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Indagine Cecidologica Sulle Prealpi Giulie Occidentali (Friuli Venezia Giulia-Italia) I

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Indagine Cecidologica Sulle Prealpi Giulie Occidentali (Friuli Venezia Giulia-Italia) I Atti Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Trieste 53 2006 101-185 ottobre 2007 ISSN: 0365-1576 INDAGINE CECIDOLOGICA SULLE PREALPI GIULIE OCCIDENTALI (FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA-ITALIA) I ETTORE TOMASI Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, Piazza A. Hortis 4, I-34123 Trieste, Italia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract - Investigation Gall-making of the Julian west Prealps (Friuli Venezia Giulia, North-Eastern Italy). The autors reports results, archieved between 1985 and 2006, of the investigation concerning the gall-making organisms of the Julian west Prealps and the natural Park with the same name (Friuli Venezia Giulia, North-Eastern Italy). 705 spe- cies have been identified, subdivided as follows: Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiaceae (1), Gammaproteobacteria Pseudo- monadaceae (1), Gammaproteobacteria Xanthomonadaceae (1), Oomycetes Albuginaceae (1), Oomycetes Peronospora- ceae (1), Aschomycota Arthoniaceae (1), Ascomycota Didymosphaeriaceae (1), Ascomycota Dothideaceae (2), Ascomy- cota Hypocreaceae (1), Ascomycota Lecanoraceae (1), Ascomycota Dermateaceae (1), Ascomycota Rhytismataceae (3), Ascomycota Taphrinaceae (17), Incertae sedis (2), Basidiomycota Coleosporiaceae (2), Basidiomycota Melamsporace- ae (7), Basidiomycota Phragmidiaceae (4), Basidiomycota Pucciniaceae (95), Basidiomycota Pucciniastraceae (4), Incertae sedis (1), Basidiomycota Exobasidiaceae (3), Basidiomycota Tilletiaceae (7), Basidiomycota Ustilaginaceae (38), Chytridiomycota Physodermataceae (1), Chytridiomycota Synchytriaceae (4), Mitosporic Fungi (2), Angiosparmae Dicotyledones (1), Nematoda Anguinidae (11), Nematoda Heteroderidae (1), Acari sp. (2), Acari Phytoptidae (3), Acari Eriophyidae (117), Heteroptera Tingidae (2), Homoptera Aphalaridae (5), Homoptera Psyllidae (3), Homoptera Triozi- dae (12), Homoptera Adelgidae (5), Homoptera Aphididae (56), Homoptera Asterolecaniidae (2), Homoptera Crypto- coccidae (1), Coleoptera Cerambicidae (2), Coleoptera Apionidae (24), Coleoptera Curculionidae (34), Diptera Cecido- myiidae (150), Diptera Tephritidae (7), Diptera Chloropidae (1), Diptera Anthomyiidae (1), Lepidoptera Coleophoridae (1), Lepidoptera Gelechiidae (2), Lepidoptera Sesiidae (1), Lepidoptera Tortricidae (4), Lepidoptera Pterophoridae (2), Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae (11), Hymenoptera Cynipidae (35), Hymenoptera Eurytomidae (6). Key words: Investigation Gall-making organisms, Julian Prealps, TSM Triest. Riassunto breve - Indagine cecidologica sulle Prealpi Giulie occidentali (Friuli Venezia Giula, Nord-Est Italia). L’autore riporta i risultati dell’indagine, effettuata tra il 1985 e il 2006 e non ancora conclusa, inerente i fito-zoocecidi delle Prealpi Giulie occidentali e il Parco omonimo (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia nord-est). Nell’area sono state identi- ficate 705 specie così ripartite: Alphaproteobacteria Rhizobiaceae (1), Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonadaceae (1), Gammaproteobacteria Xanthomonadaceae (1), Oomycetes Albuginaceae (1), Oomycetes Peronosporaceae (1), Ascho- mycota Arthoniaceae (1), Ascomycota Didymosphaeriaceae (1), Ascomycota Dothideaceae (2), Ascomycota Hypo- creaceae (1), Ascomycota Lecanoraceae (1), Ascomycota Dermateaceae (1), Ascomycota Rhytismataceae (3), Asco- mycota Taphrinaceae (17), Incertae sedis (2), Basidiomycota Coleosporiaceae (2), Basidiomycota Melamsporaceae (7), Basidiomycota Phragmidiaceae (4), Basidiomycota Pucciniaceae (95), Basidiomycota Pucciniastraceae (4), Incertae sedis (1), Basidiomycota Exobasidiaceae (3), Basidiomycota Tilletiaceae (7), Basidiomycota Ustilaginaceae (38), Chy- tridiomycota Physodermataceae (1), Chytridiomycota Synchytriaceae (4), Mitosporic Fungi (2), Angiosparmae Dico- tyledones (1), Nematoda Anguinidae (11), Nematoda Heteroderidae (1), Acari sp. (2), Acari Phytoptidae (3), Acari Eriophyidae (117), Heteroptera Tingidae (2), Homoptera Aphalaridae (5), Homoptera Psyllidae (3), Homoptera Trio- zidae (12), Homoptera Adelgidae (5), Homoptera Aphididae (56), Homoptera Asterolecaniidae (2), Homoptera Cryp- tococcidae (1), Coleoptera Cerambicidae (2), Coleoptera Apionidae (24), Coleoptera Curculionidae (34), Diptera Ceci- domyiidae (150), Diptera Tephritidae (7), Diptera Chloropidae (1), Diptera Anthomyiidae (1), Lepidoptera Coleopho- ridae (1), Lepidoptera Gelechiidae (2), Lepidoptera Sesiidae (1), Lepidoptera Tortricidae (4), Lepidoptera Pterophori- dae (2), Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae (11), Hymenoptera Cynipidae (35), Hymenoptera Eurytomidae (6). Parole chiave: Indagine cecidologica, Prealpi Giulie, TSM Trieste. 1. - Premessa Le Prealpi Giulie occidentali occupano un settore tra Alpi Giulie occidentali e alta Pianura Friulana (Italia NE), che condividono il confine orientale con la Slo- 102 ETTORE TOMASI venia. È un’area di rilievi montuosi che costituiscono una regione geografica di transizione e molto complessa, che il MARINELLI (1912) definiva Alpina esterna. Il territorio interessato dall’indagine ricade nei comuni di Venzone, Moggio Udinese, Resiutta, Resia, Chiusaforte e Lusevera (Provincia di Udine). Geograficamente la parte orientale dell’area indagata è caratterizzata dall’alta Val Resia con le sue montagne, di cui il M. Canin (m 2587) è il più elevato, di quel- la centrale con la Val Uccea, l’alta Valle del Torre e la catena del M. Musi (m 1878); mentre quell’occidentale è occupata dal gruppo dei monti Plauris e Lavara (m 1958-1906). A U S T R I A O S T L E O N V E E V N I A Fig. 1 (sopra) - La posizione della regione Friuli Venezia Giulia rispetto l’Italia. Fig. 2 (sotto) - L’area del Parco Naturale Regionale delle Prealpi Giulie nell’ambito regionale. INDAGINE CECIDOLOGICA SULLE PREALPI GIULIE OCCIDENTALI ecc. 103 Nella sua estensione geografica l’area annovera una notevole diversificazione di fenomeni naturali (geologici, morfologici, floristici e faunistici), che hanno determinato le forme, la vegetazione e la fauna attuali e ne costituiscono il patrimo- nio di vera unicità; l’altopiano del M. Canin è, forse, l’aspetto più complesso dove è ospitato uno dei rari ghiacciai delle Alpi Orientali e il vasto fenomeno carsico epi- geo e ipogeo si presenta diffuso. Inoltre le profonde vallate, modellate dall’erosio- ne glaciale e fluviale, mettono in luce le successioni stratigrafiche che documenta- no un’evoluzione geologica di oltre 200 milioni d’anni (Mesozoico). La posizione geografica di transizione, gli elementi geologici e quelli climati- ci hanno determinato l’insediamento di una vegetazione e di una flora diffuse con una notevole varietà di specie di provenienza alpina, illirica e mediterranea, con un elevato numero d’endemismi. Va ricordato infine che il Consiglio della Comunità Europea ha emanato nel 1992 la direttiva 92/43 CEE (Direttiva habitat), la quale prevede la conservazione degli ambienti naturali e seminaturali, e relativa flora e fauna, considerati già importanti, prioritari, garantendone una rapida attuazione per la loro conservazio- ne. È in base a queste direttive che la Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia ha individuato un’area montana con tali caratteristiche naturali, di 9402 ettari, e denominata Parco Naturale Regionale delle Prealpi Giulie. L’area perimetrata, denominata Prealpi Giulie settentrionali, è posta nella regione biogeografica Alpina, di cui l’85% rientra negli attuali confini del parco, mentre la rimanente è soggetta a vincoli idrogeologici (SCHIARELLI, 2003). 2. - Descrizione dell’area esaminata Il comprensorio montano delle Prealpi Giulie occidentali, nelle quali è compre- so il Parco naturale, occupa la parte nordorientale della Provincia di Udine tra i fiumi Tagliamento e Fella, rispettivamente a ovest e nord, e dall’alta Valle del Torre e la Slovenia, a sud e a est. I settori che costituiscono il comprensorio, sono: M. Canin (m 2587), con parte della cresta est (M. Ursic, m 2543; Cima Gilberti, m 2417; Cima Lunga, m 2474; M. Forato, m 2498), quella nord (quota 2315 e Bila Pec, m 2095), poi quella nordoccidentale (Picco di Carnizza, m 2441; Picco Grubia, m 2240 e M. Sart, m 2324) e infine quella sud (Basso Canin, m 2571; Cerni Vogu, m 2422; M. Lasca Plagna, m 2448; M. Slebe, m 2317; Baba Grande e Piccola, m 2160-1977). Dorsale sud della Val Resia con il M. Guarda (m 1720), M. Plagne (m 1663), Banöra (m 1615), Hrazon (m 1522), M. Chila (m 1419), M. Stregone (m 1470) e M. Nische (m 1454). Catena del M. Musi con M. Nischiuarch (m 1258), M. Zaiavor (m 1815), Veli- ki Rop (m 1869), M. Musi (m 1878), M. Cadin (m 1818) e Cima Campo (m 1782). Gruppo dei monti Plauris e Lavara e zone adiacenti (rispettivamente di m 1958 e 1906), dai quali si dipartono pure delle brevi creste impervie a nord, nord- ovest e sud-ovest, degradanti verso le valli Fella e Tagliamento. 104 ETTORE TOMASI Fig. 3 - L’estensione del Parco Naturale Regionale delle Prealpi Giulie. L’area appena descritta, è caratterizzata da una situazione geolitologica com- plessa, in rapporto alla posizione occupata rispetto alle Alpi Sudorientali. Per trac- ciare i tratti fondamentali ci siamo valsi del lavoro di MARTINIS (1971) e SGO- BINO (2004), da cui si rileva che la struttura litologica dominante (aree M. Canin, M. Musi, M. Plauris-Lavara) è costituita da rocce sedimentarie (70%), in prevalen- za carbonatiche del Mesozoico (calcari marnosi, calcare del Dachstein e dolomie cariate), che poggiano su rocce più antiche costituite da gessi, marne bituminose e conglomerati e che assieme ai materiali alluvionali, prodottisi dal disgregarsi dei rilievi circostanti e d’origine recente, caratterizzano generalmente i fondovalle. È un severo paesaggio alpino e prealpino, costituito da imponenti
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