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Miranda ZA 2018.Pdf Zoologischer Anzeiger 273 (2018) 33–55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Zoologischer Anzeiger jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcz Review of Trichodamon Mello-Leitão 1935 and phylogenetic ଝ placement of the genus in Phrynichidae (Arachnida, Amblypygi) a,b,c,∗ a Gustavo Silva de Miranda , Adriano Brilhante Kury , a,d Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi a Laboratório de Aracnologia, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, CEP 20940-040, Brazil b Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA c Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark d Servic¸ o de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses (LIRN), Colec¸ ão de Artrópodes Vetores Ápteros de Importância em Saúde das Comunidades (CAVAISC), IOC-FIOCRUZ, Manguinhos, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Amblypygi Thorell, 1883 has five families, of which Phrynichidae is one of the most diverse and with a Received 18 October 2017 wide geographic distribution. The genera of this family inhabit mostly Africa, India and Southeast Asia, Received in revised form 27 February 2018 with one genus known from the Neotropics, Trichodamon Mello-Leitão, 1935. Trichodamon has two valid Accepted 28 February 2018 species, T. princeps Mello-Leitão, 1935 and T. froesi Mello-Leitão, 1940 which are found in Brazil, in the Available online 10 March 2018 states of Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Norte. The boundaries of the species are not Corresponding Editor: Gabriele B Uhl well established and the characters classically used in the group are poorly defined. The relationship of Trichodamon to the other genera in the family is also subject to debate. Some phylogenetic hypotheses Keywords: propose Trichodamon as sister to Eurphynichus Weygoldt, 1995 and Phrynichus Karsch, 1879, in the sub- Whip spider Neotropics family Phrynichinae. Others suggest Trichodamon in Damoninae, sister to Damon and Phrynichodamon Amblypygi systematics Weygoldt, 1996. The present work has the aim to characterize Trichodamon species, update the species Phylogeny distribution and ascertain the phylogenetic position of the genus in Phrynichidae using morphologi- Taxonomy cal characters. Our results show that the diagnostic characters of Trichodamon species, i.e. number of spines on the pedipalp, shape of the frontal process, number of teeth on the chelicerae, male and female shape of gonopods, are highly variable. A gradual colour variation from the northern to the southern areas of the distribution is also present. In face of the high variability, the synonymy of Trichodamon froesi (syn. jun.) with T. princeps is suggested. The cladistic analysis recovered Trichodamon as sister to Phrynichus + Euphrynichus in the subfamily Phrynichinae supported by eight characters, one exclusive to the group (dorsal spines on pedipalp patella positioned on the apex of the article forming the phrynich hand). In Damoninae, Phrynichodamon Weygoldt, 1996 was found as sister to Damon, forming the tribe Damonini, a group supported by the number of ventral spines on pedipalp femur; Musicodamon was recovered as sister to Damonini, forming the subfamily Damoninae, and the clade can be recognized by the presence of sclerotization on the apex of the claw-like projection of the female gonopod. The unranked taxon Euphrynichida Weygoldt, 2000 (Phrynichinae + Damoninae) was recovered with good support and is identified by the rectangular shape of the female gonopod and by the presence of one spine on the proximal series on pedipalp femur. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . 34 2. Material and methods . 35 ଝ This article is part of a special issue entitled “In honor of Peter Weygoldt”, published in the Journal Zoologischer Anzeiger 273, 2018. ∗ Corresponding author at: Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA. E-mail address: [email protected] (G.S. de Miranda). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2018.02.006 0044-5231/© 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. 34 G.S. de Miranda et al. / Zoologischer Anzeiger 273 (2018) 33–55 2.1. Cladistic analysis . 35 2.1.1. Taxon sampling . 35 2.1.2. Morphological phylogenetic analysis (ew, iw) . 36 2.1.3. Optimization, support and resampling . 36 3. Results and discussion . 36 3.1. Variation in non-genital characters in Trichodamon . 36 3.1.1. Chelicerae. .36 3.1.2. Frontal process . 36 3.1.3. Pedipalp spines . 36 3.1.4. Size ratio of the carapace . 39 3.2. Variability of the gonopod of Trichodamon . 39 3.2.1. Spermatophore organ (male genitalia). .39 3.2.2. Female genitalia . 40 3.3. Description of Trichodamon . 41 3.4. Distribution. .47 3.5. Cladistic analysis . 48 4. Discussion . 49 Acknowledgments . 51 Appendix A. Character list . 51 Appendix B. Supplementary data. .54 References . 54 1. Introduction 2017; Prendini et al., 2005), so the position of the genus within Phrynichidae is still contentious. Whip spiders (order Amblypygi) are unique animals with flat The first record of Phrynichidae species from South America bodies, strong spiny pedipalps, and an extremely elongate first was the description of Trichodamon princeps Mello-Leitão, 1935 pair of legs (Weygoldt, 2000a). The order includes five fami- from Goiás, Brazil. Mello-Leitão (1936) also described T. pusil- lies, of which Phrynichidae is the third.
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