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Mittelalter II Erich Köhler: Vorlesungen zur Geschichte der Französischen Literatur Herausgegeben von Henning Krauß und Dietmar Rieger Band 1,2 Erich Köhler Mittelalter II Herausgegeben von Dietmar Rieger Freiburg i. Br. 2006 Zweite Auflage Digitale Bearbeitung: Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg im Breisgau Zur Neuausgabe Durch die freundliche Genehmigung von Frau K. Köhler war es möglich, eine digi- tale Publikation der gesuchten, im Buchhandel seit längerem vergriffenen Vorle- sungsreihe auf dem Server der Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg zu veranstalten. Der leichteren Lesbarkeit halber sind die Anmerkungen jetzt nicht als End-, son- dern als Fußnoten untergebracht, wie es bei einer digitalen Publikation einzig sinn- voll ist. Ansonsten ist die Ausgabe ein neugesetzter, sachlich aber unveränderter Nachdruck der Erstausgabe. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg i.Br. © Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg i. Br. 2006 Inhalt Vorwort ..................................................................................................7 Die Lyrik der Trouvères .........................................................................8 Allgemeines ......................................................................................................... 8 Die lyrischen Gattungen..................................................................................... 13 Zu einzelnen Trouvères ..................................................................................... 15 Chrétien de Troyes......................................................................................... 15 Conon de Béthune ......................................................................................... 17 Gace Brulé ..................................................................................................... 19 Châtelain de Couci......................................................................................... 24 Richard de Fournival ...................................................................................... 28 Thibaut de Champagne.................................................................................. 30 Colin Muset .................................................................................................... 36 Jean Bodel ..................................................................................................... 42 Adam de la Hale............................................................................................. 45 Marie de France und der Lai................................................................51 Allgemeines ....................................................................................................... 51 Zu einzelnen Lais............................................................................................... 54 Lanval ............................................................................................................ 54 Bisclavret........................................................................................................ 64 Laüstic............................................................................................................ 68 Yonec............................................................................................................. 71 Eliduc ............................................................................................................. 73 Equitan........................................................................................................... 76 Chievrefoil ...................................................................................................... 78 Die Funktion der Gattung – Liebeskonzeption und »aventure«-Begriff.............. 80 Das Fabliau..........................................................................................85 Allgemeines ....................................................................................................... 85 Zu einzelnen Fabliaux........................................................................................ 86 Versuch einer Gattungsdefinition....................................................................... 90 Das französische Theater des Mittelalters...........................................97 Zur Entstehung des altfranzösischen Dramas ................................................... 97 Zu einzelnen Dramen....................................................................................... 101 Le Mystère d'Adam ...................................................................................... 101 Le Jeu de Saint Nicolas ............................................................................... 107 Courtois d'Arras............................................................................................ 111 Le Jeu de la Feuillée .................................................................................... 115 5 Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion ...................................................................... 121 Aucassin et Nicolete ........................................................................................ 125 Rutebeuf ........................................................................................... 138 Li Diz de l'Erberie............................................................................................. 138 Das religiöse Drama: Le miracle de Théophile ................................................ 139 Das lyrische, satirische und polemische Werk Rutebeufs................................ 142 Der Rosenroman............................................................................... 158 Einführung in den ersten Teil: Guillaume de Lorris .......................................... 158 Einführung in den zweiten Teil: Jean de Meung .............................................. 162 Die Stilform der Allegorie – ihr Verhältnis zur Symbolik und die Rolle der Allegorese........................................................................................................ 173 Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der allegorischen Dichtung............................. 178 Die Fragen nach dem Sinn des Rosenromans vor dem Hintergrund der »materiellen« Synthese der allegorischen Traditionen .................................... 181 Guillaume de Lorris ...................................................................................... 181 Jean de Meung ............................................................................................ 194 Auswahlbibliographie LYRIK............................................................ 204 Allgemeines ..................................................................................................... 204 Einzelne Gattungen ......................................................................................... 206 Einzelne Dichter............................................................................................... 209 Lais .................................................................................................................. 210 Fabliaux ........................................................................................................... 213 Theater ............................................................................................................ 214 Aucassin et Nicolete ........................................................................................ 216 Rutebeuf .......................................................................................................... 216 Rosenroman .................................................................................................... 217 6 Vorwort Dieser Band von Erich Köhlers Vorlesungen befaßt sich mit einem breiten Spek- trum von Dichtern und literarischen Gattungen des französischen Mittelalters. Die Mannigfaltigkeit des literarischen Systems dieser Epoche wird hier besonders deutlich. Die nie ins ausgesprochen Trocken-Wissenschaftliche geratene Darstel- lung gewährt Einblicke in die Welt der mittelalterlichen Dichtung, die auch den lite- rarisch interessierten Laien zu faszinieren vermögen. Erich Köhler selbst hatte bereits vielen Zitaten aus der altfranzösischen Literatur deutsche Übersetzungen bzw. Übersetzungshinweise beigegeben. Diese wurden übernommen, z.T. vervollständigt. Um auch solchen Lesern, die über keine altfran- zösischen Sprachkenntnisse verfügen, eine möglichst reibungslose, dem Elan der Darstellung und der Vielfalt des Dargestellten gerecht werdende Lektüre zu ermög- lichen, wurden auch den übrigen abgesetzten Zitaten Übersetzungen beigefügt. Wenn diese hinzugefügten Übersetzungen einer schon publizierten Übersetzung entnommen sind, wird der Name des Übersetzers vermerkt. Für wertvolle Hilfe bei der redaktionellen Arbeit danke ich Frau Dr. Renate Kroll sehr herzlich. Dank schulde ich auch Frau Anne Amend. Möge dieser Band von Erich Köhlers Vorlesungen nicht nur – wie alle anderen Bände – den Leser auf eine informierende und zugleich fesselnde Weise in einen wichtigen Bereich der französischen Literaturgeschichte einführen, sondern auch dem Mittelalter und seiner Kultur neue Freunde gewinnen – jener Epoche, die Erich Köhler ganz besonders am Herzen lag. Dietmar Rieger 7 Die Lyrik der Trouvères Allgemeines Wir haben lange vom Roman gesprochen und wollen uns jetzt der lyrischen Dich- tung zuwenden. Dieser Bereich der mittelalterlichen Literatur Frankreichs verdiente eine sehr eingehende Behandlung, weil sich mit ihm, ähnlich wie mit der Epik, eine schwerwiegende und noch ungelöste Problematik der Ursprungsfragen verbindet. Ich muß mich auch hier
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