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12 July 2001 Nature 412: 6843 (2001) © Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Shooting the messenger 103 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has a creditable record of developing a scientific consensus and delivering it to policy-makers. What its critics really object to are the facts. Genetics group targets disease markers in the human 105 sequence Physicists show what really matters 105 Europe hooks up with China for space first 106 Institutes prepare for pioneering bioinformatics work 106 Stem-cell fudge finds no favour with biologists 107 Bush plots raid on NIH funds to finance AIDS initiative 107 Royal Society disputes value of carbon sinks 108 Battle to save beleaguered beluga 108 UN backs transgenic crops for poorer nations 109 Arctic university gives collaboration pole position 109 news in brief 110 Consensus science, or consensus politics? 112 To some, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change represents the pinnacle of scientific collaboration. To others, it is a victory for politics over science. Mark Schrope talks to the experts debating our planet's future. Alien versus predator 115 Can invasive species be controlled by introducing their natural enemies? The idea has a chequered history. But as safety testing improves, it is now gaining currency. Jonathan Knight reports. Seeking, sometimes finding, that elusive chemistry 117 Despite all the discipline's achievements, opinion is divided as to whether chemistry is getting the recognition it deserves — and needs — in order to keep attracting new talent. Researchers are popular, even if the industry is not 117 Time to shout about the benefits of chemistry 117 Singapore makes efforts to sustain biodiversity 118 Photos may offer clues over Ethiopian fossil site 118 Keeping Mendel in mind 118 Eccentric origins of creativity 119 DANIEL NETTLE reviews The Madness of Adam and Eve: How Schizophrenia Shaped Humanity by David Horrobin Did the genes underlying schizophrenia drive human evolution? An unsung hero put on the map 120 DOUGLAS PALMER reviews The Map That Changed The World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology by Simon Winchester How the old became new 120 MICHAEL HUNTER reviews Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and its Ambitions, 1500–1700 by Peter Dear Physics from the inside 121 A. M. BRADSHAW reviews The Physics of a Lifetime: Reflections on the Problems and Personalities of 20th Century Physics by V. L. Ginzburg Science in culture 122 MEGAN WILLIAMS Owen's Parthian shot 123 KEVIN PADIAN Charles Darwin may have had the science, but Richard Owen could write a lethal letter. Phenomenal fluids 125 MARTYN POLIAKOFF AND PETER KING Lost City found 127 KAREN L. VON DAMM Chemical and heat exchange at vents on deep ocean floors has a large influence on marine chemistry. The discovery of a spectacular new type of venting system has given the story another twist. Cognitive neuroscience: Bold insights 128 MARCUS E. RAICHLE Functional magnetic resonance imaging tracks changes in oxygen levels in the brain in response to different stimuli. The neural basis of these changes has, at last, been pinned down. High-energy physics: Disappearing dimensions 130 JOSEPH D. LYKKEN Some theories of high-energy physics require extra spatial dimensions, beyond the three we know. A radical proposal turns this idea on its head, and suggests that dimensions may disappear at higher energies. Palaeontology: Return to the planet of the apes 131 HENRY GEE Fossil evidence of human evolutionary history is fragmentary and open to various interpretations. Fossil evidence of chimpanzee evolution is absent altogether. Planetary science: Saturn saturated with satellites 132 DOUGLAS P. HAMILTON Advances in detector technology have led to a rash of newly discovered moons around the giant planets. Saturn currently has the most known satellites — but for how long? Apoptosis: Mostly dead 133 DOUGLAS R. GREEN AND HELEN M. BEERE It has always been thought that once the process of cell suicide has passed a certain point, it is irreversible. Yet it seems that cells can recover — but only if they are not eaten by nearby 'phagocytic' cells. Nanotechnology: Less is more 135 J. TERSOFF Creating a structure as simple as a hole can be a challenge — when the hole is just a few nanometres wide. The trick is to start small and then get smaller. Developmental biology: Vesicles and the spinal cord 136 JUHEE JEONG AND ANDREW P. MCMAHON The distinction between cell biology and developmental biology is becoming increasingly blurred. The latest example involves a signalling pathway switched on in the developing spinal cord. Evolutionary biology: Autumn colour code 136 JOHN WHITFIELD Why, before they fall, do the leaves of deciduous trees take on such vivid autumn hues? A provocative proposal has it that the colours are not simply a side-effect of senescence. 100 and 50 years ago 130 Daedalus: Bashing the bugs 137 DAVID JONES Hospitals accused of infecting patients with bugs they didn't have when they arrived could try disinfecting the wards (when the patients are absent) with an old American remedy. Obituary: Rosa Beddington (1956–2001) 138 SOHAILA RASTAN AND ELIZABETH ROBERTSON Exceptional talent and influence in developmental biology. Sex-biased dispersal of great white sharks 139 AMANDA T. PARDINI, CATHERINE S. JONES, LESLIE R. NOBLE, BRIAN KREISER, HAMISH MALCOLM, BARRY D. BRUCE, JOHN D. STEVENS, GEREMY CLIFF, MICHAEL C. SCHOLL, MALCOLM FRANCIS, CLINTON A.J. DUFFY & ANDREW P. MARTIN In some respects, these sharks behave more like whales and dolphins than other fish. Flame retardants: Persistent pollutants in land-applied 140 sludges ROBERT C. HALE, MARK J. LA GUARDIA, ELLEN P. HARVEY, MICHAEL O. GAYLOR, T. MATTESON MAINOR & WILLIAM H. DUFF Neuroadaptation: Incubation of cocaine craving after 141 withdrawal JEFFREY W. GRIMM, BRUCE T. HOPE, ROY A. WISE & YAVIN SHAHAM Neuropharmacology: Odorants may arouse instinctive 142 behaviours MEHRAN SAM, SADHNA VORA, BETTINA MALNIC, WEIDONG MA, MILOS V. NOVOTNY & LINDA B. BUCK Cause of neural death in neurodegenerative diseases 143 attributable to expansion of glutamine repeats M. F. PERUTZ AND A. H. WINDLE An off-axis hydrothermal vent field near the 145 Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 30° N DEBORAH S. KELLEY, JEFFREY A. KARSON, DONNA K. BLACKMAN, GRETCHEN L. FRÜH-GREEN, DAVID A. BUTTERFIELD, MARVIN D. LILLEY, ERIC J. OLSON, MATTHEW O. SCHRENK, KEVIN K. ROE, GEOFF T. LEBON, PETE RIVIZZIGNO & THE AT3-60 SHIPBOARD PARTY Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the 150 fMRI signal NIKOS K. LOGOTHETIS, JON PAULS, MARK AUGATH, TORSTEN TRINATH & AXEL OELTERMANN A test of general relativity from the three-dimensional 158 orbital geometry of a binary pulsar W. VAN STRATEN, M. BAILES, M. BRITTON, S. R, KULKARNI, S. B. ANDERSON, R. N. MANCHESTER & J. SARKISSIAN Discovery of water vapour around IRC+10216 as 160 evidence for comets orbiting another star GARY J. MELNICK, DAVID A. NEUFELD, K. E. SAAVIK FORD, DAVID J. HOLLENBACH & MATTHEW L. N. ASHBY Discovery of 12 satellites of Saturn exhibiting orbital 163 clustering BRETT GLADMAN, J. J. KAVELAARS, MATTHEW HOLMAN, PHILIP D. NICHOLSON, JOSEPH A. BURNS, CARL W. HERGENROTHER, JEAN-MARC PETIT, BRIAN G. MARSDEN, ROBERT JACOBSON, WILLIAM GRAY & TOMMY GRAV Ion-beam sculpting at nanometre length scales 166 JIALI LI, DEREK STEIN, CIARAN MCMULLAN, DANIEL BRANTON, MICHAEL J. AZIZ & JENE A. GOLOVCHENKO Ordered nanoporous arrays of carbon supporting high 169 dispersions of platinum nanoparticles SANG HOON JOO, SEONG JAE CHOI, ILWHAN OH, JUHYOUN KWAK, ZHENG LIU, OSAMU TERASAKI & RYONG RYOO The dating of shallow faults in the Earth's crust 172 BEN A. VAN DER PLUIJM, CHRIS M. HALL, PETER J. VROLIJK, DAVID R. PEVEAR & MICHAEL C. COVEY Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle 175 Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia GIDAY WOLDEGABRIEL, YOHANNES HAILE-SELASSIE, PAUL R. RENNE, WILLIAM K. HART, STANLEY H. AMBROSE, BERHANE ASFAW, GRANT HEIKEN & TIM WHITE Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, 178 Ethiopia YOHANNES HAILE-SELASSIE Rapid and recent origin of species richness in the Cape 181 flora of South Africa JAMES E. RICHARDSON, FRANS M. WEITZ, MICHAEL F. FAY, QUENTIN C. B. CRONK, H. PETER LINDER, G. REEVES & MARK W. CHASE Predators increase the risk of catastrophic extinction of 183 prey populations THOMAS W. SCHOENER, DAVID A. SPILLER & JONATHAN B. LOSOS Essential role for Gab2 in the allergic response 186 HAIHUA GU, KAN SAITO, LORI D. KLAMAN, JUNQING SHEN, TONY FLEMING, YONGPING WANG, JOANNE C. PRATT, GUOSHENG LIN, BING LIM, JEAN-PIERRE KINET & BENJAMIN G. NEEL The heparin-binding haemagglutinin of M. tuberculosis 190 is required for extrapulmonary dissemination KEVIN PETHE, SYLVIE ALONSO, FRANCK BIET, GIOVANNI DELOGU, MICHAEL J. BRENNAN, CAMILLE LOCHT & FRANCO D. MENOZZI Rab23 is an essential negative regulator of the mouse 194 Sonic hedgehog signalling pathway JONATHAN T. EGGENSCHWILER, EDWARD ESPINOZA & KATHRYN V. ANDERSON Phagocytosis promotes programmed cell death in C. 198 elegans PETER W. REDDIEN, SCOTT CAMERON & H. ROBERT HORVITZ Engulfment genes cooperate with ced-3 to promote cell 202 death in Caenorhabditis elegans DANIEL J. HOEPPNER, MICHAEL O. HENGARTNER & RALF SCHNABEL Mars 207 Decline and fall of the empire 209 KEVIN ZAHNLE Mars' core and magnetism 214 DAVID J. STEVENSON The crust and mantle of Mars 220 MARIA T. ZUBER Water and the martian landscape 228 VICTOR R. BAKER Mars' volatile and climate history 237 BRUCE M. JAKOSKY AND ROGER J. PHILLIPS Weather and climate on Mars 245 CONWAY LEOVY Mars exploration 250 MICHAEL H. CARR AND JAMES GARVIN Mars Outposts: A Planetary Society Approach to 254 Exploration BRUCE MURRAY, WESLEY T. HUNTRESS JR. & LOUIS D. FRIEDMAN Nature © Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2001 Registered No. 785998 England. 12 July 2001 Volume 412 Issue no 6843 Shooting the messenger The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has a creditable record of developing a scientific consensus and delivering it to policy-makers. What its critics really object to are the facts.
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  • Suffrage Science Contents

    Suffrage Science Contents

    Suffrage science Contents Introduction Brenda Maddox and Vivienne Parry on sex and success in science 3 Love Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Dr Helen Fisher on love and social cognition 6 Life Professor Liz Robertson and Dr Sohaila Rastan on developmental biology and genetics 10 Structure Professor Dame Louise Johnson and Professor Janet Thornton on structural biology 15 Strife Professors Fiona Watt and Mary Collins on cancer and AIDS 19 Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery Designs to commemorate women in science 23 Suffrage Textiles Ribbons referencing the suffrage movement 33 Index of Featured Women Scientists Pioneering female contributions to Life Science 43 Acknowledgements Contributions and partnerships 47 Tracing Suffrage Heirlooms Follow the provenance of 13 pieces of Suffrage Heirloom Jewellery 48 1 A successful career in science is always demanding of intellect “ hard work and resilience; only more so for most women. ” Professor Dame Sally C Davies From top, left to right: (Row 1) Anne McLaren, Barbara McClintock, Beatrice Hahn, Mina Bissell, Brenda Maddox, Dorothy Hodgkin, (Row 2) Brigid Hogan, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Fiona Watt, Gail Martin, Helen Fisher, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, (Row 3) Hilde Mangold, Jane Goodall, Elizabeth Blackburn, Janet Thornton, Carol Greider, Rosalind Franklin, (Row 4) Kathleen Lonsdale, Liz Robertson, Louise Johnson, Mary Lyon, Mary Collins, Vivienne Parry, (Row 5) Uta Frith, Amanda Fisher, Linda Buck, Sara-Jayne Blakemore, Sohaila Rastan, Zena Werb 2 Introduction To commemorate 100 years of International Women’s Day in 2011, Suffrage Science unites the voices of leading female life scientists Brona McVittie talks to Vivienne Parry and Brenda Maddox about sex and success in science Dorothy Hodgkin remains the only British woman to Brenda Maddox is author of The Dark Lady of DNA, have been awarded a Nobel Prize for science.