Kajian Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penata Kelolaan Dan Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Cianjur Selatan Kabupaten Cianjur

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Kajian Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penata Kelolaan Dan Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Cianjur Selatan Kabupaten Cianjur ......... / ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA LAPORAN AKHIR TAHUN PENELITIAN PRODUK TERAPAN Tahun Anggaran 2017 (Tahap I ) KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENATA KELOLAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI CIANJUR SELATAN KABUPATEN CIANJUR Tahun ke 1 dari Rencana 2 Tahun Ketua Tim Peneliti Dr. Yaya Mulyana, A. Aziz NIDN 0429076401 Anggota Tim Peneliti Drs. Abu Huraerah, M.Si NIDN 0404026201 DRS. Ediyanto, M.Si NIDN 0023095901 LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS PASUNDAN BANDUNG 2017 Dibiayai oleh : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Abstrak Dalam perekonomian nasional, pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang diharapkan mampu memberikan peningkatan pendapatan melalui penerimaan devisa. Sektor pariwisata memberi dampak yang sangat besar bagi masyarakat, terutama masyarakat yang berada di kawasan atau lokasi yang menjadi tujuan wisatawan. Pariwisata merupakan sektor yang terus-menerus dikembangkan pemerintah sebagai sebagai pilar pembangunan nasional karena mampu menopang perekonomian nasional pada saat dunia sedang mengalami krisis. Kepariwisataan sebagai upaya ekonomi, bukan saja padat modal, tetapi juga padat karya. Dengan demikian, sektor pariwisata mampu meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Penyerapan ini sangat berhubungan dengan peningkatan pariwisata sebagai andalan yang mampu menggalakkan sektor lain yang terkait. Pola pengelolaan kawasan pariwisata yang tidak menyeluruh telah menimbulkan dampak negatif yang mengakibatkan menurunnya daya tarik obyek wisata. Pengembangan kegiatan pariwisata masih berfokus di daerah Cianjur utara dan itu pun hanya pengembangan aspek fisik saja, seperti hanya mengembangkan potensi alamnya, misalnya Kebun Raya Cibodas, Pantai Jayanti, Curug Citambur, Waduk Jangari, Tracking Gunung Gede, dan Kota Bunga. Sementara untuk pengembangan kegiatan pariwisata belum terlihat upaya menciptakan obyek pariwisata baru, seperti dengan mengembangkan potensi wisata pantai yang berada di daerah Cianjur Selatan dan budaya lokal kabupaten cianjur pada umumnya yang bisa dijadikan daya tarik bagi pariwisata di kabupaten cianjur seperti upacara adat yang dimiliki atau kegiatan unik. Wisata kebudayaan potensial yang terus-menerus dikembangkan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Cianjur adalah Situs Gunung Padang Cianjur, Pantai Jayanti, Pantai Sereg dan atau Pantai Apra Sindangbarang Cianjur yang berada di daerah Cianjur Selatan yang hingga dewasa ini banyak dikunjungi wisatawan. Pantai di Cianjur Selatan memang belum bisa disejajarkan dengan Pantai Palabuhanratu di Kabupaten Sukabumi yang sudah lebih dulu menjadi kawasan wisata pantai atau Pantai Pangandaran di Kabupaten Pangandaran. Namun dari eksotisme serta kesempatannya untuk berkembang dinilai tak kalah menarik. Hanya saja memang konsep penataannya masih alakadarnya. Kebijakan sebagai suatu proses berarti pembuatan kebijakan tidak selesai setelah kebijakan tersebut ditentukan ataupun disetujui.PNamun, hal ini berarti ada sebuah tindakan pasca proses kebijakan agar tujuan yang diharapkan dapat tercapai. Dalam kedudukannya yang sangat menentukan itu, maka daya tarik wisata harus dirancang dan dibangun/dikelola secara profesional sehingga dapat menarik wisatawan untuk datang untuk datang. Membangun suatu objek wisata harus dirancang sedemikian rupa berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Daftar isi Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................... i Daftar Isi.................................................................................................... ii Bab I pendahuluan..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................. 7 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 8 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian.................................................................. 8 1.5 Ruang Lingkup Kajian .............................................................. 8 Bab II LANDASAN TEORITIS ............................................................... 9 2.1. Konsep Kebijakan Publik ........................................................ 9 2.2.1. Karakteristik Model Kebijakan ........................................ 12 2.2.2. Model Pembuatan Kebijakan ........................................... 13 2.2.2.1. Model Elit.................................................................. 13 2.2.2.2. Model Kelompok ...................................................... 14 2.2.2.3. Model Institusional.................................................... 15 2.2.2.4. Model Inkrimental ..................................................... 16 2.2.2.5. Model Sistem Teori (Policy as sytem output) ........... 17 2.2.2.6. Model Rasional ........................................................ 18 2.2.2.7. Model Proses ............................................................. 21 2.3. Konsep Implementasi Kebijakan ......................................... 22 2.4 Model dalam Proses Implementasi Kebijakan ...................... 29 2.4.1. Model Edward III ........................................................... 30 2.4.2. Model Daniel A. Mazmanian & Paul A. Sabatier .......... 35 2.4.3. Model Nugroho ............................................................. 38 2.5 Pengertian Pariwisata ............................................................... 39 2.6 Berbagai Macam Bentuk Wisata .............................................. 41 2.7 Pengembangan Wisata ............................................................. 49 2.8 Upaya pengembangan Pariwisata ............................................. 23 2.9. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengembangan wisata 61 2.9.1. Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Kab. Cianjur.......... 67 BAB III TUJAUAN DAN MANFAAT PENELITIAN ........................ 71 3.1. Tujuan ..................................................................................... 71 3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................. 71 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN 4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................... 73 4.1.1. Jenis Penelitian .................................................................. 73 4.1.2. Jenis Data .......................................................................... 73 4.2. Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................... 73 4.3. Objek Penelitian ...................................................................... 74 4.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................... 74 4.5. Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................... 75 BAB V GAMBARAN UMUM OBJEK PENELITIAN 5.1 Kondisi Umum Kab. Cianjur ....................................................... 76 5.2 Dinas Pariwisata,Kepemudaan dan Olah Raga Kab.Cianjur ...... 80 5.2.1 Struktur Organisasi ............................................................... 80 5.2.2 Program Pengembangan wisata ............................................ 81 BAB VI HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................... 82 6.1 Pengembangan Pariwisata ............................................................. 82 6.2 Upaya Pengembangan Pariwisata ................................................. 85 6.3 Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata . 95 BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................... 7.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 100 7.2. Saran ............................................................................................ 102 Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................... 104 Lampiran Foto kegiatan penelitian .......................................................................... 75 Logbook ................................................................................................. 79 Materi SeminarInternational (Korea Selatan) ......................................... 86 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar .2.2 Model Implementasi Kebijakan menurut Grindle dalam Wibawa (1994) Gambar 2.3. : Faktor yang Menentukan Keberhasilan Kebijakan Publik Gambar 2.4. : Model Implementasi Kebijakan Langsung dan Tidak Langsung. Gambar 2.5. : Model A Frame Work for Implementations Analysis. Gambar 2.6. : Model Sekuensi Implementasi Kebijakan. 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latarbelakang Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor pembangunan yang saat ini sedang digalakkan oleh pemerintah. Pariwisata di Indonesia merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi penting. Di samping sebagai mesin penggerak ekonomi, pariwisata adalah wahana yang menarik untuk mengurangi angka pengangguran. Dalam perekonomian nasional, pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang diharapkan mampu memberikan peningkatan pendapatan melalui penerimaan devisa. Sektor pariwisata memberi dampak yang sangat besar bagi masyarakat, terutama masyarakat yang berada di kawasan atau lokasi yang menjadi tujuan wisatawan. Pariwisata merupakan sektor yang terus-menerus dikembangkan pemerintah sebagai sebagai pilar pembangunan nasional karena mampu menopang perekonomian nasional pada saat dunia sedang mengalami krisis. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 dinyatakan bahwa pembangunan kepariwisataan diperlukan
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