Shinkansen Investment Before and After JNR Reform
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Shinkansen Bullet Train
Jōetsu Shinkansen (333.9 km) Train Names: TOKI, TANIGAWA Max-TOKI, Max-TANIGAWA JAPAN RAIL PASS Can also be Used for Shinkansen Jōetsu Shinkansen "Max-TOKI"etc. “bullet train” Travel Akita Shinkansen "KOMACHI" Akita Shinkansen (662.6 km) Train Name: KOMACHI Akita Shin-Aomori Yamagata Shinkansen "TSUBASA" Hokuriku Shinkansen (450.5 km) Yamagata Shinkansen Train Names: KAGAYAKI, HAKUTAKA, (421.4 km) Shinjo¯ Morioka TSURUGI, ASAMA Train Name: TSUBASA Niigata Yamagata Sendai Kanazawa Toyama Nagano Hokuriku Shinkansen "KAGAYAKI"etc. Fukushima Takasaki Omiya¯ Sanyō & Kyūshū Shinkansen "SAKURA" Sanyō Shinkansen (622.3 km) Train Names: NOZOMI*, MIZUHO*, Tōhoku Shinkansen "HAYABUSA "etc. Tōkaidō & Sanyō Shinkansen "HIKARI" HIKARI (incl. HIKARI Rail Star), SAKURA, KODAMA Tōkaidō Shinkansen (552.6 km) (Tōkyō thru Hakata, 1,174.9km) Train Names: NOZOMI*, HIKARI, KODAMA Hakata Kokura Hiroshima Okayama Shin-Osaka¯ Kyōto Nagoya Shin-Yokohama Shinagawa Tokyo¯ ¯ * There are six types of train services, “NOZOMI,” “MIZUHO,” “HIKARI,” “SAKURA,” “KODAMA” and “TSUBAME” trains on the Tōkaidō, Sanyō and Kyūshū Shinkansen, and the stations at which trains stop vary with train types. The JAPAN RAIL PASS is only valid for “HIKARI,” “SAKURA,” “KODAMA” Tōhoku Shinkansen "HAYATE," "YAMABIKO,"etc. and “TSUBAME” trains, and not valid for any seats, reserved or non-reserved, on “NOZOMI” and “MIZUHO” trains. To travel on the Tōkaidō, Sanyō and Kyūshū Shinkansen, the pass holders must take Tōhoku Shinkansen (713.7 km) “HIKARI,” “SAKURA,” “KODAMA” or “TSUBAME” trains, or -
Shinkansen - Bullet Train
Shinkansen - Bullet Train Sea of Japan Shin-Aomori Hachinohe Akita Shinkansen Akita Morioka Yamagata Shinkansen Shinjyo Tohoku Shinkansen Yamagata Joetsu Shinkansen Sendai Niigata Fukushima North Pacific Ocean Hokuriku Shinkansen Nagano Takasaki Sanyo Shinkansen Omiya Tokyo Kyoto Nagoya Okayama Shin-Yokohama Hiroshima Kokura Shin-osaka Hakata Tokaido Shinkansen Kumamoto Kyushu Shinkansen Kagoshima-chuo Source: Based on websites of MLIT Japan (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and railway companies in Japan As of July 2014 The high-speed Shinkansen trail over 2,663 km connects the major cities throughout Japan. The safe and punctual public transportation system including trains and buses is convenient to move around in Japan. < Move between major cities > (approximate travel time) Tokyo to: Shin-Aomori (3 hours and 10 minutes) Akita (3 hours and 50 minutes) Niigata (2 hours and 23 minutes) Nagano (1 hours and 55 minutes) Shin-Osaka (2 hours and 38 minutes) Hakata (5 hours and 28 minutes) Shin-Osaka to: Nagoya (53 minutes) Hiroshima (1 hours and 34 minutes) Hakata (2 hours and 48 minutes) Hakata to: Kaghoshima-chuo (1 hours and 42 minutes) This document is owned or licensed by JETRO and providers of the information content. This document shall not be reproduced or reprinted on any medium or registered on any search system in whole or part by any means, without prior permission of JETRO. Although JETRO makes its best efforts to ensure the correctness of the information contained in Copyright (C) 2014 Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). All rights reserved. this document, JETRO does not take any responsibility regarding losses derived from the information contained in this document. -
Train Scheduling of Shinkansen and Relationship to Reliable Train Operation
Computers in Railways XII 133 Train scheduling of Shinkansen and relationship to reliable train operation S. Sone & Y. Zhongping Beijing Jiaotong University, China Abstract This paper explains why security is important, especially in Asia, as well as safety, and how we established reliable transportation in the Japanese Shinkansen, mainly in relation to train scheduling. The authors also describe several ideas actually taken by Shinkansen in order to realise reliable operation even in the case of possible disturbances. Out of many ideas, some examples of which are shown here, selective adoption according to the purpose of the railway or line is strongly recommended, together with given conditions taken into account. Keywords: disturbance, punctuality, reliable operation, spare time, train scheduling. 1 Introduction Features of east-Asian high-speed railways are very dense passenger flow together with frequent train operation with a big capacity. In order to realise reliable transportation in this circumstance, safe train operation in a narrow sense, which is guaranteed mainly by signalling system, is not enough; secure passenger flow must also be guaranteed even when some traffic disturbances take place. This is the reason why the authors present this paper, which mainly deals with security rather than safety, for the special invited session of "Traffic Control and Safety of High-speed Railways in Asia". Just after the inauguration of Tokaido Shinkansen in 1964, we had many disruptions to train operation due to rain and snowfall, breakdown of the power feeding system, deterioration of track conditions due to excess axleload, etc. In a narrow sense of safety, the Japanese Shinkansen carried more than nine billion passengers without any casualty by train accident, which is by far the safest WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol 114, © 2010 WIT Press www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 (on-line) doi:10.2495/CR100131 134 Computers in Railways XII railway in the world. -
Railway Stations Adapting to Future Society Railway Stations Adapting to Future Society
Railway Stations ADAPTING TO FUTURE SOCIETY Railway Stations ADAPTING TO FUTURE SOCIETY CONTENTS 3 FOREWORD BY UIC DIRECTOR-GENERAL 5 UIC STATION MANAGERS GLOBAL GROUP 7 HISTORY OF STATIONS: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT 03 MODEL OF STATION CONCEPT 11 OPERATION faCELIFT: MAJOR PROJECTS STATION RENOvaTION POLICIES, TRENDS AND CHALLENGES 60 A QUICK LOOK AT SOME STATIONS AROUND THE WORLD... 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY Railway Stations ADAPTING TO FUTURE SOCIETY FOREWORD BY UIC DIRECTOR-GENERAL JEAN-PIERRE LOUBINOUX tations emerged alongside railways, as the Stations have gradually become organised, transfor- In the visual representations you will see the chan- staging-posts of this new industrial era. med and developed to host all those passing through ging relationships between station stakeholders. They increased in number as railways deve- – whether travellers or not – and to offer board, lod- As well as a depiction of how the concept of a “sta- loped into networks that, in turn, could only ging, or other everyday services. And since we must tion” has changed over time and the interaction Sdevelop alongside stations. From the outset, stations always go via somewhere in order to go anywhere, between stations and their urban environment, two 3 have been essential to the departure, the passage stations have become an interface between all the slides explain complex phenomena which vary ac- and the arrival of trains, and to the ebb and flow of various modes of mobility – trains, metro, buses, cars cording to the context and reality of each country all the travellers they carry. A railway network can and bicycles. They have thus become mediators and and even each station, all focusing on a complex web be seen as lines irrigating a geographical area in the organisers of daily mobility. -
Opening of Tohoku Shinkansen Extension to Shin Aomori and Development of New Faster Carriages—Overview of Series E5/E6 Shinichiro Tajima
Expansion of High-Speed Rail Services Opening of Tohoku Shinkansen Extension to Shin Aomori and Development of New Faster Carriages—Overview of Series E5/E6 Shinichiro Tajima Introduction FASTECH 360 Z were started in June 2010. These carriages will be coupled with Series E5 carriages in commercial In preparation for the December 2010 opening of the Tohoku operation to run at 320 km/h. Shinkansen extension to Shin Aomori, JR East worked steadily from 2002 on technologies to increase speed, Path to Speed Increase finally settling on a commercial operating speed of 320 km/h after various considerations, including running tests using The Tohoku Shinkansen started operation in 1982 at a the FASTECH 360 test train. Furthermore, Series E5 pre- maximum speed of 210 km/h. Today, the commercial production models were built to determine the specifications operation speed is 275 km/h but 20 years have passed since of carriages used for commercial operations; running tests the first 275 km/h operation with Series 200 carriages on the confirmed the final specifications ahead of introduction of the Joetsu Shinkansen in 1990. Full-scale operation at 275 km/h Series E5 in spring 2011. Moreover, Series E6 pre-production started with the introduction of the E3 and E2 at the opening models reflecting development successes using the of the Akita Shinkansen and Nagano Shinkansen in 1997. Figure 1 Path to Speed Increase km/h 450 JNR JR 425 km/h (STAR21, 1993) Max. test speed 400 345.8 km/h (400 series, 1991) 350 319 km/h 320 km/h (961 series, 1979) 300 km/h (2013) (2011) 300 275 km/h (1990) Max. -
How the Punctuality of the Shinkansen Has Been Achieved
Computers in Railways XII 111 How the punctuality of the Shinkansen has been achieved N. Tomii Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan Abstract The high speed railway line in Japan began operation in 1964. The high speed railway is called the Shinkansen and is known for its safety and reliability. In addition, the Shinkansen is well known for punctuality. As a matter of fact, the average delay of trains is less than one minutes every year. The Shinkansen runs along dedicated lines, which seem to be advantageous in keeping punctuality. However, there are lots of disadvantages as well. For example, although traffic is very dense, resources are not abundant. In some Shinkansen lines, trains go directly through conventional railway lines and the Shinkansen is easily influenced by the disruption of those lines. Punctuality of the Shinkansen is supported by hardware, software and humanware. In this paper, we first introduce a brief history of the Shinkansen and then focus on humanware, which makes the punctuality possible. Keywords: high speed trains, punctuality, rescheduling, Shinkansen. 1 Introduction In 1964, a high speed railway line opened in Japan. The new line connects Tokyo, the capitol, and Osaka, the second largest city located 600 km away. The maximum speed of trains was 210km/h, which was almost twice that of other trains in those days and the travelling time between these two cities was halved to only three hours and ten minutes. The new high-speed line was called the Shinkansen and it had a great impact not only on railways in Japan, but also on railways worldwide. -