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Actualización PM REBISO 2013.Pdf BORRADOR DE MODIFICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE PARA CONSULTA PÚBLICA, ART. 65 DE LGEEPA Y 79 DE SU REGLAMENTO EN MATERIA DE ANP PROYECTO DE MODIFICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE MÉXICO, 2013 1 BORRADOR DE MODIFICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE PARA CONSULTA PÚBLICA, ART. 65 DE LGEEPA Y 79 DE SU REGLAMENTO EN MATERIA DE ANP Contenido 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 4 2. OBJETIVOS DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE ..................... 6 3. OBJETIVOS DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO ............................................................ 7 3.1 Objetivo General ...................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Objetivos específicos................................................................................................ 7 4. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE ................. 8 4.1. Localización y límites .................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Características biológicas ......................................................................................... 8 Vegetación .................................................................................................................. 8 Flora ......................................................................................................................... 10 Fauna ....................................................................................................................... 11 Servicios Ambientales............................................................................................... 13 4.3 Contexto arqueológico, histórico y cultural ......................................................... 14 4.4 Contexto demográfico, económico y social ............................................................. 16 4.5 Vocación natural del uso de suelo .......................................................................... 22 4.6 Análisis de la situación de la Tenencia de la Tierra ................................................ 24 Propiedad ejidal ........................................................................................................ 24 Propiedad privada ..................................................................................................... 25 Propiedad de la nación ............................................................................................. 25 4.7 Normas Oficiales Mexicanas aplicables a las actividades que se desarrollan en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el Ocote ..................................................................... 25 5. DIAGNÓSTICO Y PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA SITUACIÓN AMBIENTAL .................... 27 5.1 Ecosistémicos ........................................................................................................ 27 5.2 Demográfico y Socioeconómico ............................................................................. 30 5.3. Presencia y Coordinación Internacional ................................................................ 40 6. PROGRAMAS DE CONSERVACIÓN .......................................................................... 41 6.1 SUBPROGRAMA DE PROTECCIÓN. .................................................................... 42 6.1.1 Componente Inspección y vigilancia. ............................................................... 43 6.1.2 Componente Mantenimiento de regímenes de perturbación y procesos ecológicos a gran escala. ......................................................................................... 43 6.1.3 Componente Preservación e integridad de zonas núcleo y áreas frágiles y sensibles................................................................................................................... 44 2 BORRADOR DE MODIFICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE PARA CONSULTA PÚBLICA, ART. 65 DE LGEEPA Y 79 DE SU REGLAMENTO EN MATERIA DE ANP 6.1.4 Componente de Protección contra especies exóticas invasoras y control de especies y poblaciones que se tornen perjudiciales .................................................. 45 6.1.5 Componente Mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. ............................... 47 6.2. SUB PROGRAMA DE MANEJO ........................................................................... 48 6.2.1 Componente Actividades extractivas ............................................................... 48 6.2.2. Componente Actividades productivas alternativas y tradicionales ................... 49 6.2.3. Componente mantenimiento de servicios ecosistémicos ................................ 51 6.3. SUBRPROGRAMA DE RESTAURACIÓN. ............................................................ 52 6.3.1. Componente Conectividad y ecología del paisaje ........................................... 52 6.4. SUBPROGRAMA DE CONOCIMIENTO. .............................................................. 54 6.4.1. Componente sistemas de información ............................................................ 54 6.5. SUPROGRAMA CULTURA ................................................................................... 55 6.5.1. Componente Fomento a la educación y cultura para la conservación ............. 55 6.5.2. Componente Capacitación para el desarrollo sostenible .................................... 56 6.6. SUBPROGRAMA GESTIÓN ................................................................................. 57 6.6.1. Componente Protección civil y mitigación de riesgos ...................................... 57 6.6.2. Componente Cooperación y designaciones internacionales ............................... 58 6.6.3. Componente infraestructura, señalización y obra pública ............................... 60 7. ZONIFICACIÓN Y SUBZONIFICACIÓN ................................................................... 61 Criterios de Subzonificación...................................................................................... 62 Metodología .............................................................................................................. 62 Subzonificación y políticas de manejo. ..................................................................... 63 PLANO DE UBICACIÓN Y SUBZONIFICACIÓN DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE .......................................................................................................... 85 8. REGLAS ADMINISTRATIVAS ..................................................................................... 86 Proceso de la evaluación ......................................................................................... 103 Bibliografía ..................................................................................................................... 104 3 BORRADOR DE MODIFICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SELVA EL OCOTE PARA CONSULTA PÚBLICA, ART. 65 DE LGEEPA Y 79 DE SU REGLAMENTO EN MATERIA DE ANP 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Desde la década de los cincuenta hubo propuestas y esfuerzos para proteger la Selva El Ocote por parte de naturalistas e investigadores como Miguel Álvarez del Toro, Faustino Miranda y Starker Leopold. El 24 de mayo de 1972 el gobierno del Estado de Chiapas declara a la Selva El Ocote como “Área natural y típica del Estado de Chiapas, tipo ecológico bosque lluvioso alto”, con una extensión de 10,000 hectáreas (Diario Oficial, 24 de mayo de 1972). Como resultado de una serie de solicitudes y gestiones ante diversas instituciones, se declara como Zona de Protección Forestal y Fáunica Selva El Ocote, con una extensión de 48,140 hectáreas (Diario Oficial, 20 de octubre de 1982). Posteriormente en el año 2000 (Diario Oficial, 27 de noviembre de 2000), se recategoriza y es declarada como área natural protegida bajo la categoría de Reserva de la Biosfera, ampliando su superficie, de acuerdo al Decreto por el que se declara como área natural protegida, con carácter de reserva de la biosfera la región conocida como Selva El Ocote, ubicada en los municipios Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Cintalapa de Figueroa, Tecpatán de Mezcalapa y Jiquipilas, en el Estado de Chiapas, con una superficie total de 101,288-15-12.50 hectáreas. La Selva EL Ocote, junto con los Chimalapas en Oaxaca y Uxpanapa en Veracruz, constituyen la segunda selva tropical más importante del país y posiblemente de Mesoamérica, por estar constituida por una gran riqueza biológica, además, se desarrolla sobre suelo kárstico lo que la hace especial, debido a la fragilidad y vulnerabilidad del suelo ante cualquier cambio o perturbación como los incendios forestales. Los incendios forestales en la Selva El Ocote se desplazan con gran facilidad sobre el suelo kárstico, en forma subterránea, haciendo difícil su observación y por tanto combate. Entre los ecosistemas presentes en la Reserva se encuentra la selva alta perennifolia, selva mediana subperennifolia, selva baja caducifolia y bosque de pino-encino. En estos ecosistemas se encuentran representadas de alrededor de 815 especies de flora, repartidas en 125 familias, de las cuales 32 especies se encuentran en la NOM-059- SEMARNAT-2010, Protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio- Lista de especies en riesgo. Las especies de orquídeas has sido estudiadas en los
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