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ITTO Project TFL-PD 019/10 Rev.2 (M) Developing Collaborative Management of Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java Indonesia

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ITTO Project TFL-PD 019/10 Rev.2 (M) Developing Collaborative Management of Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java Indonesia ITTO Project TFL-PD 019/10 Rev.2 (M) Developing Collaborative Management of Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java Indonesia (Integrated Strategic Management Plan for Cibodas Biosphere Reserve) Laporan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Terkait Output 2 “Integrated Management Plan for Cibodas Biosphere Reserve Formulated” Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Bekerjasama dengan Konsultan Internasional Cibodas, Desember 2012 i KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan YME dengan selesainya laporan konsultansi ITTO untuk menyusun Rencana Strategi Terpadu Pengelolaan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas (Integrated Strategic Management Plan for Cibodas Biosphere Reserve). Dokumen ini disusun berdasarkan mandat dari program UNESCO Man and Biosphere mengenai keseimbangan antara konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Renstra memuat informasi tentang sasaran-sasaran pengelolaan yang ingin dicapai serta program dan kegiatan pengelolaan yang relevan dan diperlukan untuk mencapai sasaran-sasaran tersebut berikut sumberdaya yang dibutuhkan. Kegiatan penyusunan strategi terpadu pengelolaan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas adalah merupakan kompilasi dari Activity 2.1 dan 2.2 dari Proyek ITTO TFL-PD 019/10 Rev. 2 (M). Laporan kegiatan ini secara singkat menguraikan rencana strategis pengelolaan yang ingin dilaksanakan dalam jangka menengah dengan mengacu pada permasalahan yang ada, ketersediaan sumberdaya, serta peluang, kendala maupun tantangan guna merumuskan pemecahannya dan selanjutnya dituangkan sebagai strategi pengelolaan jangka menengah dengan tetap mengacu pada rencana pengelolaan jangka panjang (RPTN) propinsi Jawa Barat dan tiga kabupaten terkait yakni Bogor, Cianjur dan Sukabumi. Dengan selesainya penyusunan rencana strategi pengelolaan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas ini, kami ucapkan terimakasih kepada Kepala Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango beserta jajarannya; Dr Samedi dkk; Dr Purwanto; Mr. Usep Suparman; anggota tim penyusun yakni Drh Indra Exploitasia, Yani Septiani MSc, Diah Herlinawati, dan semua pihak yang telah memberikan kontribusi dalam satu dan lain bentuk. Semoga dokumen ini bermanfaat bagi pembangunan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas. Penyusun, Hiras P. Sidabutar ii DAFTAR ISI RENCANA STRATEGI TERPADU PENGELOLAAN CAGAR BIOSFER CIBODAS (INTEGRATED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CIBODAS BIOSPHERE RESERVE) KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................. ............ ...... ii DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... .................. iii 1. PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latarbelakang Informasi..................................................................................... ...... 1 1.2 Proyek ITTO TFL-PD 019/10 Rev. 2 (M) .............................................................. 2 1.3 Penyusunan Strategi Terpadu Pengelolaan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas (CBC)............. 2 1.4 Organisasi Dokumen Strategi.............................................................................. 2 2. KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN CAGAR BIOSFER 2.1 Konsep Dasar Pembangunan Cagar Biosfer....................................................... .... 5 2.2 Seville Strategy.................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Madrid Action Plan (MAP) ........................................................................................ 8 3. CAGAR BIOSFER INDONESIA DAN CAGAR BIOSFER CIBODAS 3.1 Cagar Biosfer Indonesia..................................................................................... ...... 12 3.2 Cagar Biosfer Cibodas ...................................................................................... ...... 14 3.2.1 Penetapan Kawasan................................................................................ 14 3.2.2 Potensi dan Kondisi Kawasan ................................................................. 16 a. Zona inti............................................................................................ ...... 16 b. Zona penyangga................................................................................ 21 c. Zona transisi...................................................................................... 23 3.3 Keunggulan Cagar Biosfer Cibodas..................................................................... 24 3.4 Ancaman dan Tantangan Pengelolaan ................................................................ 25 3.4.1 Definisi Konflik ...................................................................................... ...... 26 3.4.2 Jenis-jenis konflik................................................................................... 26 a. Konflik tata ruang dan tata guna lahan................................................ 27 b. Konflik pemanfaatan kehati.................................................................. 29 b.1. Konflik lahan garapan.............................................................. ...... 31 b.2. Perambahan.............................................................................. 32 iii 4. IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP CAGAR BIOSFER DI CAGAR BIOSFER CIBODAS 4.1 Sistem Zonasi yang Berlaku ............................................................................... 34 4.2 Usulan Zonasi Cagar Biosfer Cibodas................................................................. 36 4.2.1 Metoda .................................................................................................. 36 4.2.2 Kriteria zonasi......................................................................................... 36 4.2.3 Analisis zonasi........................................................................................ 36 4.2.4 Zonasi usulan......................................................................................... 39 4.3 Arahan Pengelolaan Ruang CBC......................................................................... 39 5. RENCANA STRATEGI TERPADU PENGELOLAAN CBC 5.1 Definisi dan Relevansi Strategi ........................................................................... 42 5.2 Ciri Pokok Strategi yang Diinginkan .................................................................... 43 5.3 Pendekatan........................................................................................................ 43 5.4 Analisis Masalah................................................................................................. 45 5.5 Strategi Dasar Pengelolaan CBC......................................................................... 49 6. RENCANA PROGRAM DAN AKSI JANGKA MENENGAH (2013-2020) 6.1 Prioritasi............................................................................................................. 51 6.2 Rencana Program dan Aksi Pengelolaan (RPAP) ................................................. 51 6.3 Estimasi Anggaran Belanja ................................................................................. 52 6.4 Logical Framework.............................................................................................. 63 7. PENUTUP 7.1 Kondisi Pemungkin (enabling conditions) ............................................................ 63 7.2 Rencana Monitoring dan Evaluasi ....................................................................... 68 Lampiran Lampiran 1. Arah kebijakan pengelolaan ruang CBC Lampiran 2. Spesifikasi inputs kegiatan dan estimasi biaya RPAP 2013-2020 Lampiran 3. Terms of Reference (TOR) iv 1. PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Informasi Cagar biosfer adalah kawasan yang ditunjuk oleh suatu negara melalui kerjasama program Man and Biosphere (MAB)-UNESCO untuk mempromosikan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan pembangunan berkelanjutan berlandaskan upaya masyarakat lokal dan ilmu pengetahuan yang handal. Cagar biosfer adalah kawasan yang ideal untuk menguji dan mendemonstrasikan pendekatan-pendekatan yang mengarah kepada pembangunan berkelanjutan pada tingkat regional (UNESCO 2003). Karena itu cagar biosfer adalah kawasan konservasi yang keberadaannya diakui secara international sebagai suatu kawasan yang mempromosikan keseimbangan hubungan antara manusia dan lingkungan. Cagar Biosfer Cibodas (CBC) merupakan salah satu dari delapan cagar biosfer yang ada di Indonesia dengan ekosistem terbesar hutan hujan pegunungan. Fungsi dari CBC tidak saja dipahami sebagai pendukung kehidupan secara langsung, seperti sumber air minum dan habitat beranekaragaman mahluk, tapi juga memiliki berbagai fungsi ekologis seperti pengendali banjir, erosi, pencemaran, dan pengendalian iklim global. Kawasan konservasi juga akan sulit dipulihkan kondisinya apabila terdegradasi, dan perlu bertahun-tahun untuk pemulihannya. Dengan demikian, untuk melestarikan fungsi kawasan CBC sebagai pengatur siklus air dan penyedia air permukaan maupun air tanah perlu dilakukan pengelolaan secara bijaksana dengan memperhatikan keseimbangan ekologis dan kepentingan generasi sekarang dan mendatang. Sebagian Areal CBC Gunung Gede Pangrango (foto Balai Besar TNGGP) Secara administratif, kawasan CBC dengan area inti Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) terletak di provinsi Jawa Barat dan tersebar di tiga wilayah kabupatan, yaitu Kabupaten Bogor, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi dengan batas wilayah luar adalah jalan/lingkar Ciawi, Puncak, Cianjur, dan Sukabumi. Sebagian besar dari TNGGP adalah hutan hujan pegunungan sementara wilayah penyangga adalah merupakan wilayah pemanfaatan dan pemukiman penduduk yang sangat penting. Provinsi Jawa Barat, dibentuk berdasarkan UU No.11 Tahun 1950, tentang
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