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1999 Revision of the FAO Wildland Fire

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1999 Revision of the FAO Wildland Fire 1999 Revision of the FAO Wildland Fire Management Terminology by the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) 1999 Revision of the FAO Wildland Fire Management Terminology, by Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) – Some Remarks and Explanations The GFMC has edited the 1986 version of the glossary (FAO 1986. Wildland Fire Management Terminology. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Forestry Paper 70, 257 p.). In the 1999 revision the GFMC has added, compared and harmonized the English base document with other major national fire management terminologies and some encyclopedias and websites, such as: National Research Council Canada (1987). Glossary of Forest Fire Management Terms. Canadian Committee on Forest Fire Management. Ottawa. 91 p. National Wildfire Coordination Group (1985). Smoke Management Glossary. Smoke Management Guide Produced by: Prescribed Fire and Fire Effects Working Team. Boise, Idaho. 28 p. National Wildfire Coordination Group (1989). A Guide for Prescribed Fire in Southern Forests. Boise, Idaho. 56 p. National Wildfire Coordination Group (1994). Introduction to Wildland fire Behavior S-190. Student Workbook. Boise, Idaho. 66 p. National Wildfire Coordination Group (1996). Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology. Incident Operations Standards Working Team. Boise, Idaho. 162 p. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) 1997. ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests. ITTO Policy Development Series No.6. ITTO, Yokohama, 40 p. (J.G.Goldammer, senior author) Random House Webster`s Electronic Dictionary and Thesaurus, College Edition Version 1.0, Software. Society of American Foresters (1990). Glossary of Wildland Fire Management Terms Used in the United States. University of Arizona press. Tuscon, Arizona. 138 p. IDNDR (former UNDRO) disaster terminology NASA (1999). Fire Monitoring Glossary. Responsible NASA Officials: Chris Justice and Yoram Kaufman http://modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/fire_atlas/glossary.html NASA (1999). Glossary of Terms. Atmospheric Sciences NASA Langley Research Center.. http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/biomass_burn/glossary.html DELFI (1999) The DELFI vocabulary. CONCERTED ACTION Definition and Creation of a Common Knowledge Base for Forest Fires ENV4-CT98-0735. http://www.cinar.gr/delfi/ Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica.com; http://www.britannica.com/ Recently Published Terminologies Russian and Mongolian added in 2008 and further refined / upgraded in 2014 As a follow-up of the First International Central Asian Wildland Fire Joint Conference and Consultation Wildland Fires in Natural Ecosystems of the Central Asian Region: Ecology and Management Implications (2-6 June 2008, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), and at the occasion of the International Conference on Cross-Border Fires (16-18 June 2010, Irkutsk, Russian Federation) the GFMC launched the first version of the English – Russian – Mongolian – German glossary: International Multi-Lingual Fire Management Terminology (English – Russian – Mongolian – German) (status: 16 March 2011; PDF, 2.5 MB) In preparation of the establishment of the Regional Central Asia Fire Management Resource Center (RCAFMRC) in 2015 and for the facilitation of the Mongolian-Russian cooperation in cross-border fire management a detailed fire management terminology in Mongolian language was developed and the Russian version upgraded by Mongolian and Russian fire specialists and the GFMC in 2014. Printed copies of this GFMC publication are available upon request in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. For the digital version click on the envelope: Fire Management Terminology in Mongolian, Russian and English (status: 2014; PDF, 3.3 MB) Important Information for Standardization of English and non-English Terms Draft and not yet reviewed Spanish and French counterpart terms are available in this document only for those terms that had been already included in the 1986 version of the FAO Terminology. We found that these Spanish and French terms in some cases are either not correct or have spelling mistakes. Thus, we recommend to carefully check and review EVERY Spanish and French term. We have corrected the existing and added the missing German terms (a voluntary contribution to the terminology project). We have used the correct way of spelling German, including the use of upper and lower cases where applicable. The entries (terms) in English start in upper case (and according to recognized rules, words with 3 or less letters begin in lower case). We thought that this looks better. However, if there is the feeling that all terms should be written in lower case (exempt names or designations), we can change that in the final editing process. French and Spanish terms should start in lower case exempt names etc. Some Procedural Remarks for translating into French and Spanish (or other languages in a later stage) At international level the use of wildland fire management terms has been developed most specifically in North America and Australia. If no counterpart terms in other languages are arae available, the foreign-language term are sometimes (a) adapted from English, or (b) “translated” (or explained) or even briefly described (in cases where there is no equivalent term available at all). In the latter case such a descriptive term should be put into [brackets] such as we did in the 1986 terminology. In the case of names, proper names, brands or designations of systems a translation should not be done. The English definition will clarify what the name or designation means. In such case we suggest to insert a standard term in [brackets] which indicates that this term is a name. For instance, in the German version we use the term [Eigenname] which in English means [proper name, or brand name]. Acronyms In the case of abbreviations or acronyms we have always entered the fully spelled term and added the acronym in (brackets). In order to facilitate the identification of acronyms we have provided a list of acronyms in alphabetical order. A AFFIRMS Administrative and Forest Fire Information Retrieval and Management System AID Aerial Ignition Device AIR NET Aircraft network AIRCO Air coordinator ALDS Automatic Lightning Detection System AMR Appropriate Management Response AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer B BUI Buildup Index C CFC Chlorofluorocarbons CFFBP Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction CFFDR Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide CP Centipoise CP Command post D DC Drought Code DESCON DESignated Control Burn DMC Duff Moisture Code DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DU Dobson Unit E EAR Element at risk EMC Equilibrium Moisture Content ENSO El-Niño-Southern-Oscillation F FLIR Forward Looking Infrared FWI Fire Weather Index G GFMC Global Fire Monitoring Center GHQ General fire headquarters GIS Geographic Information System GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GPS Global Positioning System GTS Gum-thickened sulphate H HAZMAT HAZardous MATerials HRPT High-Resolution Picture Transmission HTE High Temperature Event I IFFM Integrated Forest Fire Management IR Infrared I-Zone Interface Zone K KBDI Keetch-Byram Drought Index kPa Kilopascal M MAFFS Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System MCR Man-Caused Risk METEOSAT METeorological SATellite MIST Minimum Impact Suppression Techniques MSL Mean Sea Level N NFDRS National Fire Danger Rating System NIFC National Interagency Fire Center NIFQS National Interagency Fire Qualification System NIIMS National Interagency Incident Management System NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NVC Net Value Change NWCG National Wildflre Coordinating Group P POES Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite R RAWS Remote automatic weather stations S SITREP SITuation REPort T TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TSP Total Suspended particulate Matter U UTC Universal Time Coordinated V VFR Visual Flight Rules VHF Very High Frequency VI Ventilation Index W WEPS Water Expansion Pumping System WES Water Expansion System A Absolute Humidity S: G: Absolute Luftfeuchtigkeit F: Total amount of water vapor in the air, normally expressed in grams of water vapor in a cubic meter of air Accelerant S: [activador], acelerante de ignicion G: Brandbeschleuniger F: activant, produit activant Any substance applied to fuels to expedite the burning process Acceptable Burn S: G: Tolerierbare Brandfläche F: Maximum average area burned over a specified period of years that can be tolerated and sustained for a given area without disrupting overall forest management and other land use objectives (syn. Allowable Burned Area) Acceptable Damage S: daño tolerable, daño aceptable G: Schaden unterhalb der Schadensschwelle F: dommage acceptable Damage which does not seriously impair the flow of environmental, economic and social benefits from wildlands Acceptable Fire Risk S: riesgo tolerable, riesgo aceptable G: Akzeptierbares Risiko eines Schadenfeuers F: risque de feu acceptable The potential fire loss that a community is willing to accept rather than provide resources to reduce such a loss Accessibility Burn S: quema para despeje G: Durchbrennen zur Verbesserung der Begehbarkeit F: nettoyage du sous bois par le feu [brulage de pre exploitation forestiere] Burning of understory to improve the efficiency of identifying and harvesting of timber and non-wood forest products (cf. Premarking Burn) Action Plan S: plan de accion G: Aktionsplan F: plan d'intervention Any tactical plan developed by any element of the ICS in support of the incident action plan
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