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Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (GALA) – the University of Greenwich Open Access Repository Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (GALA) – the University of Greenwich open access repository http://gala.gre.ac.uk __________________________________________________________________________________________ Citation: Weinbren, Daniel John (1990) The `Peace Arsenal' scheme: the campaign for non-munitions work at the Royal Ordnance Factories, Woolwich, after the First World War. PhD thesis, Thames Polytechnic. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Please note that the full text version provided on GALA is the final published version awarded by the university. “I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not concurrently being submitted for any degree other than that of (name of research degree) being studied at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised the work of others”. Weinbren, Daniel John (1990) The `Peace Arsenal' scheme: the campaign for non-munitions work at the Royal Ordnance Factories, Woolwich, after the First World War. ##thesis _type## , ##institution## Available at: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8710/ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Contact: [email protected] 1473338 The Peace Arsenal' scheme; the campaign for non-munitions work at the Royal Ordnance Factories, Woolwich after the First World War. Daniel John/Weinbren This doctoral thesis is submitted to the CNA/V in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of PhD Thames Polytechnic November 1990 /'' 355. wei Contents page Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 List of abbreviations used in the text 5 Chapter 1 7 (a) outline of the thesis 11 (b) outline of the campaign 28 (c) the locomotives 51 Chapter 2 70 (a) the role of national elected politicians 74 (b) the role of the Treasury 86 (c) the role of the Ministry of Munitions 90 (d) the role of private companies 107 Chapter 3 123 (a) the trade unions 128 (b) the Woolwich Labour Party 158 Chapter 4 188 (a) the contribution of business 190 (b) the Christian contribution 204 (c) the military contribution 216 (d) the 'Peace Arsenal 1 campaign and housing 228 Chapter 5 " 238 conclusion Appendix the number of workers at the Arsenal 245 Footnotes 246 Bibliography (a) government records 341 (b) private and local government publications 341 (c) labour and business records 342 (d) tapes and transcripts of taped interviews 342 (e) non-socialist newspapers 342 labour, co-operative and socialist press 343 non-socialist periodicals 343 theses 343 articles 345 (j) books and pamphlets 351 Acknowledgements This thesis is the result of rny own work. None of it was done in collaboration other than that which is specifically acknowledged. I am indebted to the staff of the Public Record Office, the Modern Record Centre, University of Warwick, the Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society, Greenwich Chamber of Commerce, the libraries of Ealing College of Higher Education, North London Polytechnic, the University of London, the British Library of Economic and Political Science, Essex University, Lancaster University, Thames Polytechnic, the Fawcett Library, the Greater London Record Office, the Imperial War Museum, Enfield Local History Library and particularly Greenwich Local History Library. I also grateful to many of my colleagues and the students at the institutions where I was employed whilst completing this work. These were Thames Polytechnic, Ealing College of Higher Education, the Open University, Hackney Adult Education Institute and Middlesex Polytechnic. At Thames Polytechnic the staff of the School of Humanities have been very helpful. I am especially grateful to Fred Lindop and Mick Ryan for their supervision of rny work. I am beholden to my friends and relations who have been supportive in a variety of ways. I offer thanks to all of them, especially Rebecca. - 3 - Abstract The 'Peace Arsenal' scheme: the campaign for non-munitions work at the Royal Ordnance Factories, Woolwich after the First World War. Daniel Weinbren Following the Armistice many Arsenal workers wanted to retain their well-paid employment. There was a well established community; there was little comparable work in the locality and accommodation was difficult to find elsewhere. In order to secure peacetime production at the Arsenal, the labour movement in Woolwich organised a campaign which drew in traders, councillors, ex-Servicemen and clerics. The effect of this was to aid the integration of the local labour movement into the national constitution which was being reconstructed at the time. Central aspects of this new constitution were an increase in the integration of representatives of labour and industry in the government, and a new role for the Labour Party. The reconstruction of the constitution involved a degree of economic and legal coercion, and the transmission of government propaganda. These were all orchestrated at national level. The new order also included the accommodation of the working class, which had become more assertive during the war. This meant that social stability could not simply be imposed; the new order had to involve the absorption of tensions and the encouragement of specific strands of working class tradition. The creation of common assumptions could not be done in Whitehall and Westminster alone, it required the active participation of the citizenry; a specific focus and contact with notions generated from within the working class. That the creation of the new order required these elements is shown through the particular circumstances of the causes, course and consequences of the 'Peace Arsenal 1 campaign. The campaign involved the chief architects of the new order, private armaments companies, the Cabinet and the civil service. It also it involved parochial notions derived from the experiences of Arsenal workers. - 4 - Abbreviations AEU Amalgamated Engineers Union AEG Arsenal Football Club AGO 'All Grades' Committee ASE Amalgamated Society of Engineers ATM All Together Movement CME Chief Mechanical Engineer COS Charity Organisation Society CSOF Chief Superintendent Ordnance Factories CWWDC Civil War Workers Demobilisation Committee DB Danger Buildings DGF Ministry of Munitions Director General Factories EC Executive Committee of the ASE EEF Engineering Employers Federation FBI Federation of British Industries GER Great Eastern Railway GHTPL Government Hutments Tenants Protection League GWR Great Western Railway ILP Independent Labour Party ISDL Irish Self Determination League JTC Joint Town Committee LAC Ministry of Labour Local Advisory Committee LCC London County Council LLP London Labour Party LPL South Side Labour Protection Committee LNR London & North Western Railway Co MFGB Miners Federation of Great Britain MIME Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers MR Moderate Reform NER North Eastern Railways NFDDSS National Federation of Demobilised and Disabled Sailors and Soldiers NFWW National Federation of Women Workers NTWF National Transport Workers Federation NUGW National Union of General Workers NUR National Union of Railwaymen - 5 - OoW Office of Works RAGS Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society RAR Royal Arsenal Railway RE Royal Engineers RMA Royal Military Academy ROF Royal Ordnance Factories SDF Social Democratic Federation SER South Eastern £ Chatham Railways SR Southern Railways SSC Shop Stewards Committee TDL Woolwich & Plumstead Tenants Defence & Fair Rents League TUC Trade Union Congress UGC Unemployment Grants Committee UTUDPC United Trade Union Discharges Protest Committee WAC Woolwich Arsenal Committee WBC Woolwich Borough Council WBG Woolwich Board of Guardians WCC Woolwich Chamber of Commerce WDC Woolwich Distress Committee WEBS Woolwich Equitable Building Society WEC Woolwich Employment Committee WHTA Well Hall Garden City Tenants Association WILP Woolwich Independent Labour Party WLP Woolwich Labour Party WL&TC Woolwich Labour and Trades Club WO War Office WU Workers Union WUC Woolwich Unemployment Committee - 6 - Chapter I munition factories are being closed, dismantled and then adapted and refitted for the work of peace. When a full account can be given of the changes which are taking place there will be an interesting story to tell The Times 19/4/19 Woolwich is always interesting Haw G From Workhouse to Westminster the life story of Will Crooks MP London 1917 p307 - 7 - The post-war settlement did not solely evolve from within a national consensus, nor did it result merely from the impositions of central government or the forces of capital. Rather the stabilisation required the participation of the working class. This will be shown by an analysis of extent to which the Woolwich 'Peace Arsenal 1 campaign aided the stabilisation of society after the First World War. There are a considerable number of historians who stress the continuities of the period around the First World War, 'minimal modernisation within the existing liberal framework 1 in the words of one the most recent contributors (l). Many of those who emphasis the turmoil of the period go on to say that due to the strength of the old order, working-class discontent was contained. They too tend too play down the novelty of the post-war state formation. My analysis derives from the concept that there was a crisis of liberalism in that although the Liberal Party was still of significance until the early 1930s, it
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