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Political Preferences 14/2017 Political Preferences 14/2017 Editors: Gintaras Aleknonis Agnieszka Turska-Kawa Waldemar Wojtasik Katowice 2017 Scientific Council: Prof. Roman Bäcker (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland) Prof. Tadeusz Godlewski (Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland) Prof. Iwona Jakubowska-Branicka (University of Warsaw, Poland) Prof. Slavomir Magál (University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Slovakia) Prof. Jozef Matúš (University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Slovakia) Prof. Jana Galera Matúšova (University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Slovakia) Prof. Dusan Pavlu (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Prof. Libor Pavera (Higher School of Hospitality Management, Czech Republic) Prof. Dana Petranová (University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Slovakia) Prof. Olga Prokopenko (Sumski National University, Ukraine) Prof. Miro Haček (University of Ljubljana, Slovenia) Prof. Fulco Lanchester (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy) Prof. Sergey G. Korkonosenko (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia) Prof. Ruxandra Boicu (University of Bucharest, Romania) Prof. Robert Ladrech (Keele University, England; College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium) Prof. Teresa Sasińska-Klas (Jagiellonian University, Poland) Prof. Jerzy Sielski (University of Szczecin, Poland) Prof. Roman Chytilek (Masaryk University, Czech Republic) PhD Efe Sevin (Kadir Has University, Turkey) PhD Marcjanna Augustyn (University of Hull, England) Editorial Board: dr hab. Agnieszka Turska-Kawa (editor-in-chief) dr Dagmara Głuszek-Szafraniec (journal secretary), mgr Maciej Marmola (journal secretary), mgr Przemysław Grzonka (statistical editor), dr Damian Guzek (editor for international cooperation), dr Paweł Sarna (language editor), dr Marta Obrębska (language editor for English), mgr Anna Huth (language editor for English) Theme Editors: prof. dr hab. Wojciech Sokół (party and electoral systems), dr hab. Sabina Grabowska, prof. URz (political institutions), dr hab. Danuta Plecka, prof. UMK (political conceptions), dr hab. Magdalena Musiał-Karg, prof. UAM (new technologies in politics), dr hab. Łukasz Tomczak, prof. US (ideologies and party programs), dr hab. Zbigniew Widera, prof. WSH (media marketing), dr hab. Tomasz Słomka (constitution and its functions, executive system in Poland), dr hab. Robert Alberski (parties and political movements), dr hab. Waldemar Wojtasik (political manipulations), dr hab. Rafał Glajcar (political institutions), dr Katarzyna Czornik (international relations), dr Beata Słobodzian (territorial system, local government), dr Karolina Tybuchowska- Hartlińska (political participation, elections), dr Joanna Kozierska(electoral and cabinet coalitions), dr Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka (political communication), dr Dominka Kasprowicz (political populism and radicalism), dr Bożena Zasępa (social policy), dr Jacek Sokołowski (law making analysis). Cover project: Jarosław Wichura Desktop Publishing: Maciej Marmola Reviewers: María José Pérez del Pozo, Prof. (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain), Katarzyna Kamińska-Korolczuk, PhD (University of Gdansk, Poland), Artur Lipiński, PhD (Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, Poland), Małgorzata Adamik-Szysiak, PhD (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University of Lublin, Poland), Jacek Wojnicki, Assos. prof. (University of Warsaw, Poland), Małgorzata Podolak, Assos. prof. (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland), Adam Hołub, Assos. prof. (Police Academy in Szczytno, Poland), Magdalena Kozub-Karkut, PhD (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland). © Institute of Political Science and Journalism at the University of Silesia and the Center for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Development Foundation of the University of Silesia, Katowice 2017. Journal is published by the Institute of Political Science and Journalism at the University of Silesia and the Center for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Development Foundation of the University of Silesia. Patronage for the project is exercised by Electoral Research Committee - Polish Political Science Association. ISSN (online): 2449-9064, ISSN (print): 2450-873X Political Preferences continues the tradition of journal called Preferencje Polityczne (ISSN: 2083-327X) which was published from 2010 to 2015. All text are licensed under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 (CC BY 4.0). CONTENTS Gintaras Aleknonis (Vilnius University, Lithuania) Electioneering in Lithuania…………………………………………………………………….…. 5 Virgis Valentinavicius (Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania) Lithuanian Election 2016: the Mainstream Left and Right Rejected by Voters Angry with the Establishment…………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Renata Matkevičienė (Vilnius University, Lithuania) How media constructs political corruption: case of the Internet media reaction to the political corruption scandal during election campaign to the Parliament of Lithuania in 2016.................. 35 Andrius Šuminas, Arnas Aleksandravičius, Arūnas Gudinavičius (Vilnius University, Lithuania) Negative Political Communication in Online Video Advertisements: Case Study of 2016 Lithuanian Parliamentary Election…………………………………………………………..….. 47 Jolanta Mažylė (Vilnius University, Lithuania) Lithuanian Parliamentary Election and the Regional Press (2016)............................................... 65 Gediminas Kazėnas (Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania) Lithuanian Polish Political Party in Parliamentary Election 2016 in Lithuania............................ 89 Andrius Navickas (Vilnius University, Lithuania) Lithuania after politics?............................................................................................................... 101 Paweł Laidler (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland) Does the U.S. campaign finance system favor Republicans?...................................................... 117 3 Norbert Tomaszewski (University of Wrocław, Poland) The overview of the presidential primary campaign of Bernie Sanders: the analysis of his political background and the influence of celebrity endorsement and social media on voters... 139 Anna Muś (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland) „Zjednoczeni dla Śląska” - Support of Upper Silesians for Regional Initiative.......................... 159 4 Political Preferences Electioneering in Lithuania Political Preferences 2017, vol. 14: 5-18. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5216158 journals.us.edu.pl/index.php/PP Gintaras Aleknonis Submitted: 23/04/2017 Vilnius University, Lithuania Accepted: 09/06/2017 Abstract: This article serves as an introductory note to the “Lithuanian chapter” of the journal. A brief description of the electoral history after the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 is provided, the most important political parties are introduced and their interactions shortly explained. The article also describes basic research on electoral topics in Lithuania. Key words: Elections, campaigning, Lithuania The year 2016 could be labeled as a period of great electoral victories and defeats. The final description of the outcomes should correspond to the system of particular political attitudes: it is possible to portray the Brexit vote as a free choice of free people, as a reckless decision of an uninformed public, or as a crucial political mistake, encouraged by irresponsible activities of selfish politicians. Similar or even stronger words could be found to characterize the electoral outcome of the American presidential elections and their winner Donald J. Trump, who, with equal success, is self-described as “the very definition of the American success story, continually setting the standards of excellence” (Donald J. Trump - Biography), or “little more than narcissistic motivations and a complementary personal narrative about winning at any cost” (McAdams 2016). The problem is, that it is hard to imagine, that only half of the electorate share the particular opinion, and another half strongly disagrees with it. The electoral season of 2016 exposed not only the highest levels of polarization among the voters, but also revealed another important shift in modern political life: crisis of electoral research in general and forecasting in particular. For decades, electoral races in most Western democracies were highly predictable; experienced pollsters were able to proclaim the winners in 5 Gintaras Aleknonis advance, the forecasts became a sort of self-fulfilling statements or important arguments in the hands of election campaigners. However, the final results of the most important elections of 2016 came to a great surprise for the mainstream media and for a significant part of the political establishment. In this context, the Lithuanian parliamentary elections of 2016 and their outcomes look rather ordinary and perhaps even a bit boring. The fact that the results of the Lithuanian elections mirror, to some extent, the outcomes of the most important elections worldwide do not help to recognize its importance. However, it is hard to expect that regularly scheduled elections which are swiftly organized without any major complications in a small country, could attract at least moderate attention from the international media or political analysts. In the world, which is obsessed with the cult of celebrity, life in the periphery of great politics could look like a punishment, which, paradoxically, provides the comfort of stability. Nevertheless, understanding of democracy as a permanent and regime change-free state of society would be short-sighted. The experience of Central European countries during the 20th century reaffirm the fragility of the democratic order,
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