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Presentación De Powerpoint MANEJO AGROECOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA Convolvulus arvensis L. Tamayo Esquer Luis Miguel, León Martínez Jesús Roberto, Fanny Isela Parra Cota, Tamayo Peñúñuri Luis Miguel y Tamayo Peñúñuri Diego David. [email protected], leó[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. PROBLEMÁTICA • La correhuela se incrementa y su control se dificulta... • Abandono de terrenos en verano (producción de semilla)… • Control cultural eficaz, no aprovechado… • Herbicidas escasos, eficacia y limitación en su uso… • Alternativas orgánicas con precios muy elevados… • Control biológico lento pero seguro… • Control Legal… • MIM. PROBLEMÁTICA DISEMINACIÓN EN EL CAMPO Producción de semilla Maquinaria, equipos y aperos Agua de riego / filtros de malla Libre pastoreo Uso de semilla y fertilizantes contaminados con semilla de Abonos orgánicos no fermentados correhuela. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA CORREHUELA VALLE DEL YAQUI, SONORA. Evolución de la infestación de correhuela en el valle de Mexicali, B. C. México. Distribución y estatus migratorio en México Infestando diferentes cultivos, en Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Estado de México, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas... Estatus migratorio en México: considerada como mala hierba exótica. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * 6 Villaseñor y Espinosa, 1998 UMBRALES ECONÓMICOS DAÑOS OCASIONADOS POR CORREHUELA EN TRIGO Y MAÍZ Biología y hábitos de la correhuela CULTURA TRADICIONALISTA «ABANDONO DE TERRENOS» ‘EN DESCANSO’ “CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA” “CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA” “CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA” “CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA” Antecedentes y experiencias exitosas En mayo de 2004, se liberaron en cítricos y nogal en la Costa de Hermosillo, A. malherbae se reprodujo y sobrevivió en campo por más de un año; por lo que se considera, que se ha establecido. La presencia de agallas en correhuela local, confirmaron su establecimiento. Para México, la importación y el establecimiento de A. malherbae, representa el primer caso exitoso de control biológico clásico de una maleza. Rodríguez N., S. 2009. Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, México DF. INNOVACIÓN EN EL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA Control C B O I Biológico N O T L R Ó RIEGO O G L I C 0 SURCADO REVESTIR «TERRENO 3er RASTREO 2do 1er EN RASTREO COSECHA RASTREO LABORES DE PREPARACIÓN DESCANSO» LABORES DE PREPARACIÓN MAYO JUNIO JULIO AGOSTO SEPTIEMBRE OCTUBRE NOVIEMBRE TECNOLOGÍA: «CONTROL CULTURAL DE CORREHUELA» CONTROL CULTURAL EN POSTEMERGENCIA DE TRIGO • «Trigo en Surcos»: – Semilla (baja densidad): 80-120 k/ha (<50%). – Ingreso maquinaria y MO (deshierbes) sin daño. – Dos hileras en surcos a 80 cm. – 2 a 3 cultivos y deshierbes. – Tres hileras (80, 90 cm)…. – Cuatro hileras (80, 90, 100 cm)… – Control químico («banda»): <60% costo herbicidas postemergentes selectivos… 1ER 2DA 3ERA ESCARDA ESCARDA ESCARDA SIEMBRA EN SURCOS CONTROL CULTURAL EN POSTEMERGENCIA DE MAÍZ LIBERACIÓN DE PARCELA MANEJO DE CORREHUELA CONTROL CULTURAL Y QUÍMICO 100 % de infestación EN TRIGO. 1998-2002. 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Liberación 20 de parcela 10 0 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 Control Cultural: - Barbecho -Glifosato -Thifensulfurón + metsulfurón -Glifosato - Rastreo (2) Control Aplicación Aplicación Aplic. Madurez - Surcado Químico: presiembra postemergencia fisiológica LIBERACIÓN DE PARCELA CONTROL CULTURAL Y QUÍMICO EN MAÍZ-TRIGO. 2005-08. 100 % de infestación 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Liberación de parcela 0 2005-06 MAÍZ 2006-07 TRIGO 2007-08 TRIGO Control -2,4-D -Thifensulfurón + metsulfurón Cultural: -GLIFOSATO -GLIFOSATO - Barbecho - Rastreo (2) Control Químico: Aplicación Aplicación Aplicación madurez - Surcado presiembra postemergencia fisiológica HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO CONTROL DE CORREHUELA EN PRESIEMBRA Y DIRIGIDO HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO « CORREHUELA EN TRIGO » APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN POSTEMERGENTE APLICACIÓN POSTEMERGENTE POSTEMERGENTE NO SELECTIVA NO SELECTIVA DIRIGIDA NO SELECTIVA PRESIEMBRA PRESIEMBRA HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO HERBICIDA HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO ORGÁNICO D E P S L A A R D N R E T O A L S L O PRESIEMBRA SIEMBRA PLÁNTULA AMACOLLAMIENTO ENCAÑE EMBUCHE ESPIGAMIENTO MADUREZ COSECHA POSTCOSECHA APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN ÓPTIMA ÓPTIMA ÓPTIMA CORREHUELA CORREHUELA CORREHUELA HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO « CORREHUELA EN MAÍZ » APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN POSTEMERGENTE APLICACIÓN POSTEMERGENTE POSTEMERGENTE NO SELECTIVA NO SELECTIVA DIRIGIDA NO SELECTIVA PRESIEMBRA PRESIEMBRA HERBICIDA HERBICIDA HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO ORGÁNICO ORGÁNICO D E P S L A A R D N R E T O A L S L O PRESIEMBRA GERMINACIÓN-EMERGENCIA ETAPA V6 ETAPAS V9-12 ETAPA VT (PANOJA) ESTADÍOS REPRODUCTIVOS MADUREZ COSECHA POSTCOSECHA APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN APLICACIÓN ÓPTIMA ÓPTIMA ÓPTIMA CORREHUELA CORREHUELA CORREHUELA RESULTADOS DEL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA EN NOGAL. SUR DE SONORA, MÉXICO. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA COBERTURA E INFESTACIÓN DE CORREHUELA CON EL ÁCARO AGALLADOR EN HUERTA DE NOGAL DEL VALLE DEL YAQUI, SONORA, MÉXICO. 2013-14. COBERTURA PORCENTAJE DE PLANTAS FECHA (%) OBSERVACIÓN INFESTADAS (%) 30-MAY-2013 (A) 100 0 Colocación de macetas infestadas 26-JUL-2013 (B) 100 50 Muestreo visual 10-AGO-2013 (C) 100 60 Muestreo visual plantas necróticas 07-SEP-2013 (D) 23 90 Infestación controlada 27-SEP-2013 (E) 17 100 Infestación camino presencia acaro 04-NOV-2013 (F) 55 100 Infestación en área controlada 21-NOV-2013 (G) 43 100 Infestación de ácaros 10-ENE-2014 (H) 50 100 Presencia de ácaros en planta Munguía-Cajigas, L. A., Tamayo-Esquer, L. M. y A. Vega-Verdugo 2014. Evaluación del ácaro agallador Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci sobre el control biológico de correhuela Convolvulus arvensis L. en el sur de Sonora, México. Memoria XVII Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de la UABC, Mexicali, México. 24 RESULTADOS DEL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA EN NOGAL 2013-14. PORCENTAJE DE COBERTURA DE CORREHUELA COMO RESULTADO DEL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO EN EL VALLE DEL YAQUI, SONORA, MÉXICO. 2014 % 25 Munguía-Cajigas, L. A., Tamayo-Esquer, L. M. y A. Vega-Verdugo 2014. Evaluación del ácaro agallador Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci sobre el control biológico de correhuela Convolvulus arvensis L. en el sur de Sonora, México. Memoria XVII Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de la UABC, Mexicali, México. RESULTADOS DEL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA EN NOGAL 2013-14. PESO FRESCO Y SECO DE RIZOMAS DE CORREHUELA COMO RESULTADO DE Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci EN EL VALLE DEL YAQUI, SONORA, MÉXICO. 350 gr 295.3 300 250 219.5 200 150 119.6 100 84.1 50 0 Testigo Enhierbado Peso Fresco Peso Seco Control biológico Munguía-Cajigas, L. A., Tamayo-Esquer, L. M. y A. Vega-Verdugo 2014. Evaluación del ácaro agallador Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci sobre el control biológico de correhuela Convolvulus arvensis L. en el sur de Sonora, México. Memoria XVII Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Agrícolas de26 la UABC, Mexicali, México. RESULTADOS DE CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA EN TRIGO 2014-15. EFECTO SOBRE GUÍAS DE CORREHUELA DEL ÁCARO AGALLADOR EN TRIGO EN EL VALLE DE MEXICALI, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO. Gómez, et al, 2016. RESULTADOS DEL CONTROL BIOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA EN TRIGO 2014-15. EFECTO SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE CORREHUELA DEL ÁCARO AGALLADOR EN TRIGO EN VALLE DE MEXICALI, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO. GÓMEZ, ET AL, 2016. CONTROL DE CORREHUELA INNOVANDO EL CONTROL «BIOLÓGICO» CULTURAL Y QUÍMICO EN MAÍZ CICLOS 2017-20. 100 % cobertura % Control 92.9 78 80 70 60 48.6 40 36 20 15 0 5 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 COBERTURA DE CORREHUELA EN PARCELA DE VALIDACIÓN EN MAÍZ 2017-19. EVOLUCIÓN DEL CONTROL DE CORREHUELA COMO EFECTO DE LA INTEGRACIÓN DEL CONTROL CULTURAL, QUÍMICO Y BIOLÓGICO EN EL SUR DE SONORA. 2017-19. NIVELES DE DAÑO EN CORREHUELA DEL ÁCARO AGALLADOR NORMAL LEVE MEDIO FUERTE SEVERO COBERTURA DE CORREHUELA EN PARCELA DE VALIDACIÓN EN MAÍZ 2020. RESULTADOS DEL HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO EN CORREHUELA 2020. CONTROL DE CORREHUELA CON LA APLICACIÓN DEL HERBICIDA ORGÁNICO (SEC NATURAL) BAJO CONDICIONES DE ESTRÉS EN LA POSTCOSECHA DE MAÍZ. VERANO 2020. Tratamiento Dósis % de control cc/litro 15 30 45dda 1. Testigo sin aplicación -- 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 d 2. Testigo regional* 16 + 5 27.5 a 27.5 a 30.0 c 3. Sec Natural** 10 35.0 a 35.0 a 36.3 b 4. Sec Natural 20 35.0 a 35.0 a 36.3 b 5. Sec Natural 30 27.5 a 27.5 a 30.0 c 6. Sec Natural + Azteca*** 10 + 1 35.0 a 35.0 a 40.0 a 7. Sec Natural + Azteca 20 + 1 35.0 a 35.0 a 40.0 a 8. Sec Natural + Azteca 30 + 1 37.5 a 37.5 a 40.0 a Tukey’s 0.05 2.224 2.224 0.625 MANEJO AGROECOLÓGICO DE CORREHUELA Convolvulus arvensis L. Tamayo Esquer Luis Miguel, León Martínez Jesús Roberto, Fanny Isela Parra Cota, Tamayo Peñúñuri Luis Miguel y Tamayo Peñúñuri Diego David. [email protected], leó[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]..
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