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I. República De Ghana

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I. República De Ghana C. ENRIQUE ERNESTO ESCORZA ZAMUDIO Contenido I. REPÚBLICA DE GHANA ................................................................................................................... 1 A. Datos básicos .............................................................................................................................. 1 B. Panorama político y social ................................................................................................. 2 C. Panorama económico .......................................................................................................... 7 D. Relación bilateral .....................................................................................................................8 II. REPÚBLICA DE GAMBIA ............................................................................................................... 12 A. Datos básicos ........................................................................................................................... 12 B. Panorama político y social ............................................................................................... 13 C. Panorama económico ........................................................................................................ 16 D. Relación bilateral ................................................................................................................... 17 III. REPÚBLICA DE LIBERIA ............................................................................................................... 18 A. Datos básicos ........................................................................................................................... 18 B. Panorama político y social ............................................................................................... 19 C. Panorama económico ....................................................................................................... 22 D. Relación bilateral .................................................................................................................. 22 IV. REPÚBLICA DE SIERRA LEONA .............................................................................................. 24 A. Datos básicos .......................................................................................................................... 24 B. Panorama político y social .............................................................................................. 25 C. Panorama económico ....................................................................................................... 28 D. Relación bilateral .................................................................................................................. 29 V. PROGRAMA DE TRABAJO ........................................................................................................... 31 VI. PERFIL BIOGRÁFICO ..................................................................................................................... 40 Documento de apoyo al proceso de ratificación del H. Senado de la República que presenta el C. Enrique Ernesto Escorza Zamudio I. REPÚBLICA DE GHANA La República de Ghana se ubica en el centro de la costa occidental de África Subsahariana, formada por llanuras de poca altura y abierta al Golfo de Guinea. Se divide en 16 regiones administrativas, luego del referéndum en 2018 por el cual se añadieron 6 nuevas a las 10 ya existentes. Éstas a su vez se distribuyen en 216 distritos. Es una de las economías con mayor crecimiento de África. De acuerdo con cifras del Banco Mundial, Ghana es la 72° economía a nivel mundial. Ghana fue miembro fundador de la Organización para la Unidad Africana el 25 de mayo de 1963. Actualmente, es miembro de la Unión Africana (UA) desde el 26 de mayo de 2001. Asimismo, es un importante contribuyente en las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas, actualmente es el 9º contribuyente de personal militar y de policía. También forma parte del Grupo de Estados de África, Caribe y el Pacífico (ACP, por sus siglas en inglés), de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), del Banco Africano de Desarrollo (AfDB, por sus siglas en inglés) y de la Comunidad Económica de Estados de África Occidental (CEDEAO), entre otras organizaciones. La capital de Ghana será la sede del Secretariado del Área Continental Africana de Libre Comercio (ACALC), establecida mediante un acuerdo que entró en vigor el 30 de mayo de 2019 y la cual se encuentra en la etapa del inicio de su puesta en operación. A. Datos básicos Denominación oficial: República de Ghana Superficie total: 238,540 km2 Fronteras: Al norte con Burkina Faso, al este con Togo, al sur con el Golfo de Guinea y al oeste con Côte d’Ivoire y Burkina Faso Población: 30.4 millones de habitantes (2019) Capital: Accra Idioma: Inglés (oficial), akuapem, akyem, asante, boron, dagarte, dagomba, dangme, ewe, fante y ga 1 Documento de apoyo al proceso de ratificación del H. Senado de la República que presenta el C. Enrique Ernesto Escorza Zamudio Moneda: Cedi Religión: El 71.2% de la población es cristiana, 17.6% musulmana y el 5.2% tiene creencias tradicionales Sistema político: Ghana es una república presidencial. El Presidente es el Jefe de Estado y el Jefe de Gobierno. Lo elige el Parlamento por un período de 4 años, con posibilidad de una reelección. El Presidente nombra al Vicepresidente, quien asume el cargo de Presidente interino ante la falta del Presidente. El Legislativo es unicameral. El Parlamento está integrado por 275 miembros elegidos de manera directa por un período de 4 años. El Poder Judicial es encabezado por la Suprema Corte. B. Panorama político y social Ghana se ha caracterizado por contar con un sistema democrático sólido con alternancia en el poder. Desde la restauración de la democracia en 1992, se han llevado a cabo seis elecciones y tres alternancias en el poder de manera pacífica, en 2000, 2008, 2012 y 2016. Tras el fallecimiento del presidente John Atta Mills en julio de 2012, el vicepresidente John Dramani Mahama asumió el cargo de Presidente interino y prometió “mantener la paz, la unidad y la estabilidad” con miras al proceso electoral del 7 de diciembre de ese año. Mahama, candidato por el partido Congreso Nacional Democrático (CND, de centro-izquierda), fue electo con el 50.7% de los votos, seguido de Nana Akufo-Addo, candidato del Nuevo Partido Patriótico (NPP) con el 47.7%. La participación popular fue aproximadamente del 80% del electorado. Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo elecciones presidenciales y parlamentarias el 7 de diciembre de 2016. El presidente John Dramani Mahama buscó su reelección. A pesar de algunos avances promovidos por su presidencia, entre los que destacan las mejoras al sistema de salud, a los servicios sociales y algunas iniciativas para la modernización de las escuelas, la población no estaba satisfecha con el progreso de la economía, cuyo crecimiento había disminuido debido a la caída en el precio de las materias primas. El aumento en los precios del petróleo, del agua y de la electricidad llevaron a miles de ghaneses a protestar contra su gobierno a principios de 2016. En este escenario, el candidato opositor, Nana Akufo-Addo, obtuvo el triunfo en las elecciones, con el 53.8% de los votos. 2 Documento de apoyo al proceso de ratificación del H. Senado de la República que presenta el C. Enrique Ernesto Escorza Zamudio En noviembre de 2017, el Presidente Nana Akufo-Addo lanzó el programa “Ghana Beyond Aid” cuyo objetivo es sustituir paulatinamente la ayuda asistencial al desarrollo por inversiones extranjeras directas que permitan un crecimiento económico basado en su industrialización. La estabilidad política y social, aunada a la disciplina fiscal acorde con las políticas del FMI, ha llevado a reducir la deuda pública en relación con el PIB, la inflación a niveles de 8% en los primeros años de su gobierno y una sensible caída en las tasas de interés. La posición estratégica de Ghana en África Occidental le ha permitido atraer importantes inversiones de diversos países y alcanzar al cierre de 2019 un crecimiento del PIB de 6.5% con base en datos del Banco Mundial. La recuperación sostenida de la economía ghanesa abre importantes oportunidades para las empresas mexicanas interesadas en mercados no tradicionales y convierte a Ghana en un país atractivo para ser socio económico estratégico de México en África. Ghana se prepara para llevar a cabo elecciones generales en diciembre de 2020. En estos comicios, el Presidente Nana Akufo-Addo se enfrentará por tercera vez al ex Presidente John Mahama. MIEMBROS DEL GOBIERNO Presidente: Nana Akufo-Addo Vicepresidente: Mahamudu Bawumia Jefa de Gabinete: Akosua Frema Osei-Opare Ministerios (Consejo de Ministros): Ministra de Asuntos Exteriores: Shirley Ayorkor Botchway Ministro de Finanzas: Ken Ofori-Atta Ministro de Comercio e Industria: Alan Kyerematen Ministra de Justicia: Gloria Akuffo Ministro de Seguridad Nacional: Albert Kan Dapaah Ministro de Defensa: Dominic Nitiwul Ministra de Gobierno Local: Hajia Alima Mahama Ministro del Interior: Ambrose Dery Ministro de Educación: Matthew Opoku Prempeh 3 Documento de apoyo al proceso de ratificación del H. Senado de la República que presenta el C. Enrique Ernesto Escorza Zamudio Ministro de Salud: Kwaku Agyemang-Manu Ministro de Agricultura: Owusu Afriyie Akoto Ministro Senior: Yaw Osafo-Maafo Ministro de Energía: John Peter Amewu Ministro de Tierras y Recursos Naturales: Kwaku Asoma Cheremeh Ministro de Medio Ambiente,
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