Ulve, Får Og Vogtere 1 Den Kolde Krig I Danmark 1945-1991

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Ulve, Får Og Vogtere 1 Den Kolde Krig I Danmark 1945-1991 Bent Jensen ULVE, FÅR OG VOGTERE 1 DEN KOLDE KRIG I DANMARK 1945-1991 UN,V TSB!8L!0THEK __ - ZENTRALBIBLIOTHF«f FWTQ -. kiel Gyldendal Indhold Forord 13 Om afkiassificering og afklassificeret kildemateriale 17 Indledning 23 Hvad var Den Kolde Krig? 23 Jalta-myten og Den Kolde Krig 26 Hvad var Sovjetunionen? 31 Sovjetunionens særtræk og forhold til omverdenen 31 Sovjetunionen som trussel 34 Hvad værket vil 35 Den latente trussel 38 Værkets struktur 40 Danmark uden for det 20. århundredes historie 41 1. Sovjetunionen som Militær-Industrielt Kompleks 43 Sovjetunionen som militærmagt 44 Stalins opbygning af Sovjetunionen som Militær-Industrielt Kompleks Sovjetunionens militære oprustning efter Stalin 48 Styrkeforholdet mellem Øst og Vest 49 Ville Kreml under ingen omstændigheder have besat Polen? 52 Det totale ideokrati 53 Marxismen-leninismens rolle 53 Afspændingen og ambassadør Steenbergers lange brev 57 Brezjnevs militær-industrielle kompleks 59 Den permanente krigsøkonomi 59 Militariseringen af det sovjetiske samfund 63 Sovjetunionen og rustningskontrol 64 MIK som den egentlige trussel mod Sovjetunionen 67 Sovjetunionens syn på anvendelsen af kernevåben 68 Kernevåbenkrig kan vindes 68 1960'erne 70 1970'erne 73 1980'erne 76 Sovjetiske forkøbsslag med kernevåben 78 Warszawapagtens planlægning af kernevåbenkrig mod Vesteuropa Fare for kernevåbenangreb i 1980'erne? 82 Sovjetiske kernevåbenangreb og Danmark 86 Konklusion 87 Den ydre trussel. Opfattelser og analyser 91 Truslens karakter- reel eller potentiel? 92 Det ideologiske verdensbillede 93 Offensivens forrang 97 Kilder og institutioner 101 Udenrigsministeriet 103 Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste (FE) 108 Samarbejdspartnere 115 Internationalt samarbejde 119 I et vadested 124 Et afgørende år 124 Den koldeste krig 127 Frygten for Sovjet 130 Truslen efter Stalins død 131 FE's advarsel 133 Storkrig usandsynlig - men øget trussel mod Danmark 136 Afspænding, men usvækket sovjetisk oprustning 140 Sovjetisk oprustning i 1970'erne 143 Afspænding på sovjetisk 145 Den ikke-eksisterende balance 150 Den fortsatte trussel 152 Forsvarskommandoens advarsel til regeringen 154 NATOs dobbeltbeslutning 156 Udenrigsminister Kjeld Olesen om den sovjetiske trussel 158 »Psykologisk er alt forberedt på at føre en krig for freden« 161 Grund til uro 163 Danmark til Sovjet 1986: forstærket sovjetisk militær trussel 166 Den sidste trusselsanalyse 169 Konklusion 171 3. Ulve i bjørnepels. DKP som Sovjetunionens villige hjælper Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti som institution 176 DKP's socialistiske fædrelande 176 DKP som underafdeling af Moskva-kommunismen 179 Synet på det danske demokrati 183 »Fredskampen« 186 DKP som trussel 187 Voldelig magtovertagelse? 189 Stalins død 1953 og 1956- de store krisers år 192 DKP og den sovjetiske kritik af Stalin 192 »Den revolutionære kamps logik« 195 Folkeopstanden i Ungarn 198 »En bitter lære for danske kommunister« 201 PET's interesse for DKP 204 Det røde guld 205 Kommunistisk sabotagevirksomhed 206 Aksel Larsen og Alfred Jensen om illegal DKP-virksomhed 213 Illegal DKP-trafik til DDR 216 DKP-spionagetil fordel for Sovjetunionen 218 Undergravelse af forsvaret og forsvarsviljen 223 Soldatermytterierne i 1953 224 Ny strategi 226 Skoling i Sovjetunionen og DDR 231 Analyse af udlandskursister 232 Omgang med de herskende i den virkeliggjorte socialisme 234 DKP's modydelser 237 DKP's umulige opgave 241 Verdensrevolutionen og hverdagen 241 Sidste triumf før den endelige katastrofe 243 Konklusion 247 4. Får i ulveklæder? Det Nye Venstre. Socialistisk Folkeparti Det Nye Venstres virkelighedstab 252 Om kapitalisme, socialisme, demokrati og diktatur 252 »Analyser« af USA og Sovjetunionen 258 Socialistisk Folkeparti 263 Tilblivelsen 263 Socialistisk Folkeparti og den reelt eksisterende socialisme 267 PET: Socialistisk Folkeparti som sikkerhedsproblem 271 »En halvkommunistisk organisation« 274 Socialismens opbygning i Danmark 275 Socialistisk Folkeparti og de socialistiske stater 278 Gert Petersen som marxistisk-leninistisk ideolog 281 Socialistisk Folkeparti og Danmarks forsvar 283 Socialistisk Folkeparti og Danmarks sikkerhedspolitik 284 Bornholm som »fremskudt militærbase« og »Døssing-aftalen« 293 Konklusion 298 5. Det Nye Venstre. Venstresocialisterne m.fl. 301 Radikaliseringen af Det Nye Venstre: Venstresocialisterne 302 Partidannelsen 304 Revolutionen, arbejderklassen og den reelt eksisterende socialisme 306 Vold og terror som politiske midler 309 VS og Rote Armee Fraktion 313 Antisemitisme og terrororganisationen PFLP 317 Moderate kræfter 321 Holdningen til Danmarks forsvar 322 Organisationertil bekæmpelse af Danmarks forsvar 325 Venstreorienteret efterretningsvirksomhed mod Danmark 326 Støtte til fjendtlige magters spioner 331 Danske efterretningstjenesters vurderinger af Det Nye Venstre 334 Konklusion 338 6. Den første fredsbevægelse under Den Kolde Krig 343 »Socialismens og fredens lejr« 344 Internationale kommunistiske fredskongresser og DKP 347 Frontorganisationer og Stockholm-appellen 352 Danske myndigheder og fredsbevægelsen 355 Udenrigstjenesten og PET 355 Danmark, NATO og kommunistisk fredspropaganda 358 Borgerrettigheder og totalitær propaganda 360 Konklusion 363 7. Kulturkamp under Den Kolde Krig 367 Stalins Sovjetunion-etkultureltforbillede 368 Sovjetunionens kulturelle prestige i 1945 369 Delegations-og pilgrimsrejser 373 Samtidig kritik af glansbillederne 377 Dansk intelligentsia 380 DKP og danske intellekuetle 380 Demokrati eller diktatur? 381 Mental og politisk tilpasning 387 Dialog-en intellektuel frontorganisation 390 Digtere mod kapitalismen 1970-1980'erne 397 »Det rådnende Danmark« 397 Den danske »kritiske intelligentsia« 403 Synet på dissidenter i den virkeliggjorte socialisme 404 Andrej Sinjavskij, PEN-klubben og ytringsfrihed 404 Danske psykiatere og sovjetisk misbrug af psykiatri 409 Konklusion 412 8. Marxisterne kommer 415 Kulturrevolutionen 416 Studenteroprør i vest og øst 417 Universitetsmarxismen 420 Skoler, gymnasier og højskoler 426 Bøger og tv for børn og unge i 1970'erne 431 Børne-og ungdomslitteratur 431 DR's børneudsendelser 434 Danmarks Radio 434 En generaldirektørs bekymring 434 Ordet på bordet 436 1970-1980'ernes litteratur om Sovjetunionen 439 »Oplysning« om Sovjetunionen og kommunismen 439 »Fredslitteratur« 441 Konklusion 445 9. Spionage, sabotage og hvervning 449 Nogle spionsager 450 Kategorier og betegnelser 454 Fjendtlig udenlandsk spionage i Danmark 454 Østspioner i Danmark under Den Kolde Krig 454 Sovjetiske spionageoperationer 458 DDR-spionage i Danmark 463 Udvisning af østspioner 465 Sabotage 467 Hvervning af danskere til fjendtlige tjenester 470 »Bassiner« for hvervning 470 En konkret sovjetisk agenthvervning 474 Sovjetiske hvervningsforsøg i Danmark 1950-1960'erne 475 Oleg Gordijevskijs oplysninger 479 Gordijevskij-materialet 479 Efterretningsmateriale som kilder 483 PET's Gordijevskij-arkiv om KGB-nære danske statsborgere 484 Konklusion 486 10. KGB- og STASI-nære danske statsborgere 491 Ingen røvere i den grønne danske skov? 492 Danske spioner for Sovjetunionen og DDR i 1940'erne til 1980'erne 495 Spioner i forsvaret 498 Muldvarp i Forsvarsministeriet? 503 KGB-kontakter i det danske politi 507 Forretningsmænd som østspioner 508 Politikere og organisationsfolk 509 Radikale 510 Socialdemokrater 513 Folkesocialister 516 Gert Petersen og Pelle Voigt 518 Fortrolige oplysninger? 521 Karakteren af KGB-kontakterne 523 Pelle Voigt 526 PET om Pelle Voigt 528 Politianmeldelse og stævning 530 Konklusion 533 11. Påvirkningsoperationer og desinformation 537 Påvirkningsoperationer og indflydelsesagenter 538 Tidligere beskrivelser af Sovjetunionens påvirkningspolitik 541 Påvirkningsoperationer i Danmark 542 KGB/SUKP-instrukser om påvirkning af Danmark/Vesteuropa 545 Konkrete eksempler på KGB-påvirkningsoperationer og desinformation i 1970'erne 546 Anti-Sakharov-operationen i Danmark (1974-1975) 550 Danske kritikere af Sakharov-høringen 557 Anti-Solsjenitsyn-operationen (1974-1976) 562 Operation »Atomvåbenfri zone i Norden« 566 Danske KGB-nære journalister 567 Torben Krogh 568 Sven Skovmand 571 Jørgen Dragsdahl 574 Dagbladet Information som redskab for desinformation 578 Udenrigsministeriets afsløring af Informations manipulationer 595 PET's ledelse om KGB's bestræbelser for at påvirke danske politikere 598 PET-ledelsens uro over nære KGB-kontakter til danske politikere 598 PET-ledelsens fortsatte bekymring 602 PET-ledelsens orientering af regeringen om KGB's påvirkningsindsats 1985 605 PET-kommissionen om SF's forbindelsertil KGB 607 Konklusion 609 12. Den anden fredsbevægelse under Den Kolde Krig 615 Afspænding - og ny sovjetisk fredskamp 616 Oprettelsen af Samarbejdskomitéen for Fred og Sikkerhed (SAK) og ICESC 618 Neutronbombe-kampagnen 1977-1978 621 Nej til Atomvåben 624 Nej til Atomvåben og NATO 628 Sovjetunionens og KGB's påvirkningsoperationer 630 Kremls stimulering af fredskampagnen og DKP's relæfunktion 633 Kampagnen for »Norden som atomvåbenfri zone« 639 Fredsmarch København-Paris 641 DKP's aktiviteter i fredskampen 645 DDR og fredsbevægelsen 651 Lærere for Fred 655 DKP's sidste krampetrækninger på fredsfronten 659 Vurderinger af fredspropagandaens effekt 660 Sovjetiske vurderinger 660 PET's vurdering af fredskampens drivkræfter 662 FE om den Kreml-inspirerede fredsbevægelse og dens danske støttegrupper 669 Østtyske vurderinger af fredsbevægelsen 673 Begreber og opfattelser 674 »Den offentlige mening« og NATO 674 Fredsbevægelsens omfang og repræsentativitet 675 Fredspropaganda, offentlighed og politik 678 Det officielle Danmark og fredsbevægelsen 680 En sovjetisk fredskæmper om den sovjetiske fredspropaganda 681 Fredsbevægelsen og Sovjetunionens sammenbrud 683 Konklusion 684 Begreber og begivenheder 688 Anvendte forkortelser i tekst og noter 690 Noter 692 Kilder og litteratur 746 lllustrationsfortegnelse 767 Navne-og stedregister 769 .
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