐĞ JSC Nenskra Hydro - 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