doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i2.687 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publication of the project Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-SA) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © Author(s) General Entomology/Entomologia Geral Species composition and fauna distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and its importance for vector-borne diseases in a rural area of Central Western - Mato Grosso, Brazil Fábio Alexandre Leal-Santos¹,², Adaiane Catarina Marcondes Jacobina¹, Maria Madalena de Oliveira¹, Marinalva Brasilina Arruda Santana¹, Otacília Pereira Serra¹, Aldimara Vaillant Gonçalves², Angela Regina Serafine Garcêz², Sirlei Franck Thies¹, Renata Dezengrine Slhessarenko¹, Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas¹ & Diniz Pereira Leite-Jr¹,²
1. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). 2. Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande (UNIVAG) Mato Grosso.
EntomoBrasilis 10 (2): 94-105 (2017)
Abstract. This study describes ecological data obtained in a rural area in the State of Mato Grosso, including the insects belonging to the family Culicidae, especially those framed as potential vectors of tropical diseases. In 2015, we collected adult mosquitoes in fragments of forest in a rural area located in Mato Grosso Central West of Brazil. We captured 18,256 mosquitoes of the sub-families Culicinae and Anophelinae and have identified 34 species belonging to 12 genera: Aedes (1 species), Anopheles (8 species), Coquillettidia (1 species), Haemagogus (1 species), Culex (5 species), Psorophora (5 species), Ochlerotatus (4 species), Deinocerites (1 species), Mansonia (4 species), Sabethes (2 species), Limatus (1 species), Wyeomyia (1 species). The family Culicidae presented high richness and abundance, established by diversity indexes (Margalef a =3.26; Shannon H ‘ = 2.09; Simpson D = 0.19) with dominance of the species Anopheles (Nyssorhyncus) darlingi Root (89.8%). This species has considerable epidemiological value, considered the main vector of malaria in Mato Grosso. Many species of mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and domestic animals, transmitting pathogens including viruses (arboviruses), filaria worms (helminths) and protozoa.
Keywords: Culicidae fauna; Faunistic analysis; Mosquitoes; Vector ecology; Viruses.
Composição de espécies e distribuição da fauna de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) e sua importância para doenças transmitidas por vetores em uma área rural do centro-ocidental - Mato Grosso, Brasil
Resumo. Este estudo descreve dados ecológicos de uma área rural do Estado de Mato Grosso e dos insetos da família Culicidae especialmente aqueles enquadrados como vetores potenciais de doenças tropicais. Em 2015, coletamos mosquitos adultos em fragmentos de floresta em localidades de áreas rurais no Mato Grosso região Centro Oeste do Brasil. Foram capturados 18.256 exemplares alados de mosquitos das subfamílias Culicinae e Anophelinae e identificadas 34 espécies pertencentes a 12 gêneros:Aedes (1 espécie), Anopheles (8 espécies), Coquillettidia (1 espécie), Haemagogus (1 espécie), Culex (5 espécies), Psorophora (5 espécies), Ochlerotatus (4 espécies), Deinocerites (1 espécie), Mansonia (4 espécies), Sabethes (2 espécies), Limatus (1 espécie), Wyeomyia (1 espécie). A família Culicidae apresentou alta riqueza e abundância, estabelecida por índices de diversidade (Margalef a = 3.26, Shannon H ‘= 2.09, Simpson D = 0.19) com predominância da espécie Anopheles (Nyssorhyncus) darlingi Root (89.8%). Esta espécie tem considerável valor epidemiológico, sendo considerada o principal vetor de malária em Mato Grosso. Muitas espécies de mosquitos são vetores de patógenos que causam doenças em humanos e animais domésticos, transmitindo patógenos incluindo vírus (arboviroses), filárias (helmintos) e protozoários.
Palavras-chave: Fauna Culicidae; Análise faunística, Mosquitos, Vetores ecológicos, Vírus.
he culicids breed in a wide variety of sites of different sizes 3,601 to 3,700 species and subspecies distributed in 175 genera and volumes of water. Some species have considerable (Ru e d a 2008; Ra f a e l et al. 2012; Ha r b a c h 2017; Wi l k e r s o n et plasticity, adapting to diverse sites for procreation and al. 2015; Ga f f i g a n et al. 2015). These values are subject to occurring in different types of habitats (Jo h n 2008). continuous changes as more species have been discovered, and due to the DNA studies requiring the rearrangement of the There are over 3,500 species of Culicidae described worldwide, taxonomy of Culicidae families. and that number, according to Ha r b a c h (2017) grows about 5% every decade. Current records indicate that the number of Rainforest environments representing Neotropics presents mosquito species recognized currently varies between about greater wealth, highlighting one of the most diverse and
Edited by: Corresponding author: Funding agencies: Jeronimo Augusto Alencar Diniz Pereira Leite-Jr FAPEMAT
Article History: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-8613 Received: 09.iii.2017 Accepted: 29.vi.2017
www.periodico.ebras.bio.br Maio - Agosto 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (2): 94-105
abundant environments, however species diversity is largely processes of changes and environmental degradation caused by unknown in this ecosystem (Ru e d a 2008). Case studies of the action of man. diseases by Culicidae fauna indicate the estimated number of dipteran present in Brazil is of about 470 species (Ga f f i g a n et al. MATERIAL AND METHODS 2015), with species considered as wild and anthropogenic, with great adaptability to human-modified systems and with high Area of study. The study area consists of flat land interspersed probability of increase in this number. with forest and waste forests, swamps, marshes, pastures and human habitations, belonging to the localities of a private farm Mosquitoes belonging to the family Culicidae present (15°04’21”S/57°10’52”W), municipality of Barra do Bugres, State cosmopolitan distribution. Multiple species are adapted to of Mato Grosso, Brazil. tropical and subtropical regions. Geographic distribution data are essential to improve the knowledge of mosquito systematics, as The study area is 97 km away from the capital of the State, well as the epidemiology of infectious diseases get by these insects Cuiabá; 45 Km from the city of Barra do Bugres, and is located in the central-southwestern region of Mato Grosso, with an altitude (Ni e l s e n 1980); since that several species are considered of of 171 meters above sea level (Figure 1). This area belong to the epidemiological value and, approximately 5% of them catchment area of the Paraguay River, presenting characteristic are involved in transmission cycles of etiological agents, vegetation, with predominance of the Cerrado and Amazon including malaria and arboviruses (Co n s o l i & Lo u r e n ç o - biomes. The region’s climate is warm and tropical sub-humid, d e -Ol i v e i r a 1994). with four months of drought from June to September (Sa n o & Al m e i d a 1998). These winged insects of subfamily Culicinae comprise the largest group with in Culicidae, a family of Nematocera dipterans These meteorological data confirm that the climate of Barra divided into two subfamilies, Anophelinae (488 species) Ha r b a c h do Bugres/MT is Aw, according to the climatic classification & Ki t c h i n g (2016) and Culicinae (3,525 species) (Ha r b a c h 2017). of Kö p p e n -Ge i g e r (1928). The local climate is Aw type presents Within Culicinae, 11 tribes are recognized, with 110 genera tropical characteristics, with a dry winter and a rainy summer. (Fo r a t t i n i 2002; Ru e d a 2008; Ra f a e l et al. 2012; Wi l k e r s o n et al. 2015; Ha r b a c h 2017). The study area has 42% of PPA (Permanent Preservation Area) and 31% refers to sites that should be protected, as streams, Species of Culicidae related to etiological agents, especially perennial rivers and springs. The area searched is the meeting those that occur more frequently in environments modified by between the Bugres river and the Paraguay River and has an humans, as species of the genus Anopheles, Culex and Aedes, area of around 1,329 Km2 (Br a s i l 2010). accumulate more information and studies in literature (Ma t t o s & Xa v i e r 1965; Fo r a t t i n i 2002). In Central Western Brazil, the Landscape in the study area was severely modified by excessive Cerrado (Savannah) biome contains a fauna of approximately land use. The environmental revels predominant open fields 90 species of Culicidae, with records started in the 50’s. These used for pasture and restricted spot of residual forest. The authors have catalogued the Culicidae fauna and were able to human settlements are restricted to rural habitations. Streams detect the presence of 164 species in 105 locations of 24 counties and pools for cattle water supplies permeate all the area. The of Mato Grosso (Ma t t o s & Xa v i e r 1965). region is characterized by possessing a drainage network with wide interfluves that favors accumulation of rainwater in areas Research on the ecology of sylvatic insects, vectors of potential demoted, with potential for the proliferation of mosquitoes. diseases in natural areas, sometimes impacted, although scarce; provide subsidies for the relevant epidemiological Mosquito capture. The Culicidae collections were carried understanding of these organisms. These studies facilitate out in 20 x 20 m plots, located within Amazon forest fragments the identification, tracking and control of these mosquitoes in during the year seasons between January to December 2015, on relation to environmental changes infringed by the man, who can a total of 12 inserts in the camp with the same sampling effort- sometimes or not culminate in major epidemics. The knowledge taking place in the seasons during the study period. of Culicidae biodiversity presents epidemiological importance, aiming to improve the understanding and the dynamics of the The collections were made in the afternoon to twilight, transmission of pathogens, as well as their importance as vectors, comprising periods of 17:00 the 20:00, totaling 3 hours of which may contribute for the adoption of control measures in capture in three consecutive days. Each catch is evaluated infested areas (Fo r a t t i n i 2002). environmental aspects, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall. The reported species of medically-important arboviruses associated to mosquitoes in Mato Grosso belong to three families The Culicidae captured on a quarterly basis, sampling method and tree genera: Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus), Togaviridae consisted of “active collections” corresponds to the result of (genus Alphavirus) and Bunyaviridae (genus Orthobunyavirus) capture in live bait protected (Ma r c o n d e s et al. 2007). The (Ca r d o s o et al. 2015; He i n e n et al. 2015a; Zu c h i et al. 2014). collections were made with the aid of suction type grabber “Castro” and flashlight (Se r v i c e 1993). Surveys of the Culicidae fauna are important to enlarge the knowledge of areas where these insects occur, to subsidize After the capture, the insects were stored in Entomological pots conservation projects, to understand the population dynamics plastic containers of 500 ml, with a maximum of 30 specimens of these groups of insects transmitting arboviruses and to reveal per container. The specimens collected were, fed with cotton ways for the implementation of epidemiological control policies soaked in to 10% sugar water, and kept in a Styrofoam box, (Fo r a t t i n i 2002). covered with a damp towel, avoiding the presence of predators and aiding the survival of the insects. The present study aimed at identifying the Culicidae fauna present in a wild area of Cerrado, checking its distribution and, animal Were exploited capoeira environments, open field, swamp-open, protection parameters. This process of survey and taxonomic forest-soil, canopy forest; distributed in 6 defined collection identification is of importance for environmental preservation, sections: Area A1 (Dyke forest [14º54’21”S 56º52’56”W]), Area diagnosing the richness and abundance of the Culicidae fauna A2 (Forest homemade house [14º53’59”S 56º52’54”W]), Area 95 in the rural area of the municipality of Barra do Bugres, Mato A3 (Paraguay river forest I [14º53’57”S 56º53’21”W]), Area A4 Grosso, Brazil serving as a subsidy in the evaluation of the (Paraguay river forest II [14º55’00”S 56º53’34”W]), Area A5
e-ISSN 1983-0572 96 Species compositionandfaunadistributionofmosquitoes(Diptera:… (Buritis’s forest [14º55’40”S 56º53’45”W]) and Area A6 (Virgin A6 Area and 56º53’45”W]) [14º55’40”S forest (Buritis’s Z a on at state specific level according to dichotomy keys of identified 40x, dormant at microscopes a stereoscope using in and, placed slide were specimen, each After 5 minutes. mosquitoes were taken to the freezer at approximately -20° C for University of Mato Grosso in small groups (30 copies). Previously, Entomology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal Medical the at identified were collected specimens The (2002). (1967); by techniques detailed following preserved and mounted Diptera. of Identification forest [14º56’14”S56º53’35”W])(Figure1). diversity index: D=0.19. Simpson’s H’=2.09; index: diversity Shannon 3.26; = α diversity index: Margalef samples: the in present species the dominance among and diversity the characterize better to calculated were indices ecological the events; collection twelve represent records These 1). (Table captures of frequency and samples of number and species, collection, of site campaign, collection to according separated and identified were mosquitoes Captured the farm. Sabethes Anopheles ( genera 12 species, and 34 Anophelini) Sabhetini, Mansonini, Culicini, (Aedini, tribes winged of 18,256 Representatives of distributed mosquitoes. into capture two subfamilies (Culicinae the of and Anophelinae), five in specimens resulted collections The of population ( M area the study characterize the in to mosquitoes calculated were indexes dominance and diversity Simpson and Shannon Margalef, The 2015). ( WRBU to according established subgenera the to and according abbreviated were R Culicidae of subgenera and F 56º53’45”W] andAreaA6Virginforest[14º56’14”S56º53’35”W]. A3 Paraguay river forest I [14º53’57”S 56º53’21”W]; Area A4 Paraguay river forest II [14º55’00”S 56º53’34”W]; Area A5 Buritis’s forest [14º55’40”S period January to December 2015. Area A1 Dyke forest [14º54’21”S 56º52’56”W]; Area A2 Forest homemade house[ 14º53’59”S 56º52’54”W]; Area the in Brazil, Grosso, Mato Bugres, do Barra of municipality the in fragments forests the sites capture (Culicidae) Diptera of Localization 1. Figure i n i t t a r o k n i t r o v a t r e n i e r a g Ochlerotatus f e l a (2001) and (2001) C , (2002). The classifications adopted to the genera to adopted classifications The (2002). 1951 Deinocerites i l o s n o (1927), , Wyeomyia Aedes ) & , Ochlerotatus followed C L i l o s n o G o ç n e r u o i u , , l cletd n id ra scin of sections areas wild in collected all ), Coquillettidia m s e ã r a RESULTS & R - L e d t r e n i e (1997) and to the genera the to and (1997) o ç n e r u o , -O Mansonia dl mde wr captured, were midges Adult S n o n n a h a r i e v i l
20; 01, s el as well as 2001), (2000; , Limatus - e d (1994) 1948; -O , Psorophora a r i e v i l D e n a e , Haemagogus G S and
i i f f a (1994), et al m n o s p F g n a . (1947); i n i t t a r o , Culex 1949; B
Aedes et al. et n i k l e and , ,
( (21.7%), Rondani Culicinae: trend: this captured. The species most often caught in each subfamily follow 34%, and by the tribe Aedini, responsible for 39% of of the the total of specimens captured specimens, followed by Anophelinae with The subfamily Culicinae was clearly the most abundant with 66% niiul cletd n, ersne 3.% f h copies the of 30.5% by followed identified, represented and, was collected species individuals abundant most The morphospecies). and together species (14 taxa most Aedini; identified of 50% and than more representing Culicini three tribes to the ( belonging specimens to genera belong abundant individuals) (18,256 collected specimens the of 63.4% than more that note to interesting is It Ocherotatus genus the of front in getting individuals) 3,072 and species (five collected genus genera the of the ranking the in place percentage 17% 4th showed in genera, abundant third most the represent although and (22%), captured individuals genus The other the among nine genera,with7,594(42%)individuals. distributed is rest The Culicinae. subfamily the in captured individuals of number second the and species genus the by followed (34%) and also the largest number of individuals captured 6,200; genus The preferentially inenvironmentswithwildcharacteristics. autumn. the 7.0% in and winter in 7.5% summer, the in 25.0% spring; the in 27.0% studied: seasons four the in present species the of 66% The greater eclecticism was observed between the Culicidae with darling chloropterus wilsoni Culicini 21.7%]; captured Tribes as themostcommonlycapturedspecimen(Table2). highlighting Anophelinae, presented only specimens of the genus Psorophora ,
30.5%]. art & otno 04] Sabethini 0.4%]; Coutinho, & Barreto Anopheles (fourspeciesand4,034individuals). ) Ocherotatus Anopheles ublt 06) and (0.6%)] Humboldt ferox
( c scapularis Oc. Cx. nldd the included Culex o Hmod (.%. h subfamily The (8.0%). Humboldt Von ( Culex presented the largest number of species of number largest the presented Cux. Culex Oc. scapularis Oc. Ochlerotatus ( Nyssorhyncus ( a te hr lret ubr of number largest third the had Culex ) ,
Ocherotatus spp. 18.6%); Mansonini [ Mansonini 18.6%); spp. with 4,462 (24%) of the identified the of (24%) 4,462 with
) te ot bnat occurred abundant, most the , Aedini
p. 1.% and (18.6%) spp. n darlingi An. ( (3,956; 21.7%), (3,956; Ochlerotatus
) [ npeii [ Anophelini darlingi Oc. e-ISSN 1983-0572 Leal-Santos ( and Och. Root (30.5%) Root Psorophora )
ih 5,566 with Psorophora ) scapularis Psorophora [ Anopheles Sa. scapularis An. M. Cx. et al. ( ( Man. ( ( Cux. Sbo. (2017) Nys ) ) ) ) ) , ,
Maio - Agosto 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (2): 94-105
Table 1. Seasonality distribution of Diptera (Culicidae) in the forests fragments in the municipality of Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in the period January to December 2015.
Summer Autumn Winter Spring Total Local / Species caught N % N % N % N % Dyke forest (Area A1) Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi 816 38.0 92 19.5 138 22.9 680 29.5 1726 31.2 Anopheles (Nys.) evansae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 10 0.4 10 0.2 Anopheles (Nys.) triannulatus 38 1.8 44 9.3 10 1.7 110 4.8 202 3.7 Culex (Cux.) spp. (1) 356 16.6 54 11.4 42 7.0 406 17.6 858 15.5 Culex (Mel). ribeirensis 8 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.1 Ochlerotatus (Och.) scapularis 542 25.2 204 43.2 300 49.8 708 30.7 1754 31.7 Ochlerotatus (Prc.) aenigmaticus 24 1.1 4 0.8 0 0.0 14 0.6 42 0.8 Psorophora (Pso.) ferox 226 10.5 42 8.9 68 11.3 166 7.2 502 9.1 Psorophora (Pso.) albigenus 126 5.9 30 6.4 44 7.3 204 8.8 404 7.3 Wyeomyia petrocchiae 14 0.7 2 0.4 0 0.0 8 0.3 24 0.4 TOTAL 2,150 100 472 100 602 100 2,306 100 5,530 100 Homemade house forest (Area A2) Aedes (Stg.) aegypti 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.7 8 0.3 Anopheles (Nys.) albitarsis 2 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.4 6 0.2 Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi 1094 87.1 64 94.1 106 88.3 984 92.1 2248 89.5 Anopheles (Nys.) triannulatus 30 2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 2.4 56 2.2 Ochlerotatus (Och.) scapularis 130 10.4 4 5.9 14 11.7 46 4.3 194 7.7 TOTAL 1,256 100 68 100 120 100 1,068 100 2,512 100 Paraguay river forest I (Area A3) Anopheles (Nys.) albitarsis 20 7.4 0 0.0 4 6.3 20 6.4 44 6.3 Anopheles (Nys.) argyritarsis 16 5.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 2.5 24 3.4 Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi 30 11.0 10 20.0 12 18.8 50 15.9 102 14.6 Anopheles (Nys.) evansae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 1.9 6 0.9 Anopheles (Ano.) mattogrossensis 10 3.7 2 4.0 0 0.0 4 1.3 16 2.3 Anopheles (Ano.) minor 4 1.5 0 0.0 4 6.3 8 2.5 16 2.3 Anopheles (Nys.) triannulatus 24 8.8 2 4.0 4 6.3 24 7.6 54 7.7 Coquillettidia (Rhy.) nigricans 10 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 10 3.2 20 2.9 Mansonia (Man.) amazonensis 16 5.9 0 0.0 4 6.3 4 1.3 24 3.4 Mansonia (Man.) pseudotitilans 6 2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 18 5.7 24 3.4 Mansonia (Man.) wilsoni 14 5.1 4 8.0 6 9.4 12 3.8 36 5.1 Ochlerotatus (Och.) bejaranoi 4 1.5 2 4.0 2 3.1 4 1.3 12 1.7 Ochlerotatus (Prc.) aenigmaticus 4 1.5 0 0.0 2 3.1 6 1.9 12 1.7 Psorophora (Pso.) champerico 38 14.0 10 20.0 12 18.8 58 18.5 118 16.9 Psorophora (Pso.) ferox 12 4.4 2 4.0 4 6.3 6 1.9 24 3.4 Psorophora (Pso.) lutzii 10 3.7 4 8.0 2 3.1 12 3.8 28 4.0 Psorophora (Pso.) albigenus 16 5.9 4 8.0 0 0.0 10 3.2 30 4.3 Sabethes (Sbo.) chloropterus 16 5.9 4 8.0 4 6.3 20 6.4 44 6.3 Deinocerites spp. 22 8.1 6 12.0 4 6.3 34 10.8 66 9.4 TOTAL 272 100 50 100 64 100 314 100 700 100 Paraguay river forest II (Area A4) Anopheles (Nys.) albitarsis 20 2.6 2 1.1 4 2.2 16 2.6 42 2.4 Anopheles (Nys.) argyritarsis 10 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 20 3.2 30 1.7 Anopheles (Nys.) darlingi 196 25.3 30 16.5 20 10.8 172 27.7 418 23.7 Anopheles (Nys.) triannulatus 16 2.1 2 1.1 0 0.0 12 1.9 30 1.7 Mansonia (Man.) amazonensis 8 1.0 0 0.0 4 2.2 8 1.3 20 1.1 Mansonia (Man.) wilsoni 10 1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 1.0 16 0.9 97 Ochlerotatus (Och.) scapularis 310 40.1 110 60.4 114 61.3 234 37.7 768 43.6 Psorophora (Pso.) amazonica 12 1.6 4 2.2 2 1.1 12 1.9 30 1.7 to be continued... e-ISSN 1983-0572 98 areas ofthefarm. no was there green the A3), between collected species of (Area number the in I difference River Paraguay forest the and A2) ( 3.26 and 0.19 between ranged location by mosquitoes of diversity the As of thetotalspeciesrecordedin thisstudy. 2% represent these individuals, 50 than less with species 23 the add we if hand, other the On identified. and of the collected specimens 57.5% represent records species five These 4.5%). (828; 8%); (1,452; 18.6%); (3,404; spp. Species compositionandfaunadistributionofmosquitoes(Diptera:… TOTAL GERAL TOTAL Sabethes Psorophora Psorophora Ochlerotatus Mansonia Mansonia Limatus durhamii Haemagogus Culex Culex Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Virgin forest(AreaA6) TOTAL Psorophora Psorophora Psorophora Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Mansonia Mansonia Culex Culex Culex Culex Anopheles Anopheles Anopheles Buritis’s forest(AreaA5) TOTAL Sabethes Sabethes Psorophora Psorophora Psorophora Local /Speciescaught Table 1.Continue... ( ( ( ( ( ( Cux. Cux. Cux. Mel. Cux. Cux. ( ( ( Sbo. Sbo. Sbo. M ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) Man. Man. Man. Man. Nys. Ano. Nys. Nys. Nys. Nys. Nys. Nys. Nys.
declarator decl ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( spp. (2) spp. (1) Coronator complex spp. (1) r a Pso. Pso. Pso. Pso. Pso. Pso. Pso. Pso. ( ( ( ( Och. Prc. Och. ) ) ) Psorophora Con. g glaucodaemon chloropterus chloropterus ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) f e l a arator ) ) ) ) triannulatus evansae benarrochi argyritarsis albitarsis triannulatus darlingi albitarsis mattogrossensis ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) wilsoni amazonensis wilsoni titillans albigenus lutzii lutzii ferox champerico lutzii ferox champerico ) ) ) oligopistus ) scapularis scapularis leucocelaenus , 1951 , Cx. ( ) for the forest homemade house (Area house homemade forest the for ) Mel. ( Psorophora )
spp. (860; 4.7%); (860; spp. ) albigenus 2,062 7,404 890 774 460 602 220 466 426 194 176 174 80 82 26 24 72 10 10 16 16 14 12 12 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 2 Summer Ps. % Coqquillett ( 22.6 20.7 22.3 Pso. 67.6 100 100 100 10.6 10.3 19.8 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 8.4 9.4 2.9 0.7 0.7 3.5 0.1 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 # ) ferox 1,594 586 236 182 202 100 144 116 90 90 20 14 14 12 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8
6 6 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Autumn ie Prga I a te ot ersnaie ih 9 species 19 with representative identified; followed by the most virgin forest 16 species; Buritis’s forest the was I Paraguay river Paraguay river forest I (Area A4) 3.8%, but in many species; 9.6%; forest Virgin A4) (Area II forest 13.7%; river Paraguay 11.8%; A6) (Area A2) forest (Area forest house homemade 30.3%; with A1) (Area forest Dyke the by followed section; this at exclusively and of captured; species the specimens being (30.7%) 5,598 with representative the considered most were 05) (Area forest Buritis’s the area farm, the the in of sections set six in caught species the to relation In Ochlerotatus 85.6 24.6 100 100 100 19.8 15.4 15.4 17.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 6.6 2.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.7 3.3 2.5 7.7 1.7 1.7 1.1 % #
1,804 588 244 186 104 126 124 214 132 80 20 20 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 Winter ( Protoculex N Culex. 22.4 10.8 100 100 100 87.7 21.4 13.6 17.7 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 8.6 2.2 3.4 2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1 # ( ) Culex oligopistus 2,362 7,454 620 784 200 460 204 330 368 366 472 554 40 20 20 30 58 10 10 10 18 18 16 14 12 0 0 0 8 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2
Spring )
ooao cmlx (1.2%) complex Coronator e-ISSN 1983-0572 20.0 26.0 23.5 58.7 100 100 100 14.0 15.6 15.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 9.4 8.5 2.6 3.2 2.3 6.5 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 Dyar (0.2%) captured (0.2%) Dyar % # Leal-Santos 18,256 2,154 1,762 5598 1068 1206 1072 1478 860 394 756 414 170 152 20 20 30 30 68 92 36 22 34 32 52 10 10 18 18 16 16 14 12 12 N 8 6 6 4 4 Total et al. 68.6 (2017) 100 100 100 18.3 15.4 21.5 13.5 19.1 19.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 8.6 9.6 2.4 0.7 0.7 7.4 1.0 0.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.1 % # Maio - Agosto 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (2): 94-105
Table 2. Distribution of winged specimens of Culicidae and its subfamilies and tribes, captured as the seasons at private farm in the municipality of Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in the period January to December 2015.
SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER SPRING TOTAL SUBFAMILY/TRIBE/GENRE SUBGÊNERO N % N % N % N % N % Subfamilya Culicinae Tribe Aedini Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Stegomyia) 0 0.0 0 0,0 0 0.0 8 0.3 8 0.1 Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar & Shannon (Conopostegus) 26 1.0 8 1.2 2 0.2 16 0.5 52 0.7 Psorophora amazonica Cerqueira (Janthinosoma) 12 0.4 4 0.6 2 0.2 12 0.4 30 0.4 Psorophora champerico (Dyar & Knab) (Janthinosoma) 294 11.0 44 6.5 48 5.7 298 10.0 684 9.5 Psorophora ferox (Von Humboldt) (Janthinosoma) 538 20.1 146 21.4 172 20.4 596 20.1 1452 20.3 Psorophora lutzii (Theobald) (Janthinosoma) 30 1.1 6 0.9 6 0.7 36 1.2 78 1.1 Psorophora albigenus (Coqquillett) (Janthinosoma) 318 11.9 42 6.2 50 5.9 418 14.1 828 11.6 Ochlerotatus bejaranoi (Martínez, Carcavallo & (Ochlerotatus) 4 0.1 2 0.3 2 0.2 4 0.1 12 0.2 Prosen) Ochlerotatus scapularis (Rondani) (Ochlerotatus) 1422 53.2 424 62.2 558 66.1 1552 52.3 3956 55.2 Ochlerotatus aenigmaticus (Cerqueira & Costa) (Protoculex) 28 1.0 4 0.6 2 0.2 20 0.7 54 0.8 Ochlerotatus oligopistus (Dyar) (Protoculex) 0 0.0 2 0.3 2 0.2 8 0.3 12 0.2 Total 2,672 100 682 100 844 100 2,968 100 7,166 100 Tribe Culicini Culex Coronator complex (Culex) 24 1.4 14 2.9 0 0.0 30 1.7 68 1.5 Culex spp. (1) (Culex) 1418 80.8 372 76.9 380 77.2 1234 68.6 3404 75.2 Culex spp. (2) (Melanoconion) 194 11.1 90 18.6 104 21.1 472 26.3 860 19.0 Culex declarator (Dyar & Knab) (Culex) 88 5.0 2 0.4 4 0.8 28 1.6 122 2.7 Culex ribeirensis (Forattini & Sallum) (Melanoconion) 8 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.2 Deinocerites spp. 22 1.3 6 1.2 4 0.8 34 1.9 66 1.5 Total 1,754 100 484 100 492 100 1,798 100 4,528 100 Tribe Mansonini Coquillettidia nigricans (Coquillet) (Rhynchotaenia) 10 12.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 10 12.8 20 11.2 Mansonia amazonensis (Theobald) (Mansonia) 28 35.9 2 25.0 8 57.1 16 20.5 54 30.3 Mansonia pseudotitilans (Theobald) (Mansonia) 6 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 18 23.1 24 13.5 Mansonia titillans (Walker) (Mansonia) 0 0.0 2 25.0 0 0.0 6 7.7 8 4.5 Mansonia wilsoni (Barreto & Coutinho) (Mansonia) 34 43.6 4 50.0 6 42.9 28 35.9 72 40.4 Total 78 100 8 100 14 100 78 100 178 100 Tribe Sabethini Sabethes chloropterus (Humboldt) (Sabethoides) 32 51.6 6 33.3 8 66.7 60 65.2 106 57.6 Sabethes glaucodaemon (Dyar & Shannon) (Sabethoides) 16 25.8 6 33.3 4 33.3 10 10.9 36 19.6 Limatus durhamii (Theobald) - 0 0.0 4 22.2 0 0.0 14 15.2 18 9.8 Wyeomyia petrocchiae (Shannon & Del Ponte) (Davismyia) 14 22.6 2 11.1 0 0.0 8 8.7 24 13.0 Total 62 100 18 100 12 100 92 100 184 100 Subfamily Anophelinae Tribe Anophelini Anopheles albitarsis (Lynch-Arribálzaga) (Nyssorynchus) 44 1.6 8 2.0 8 1.8 48 1.9 108 1.7 Anopheles argyritarsis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Nyssorynchus) 36 1.3 4 1.0 2 0.5 34 1.4 76 1.2 Anopheles benarrochi (Gabaldón, Cova Garcia (Nyssorynchus) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 18 0.7 18 0.3 & Lopez) Anopheles darlingi (Root) (Nyssorynchus) 2,602 91.7 340 84.6 408 92.3 2,216 88.0 5,566 89.8 Anopheles evansae (Brethes) (Nyssorynchus) 12 0.4 0 0.0 6 1.4 18 0.7 36 0.6 Anopheles mattogrossensis (Lutz et Neiva) (Anopheles) 14 0.5 2 0.5 0 0.0 4 0.2 20 0.3 Anopheles minor (Lima) (Anopheles) 4 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.9 8 0.3 16 0.3 Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva et Pinto) (Nyssorynchus) 126 4.4 48 11.9 14 3.2 172 6.8 360 5.8 Total 2,838 100 402 100 442 100 2,518 100 6,200 100
TOTAL 7,404 # 1,594 # 1,804 # 7,454 # 18,256 # 99
e-ISSN 1983-0572 100 diseases is influenced by weather conditions, temperature, conditions, weather summer during especially season, the of by time humidity, relative influenced is diseases tropical of vectors Culicidae of wildlife and ecology of study The winged of species specimens typically. of composed found, fauna Culicidae the by common. confirmed are studied area the of preservation quite of conditions The are man this by in occupied areas since country condition, the of conserved part relative a in are areas The River. Paraguay the of flow high a of presence the by promoted riparian areas, dense with ecosystem cerrado the of sections into inserted are conducted was sampling the which in locations The their extend habits diurnal with activities beyondthesunset. species few a noting habits, that activity biting occurs between species the of mosquitoes with diurnal and of nocturnal transition the demonstrated species. (2016) more a or indicates one of 0.19) dominance = of (D pattern index dominance Simpson’s niches. the specific Also, in populations of capture the on focused were efforts the where situation a in environments, manufactured in obtained sample a in expected is which average, above diversity 3.26) and Shannon diversity (H’ = 2.09). ( These results indicate a diversity and Margalef’s include diversity study the evaluate in used to dominance used frequently indexes Ecological past, the in area causing newoutbreaks( the in the controlled and pathogens previously of reported reemergence never were they where places in new diseases, such as arboviruses, outbreaks of endemic diseases of emergence the promote also may and man by caused changes and environmental to associated be may filariasis species these of finding The malaria, as diseases of framed arboviruses. vectors arthropods hoods potential that as ecotypes different of of species many vectors includes region study the of biodiversity The disease of cases human transmitted bymosquitoes( of number growing the highlighting diseases, their these to exposed more precarious are to conditions, by socioeconomic characterized countries, due Tropical fever. attention dengue more and malaria as such health, public for requiring relevance epidemiological disease some cause and worldwide, mosquitoes by transmitted are Pathogens (Virgin forest). A6 Area for except study, the of sections five in captured species, A6 (Virgin forest). ( benarrochi forest Shannon (2.4%), river (Paraguay A4 and Area II) in only captured was (2.0%) forest river (Paraguay A3 I); Area in only captured were (2.9%) and ( (9.4%), forest); (Dyke A1 Area in only captured were Culex petrocchiae Wyeomyia ( anthropophilic to environments present adaptability house Aedini and This plasticity (homemade phenotypic residences. A2 large of proximity Area the in due only forest) we collected points, was set other (0.03%) that in emphasize caught species can other to relation In with 10speciesandhomemadehouseforestfivespecies. forest Dyke species; 13 with II Paraguay river forest species; 14 Species compositionandfaunadistributionofmosquitoes(Diptera:… Mansonia Ochlerotatus Sabethes Coquillettidia Coquillettidia ( Melanoconion Anopheles Haemagogus ) Gabaldón, Cova Garcia & Lopez (0.8%) and titillans ) ( bejaranoi Sabethoides G Limatus durhamii i u An. ( m Anopheles (Walker) (0.4%) were captured only in Area s e ã r a Aedes ) ( ( ribeirensis Nys. DISCUSSION Rhynchotaemia hno & e Pne tl (.% and (0.4%) still Ponte Del & Shannon ( T Conopostegus i e d a atnz Craal & rsn (7%) Prosen & Carcavallo Martinez,
t al. et ) ) C glaucodaemon darlingi
l a ) et al. minor ( z Stegomyia i r a l o 97. e a hglgt that highlight can We 1987). oatn e alm (0.04%) Sallum e Forattini 1998,2000 (0.8%) Theobald, Lima (2.3%), 2016 (30.5%) was the dominant ) ) nigricans leucocelaenus ) ). aegypti yr Shannon & Dyar Deinocerites ). O n i d n a l r Ochlerotatus Coquillet Linnaeus An. Mansonia yr & Dyar
( Nys. t al. et spp. a = )
highlight the genera most the as can we area, the in species the mosquitoes Among worldwide. animals lethal consider organization diseases. health of vectors World important become which through habits, haematophagic their to due attention special receive Culicidae among mortality and morbidity ( humans the with indirectly involved h ptnil o gnrtn snnhoi niac species, malaria. nuisance and arboviruses as pathogens, of synanthropic serving or stings constant generating the for with potential wealth, maintained the is area search the in fauna Culicidae creation, cattle by caused impact environmental the before Even higher temperature,duringspringandsummer. of periods during precipitation of levels highest the ( hit typically rainfall annual mm 1,700 and 30ºC and 20 among varying 24°C, of temperature average and spring savanna, Tropical is region receiving studied the influence of tropical Monçoico climate, the with a warm of climate The State. the in exist climate of types Six conditions. climate great of a diversity provides Grosso Mato of extension territorial vast The 1998; B ( well- winter dry and two summer rainy seasons: defined presents Cerrado regions, tropical Brazil, of Caatinga). Characteristic and forest of Atlantic forest, rain West (Amazonian Brazilian addition, the biomes of Central most In in present specimens biome. the share location (Savanaah) this in Cerrado situated the predominating is Grosso Mato conditions forovipositionandproliferationofmosquitoes. of water salinity and the presence of vegetables, which can create light intensity, Collection of breeding places, temperature, degree as such factors, biological and chemical physical, the indicating C of proliferation the to contribute mosquitoes. may that factors other and regions, and areas certain in humidity and temperatures high or h genus the mainly species, 150 about Culicidae, of members the all Among malaria inBrazil( species State of Mato Grosso, with emphasis on the genus to belonging the in species, represented all Anophelinae, and Culicinae 34mosquito subfamily the catalogue and find wewere to study able In this environments. specific in then describe H and recorded F were unknown, Culicidae studies: some are and species these of of some currently species but catalogued, several 1965, In 1). (Table environments wild for important is ness representative and (15.4%) spp. including (19.1%); frequency, exhibited species Other 1994). M associated to epidemiological cycle of some arboviruses ( concern and interest raises aspect This cycle. life their of stages all at man the with interacting capacity, synanthropic great with and activities anthropogenic by influenced strongly is andits presence ditches, drainage sites, breeding artificial in transients (21.5%); this culicid develops in natural breeding sites in soil and was species common most second The mammals. of presence and areas collecting to due species, the dominant most in assessed that sections showed the area in study fauna Culicidae of study The a r i e r r e i l o s n o n i h c t u s o t t a 1970; & l i s a r An. g (1999 s F Ps.
L et al i n i t t a r o o ç n e r u o ( 2013 Anopheles Nys ( S Pso . (2010); ); s o t n a .) T a). S darlingi .) 2002; Ps. i e d a S a k n i - Anopheles s o t n a
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Pso. et al. M Aedes a r i e v i l
R An. a s i 1981; et al et T o Hmod (9.6%), Humboldt Von , considered to be the main vector of vector main the be to considered , a d e u r e h c t a h ) w albigenus 2012). ( a (34%), . (1981); . , Nys
Haemagogus et al. 2008; G (1994) discuss these influences, these discuss (1994) C i l o s n o .) (1998); (2011), Culex. darlingi C B 1.%. hs species These (18.3%). & i f f a e-ISSN 1983-0572 l r a h l i s a r L Leal-Santos (25%), g o ç n e r u o Z T n a w 2013 a u l u i e d a 3.% ws the was (30.5%) d o o
et al. and Cx. S Anopheles
Oc. scapularis Oc. o n a g
t al et et al et a Aedes ) Te rain The b). Culex -
et al e d 2015). The ( & Cx. Cul. et al. -O (1998); . . (1982); . X A (2012) r e i v a (0.1%) a r i e v i l l ) ( (2017)
m Mel. are and spp. a d i e & )
Maio - Agosto 2017 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 10 (2): 94-105 and Haemagogus (0.3%) these species are considered potential The specie S. chloropterus is a vector for YFV (Hu t c h i n g s et al. vectors of arboviruses; as dengue (DENV-1.2.3.4), yellow fever 2010). ROCV and MAGV can be transmitted by Oc. scapularis (YFV), Mayaro fever (MAYV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and and Mansonia. spp. respectively (Mi t c h e l l et al. 1984; Mi t c h e l l et malaria (Se g u r a & Ca s t r o 2007; He i n e n et al. 2015b; Se r r a et al. al. 1986; Fe r n á n d e z et al. 2000). These arboviruses are described 2016). in the Brazilian Amazon region and, in the imminence of the introduction of one of these viruses in this region, these vectors Despite these species present in their habits preferences wild could spread these arboviruses among susceptible hosts in the environments, they are directly related to maintenance in nature presence of ecological and environmental conditions favorable to of arbovirus transmission between hosts. Mosquito species arbovirus dissemination. Ochlerotatus serratus (Th e o b a l d 1901) were reported infected with St. Louis virus (SLEV), Oropouche (VORO) (Va s c o n c e l o s The species Mansonia titillans, Oc. scapularis and Ps. ferox et al. 1998), Aura (AURAV) (Tr a v a s s o s et al. 2001; Sa b a t t i n i et were found infected naturally with a subtype of VEEV, ROCV al. 1998) and (THUNDER) (Tr a v a s s o s et al. 2001; Tu r e l l et al. and MAYV, respectively (Fo r a t t i n i et al. 1995, 1997; Tr a v a s s o s 2005) virus. Can still be prosecuted as potential vectors of the d a Ro s a et al. 1998; Me n d e z et al. 2001; Di a z et al. 2003; Si l v a et virus (ILHV) (Va s c o n c e l o s et al. 1998), recently reported in the al. 2014). Pantanal (Pa u v o l i d -Co r r e a et al. 2013). Similarly, Ae. aegypti is considered competent vector in the transmission of dengue Synanthropic species as Ae. (Stg.) aegypti and Cx. (Mel.) virus (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), Mayaro (MAYV) (De g a l l i e r et ribeirensis were less plentiful. Other species found, however, did al. 2003; Lo n g et al. 2011), Rocio (ROCV) (Sc h a t zm a y r , 2001), not show any association with the anthropic environment, as is Islanders (ILHV) (La e mm e r t & Hu g h e s 1947), Bussuquara (BSQV) the case of the species Ps. (Pso.) champerico, Ps. (Pso.) lutzii, (Ga l i n d o et al. 1966) and Cacipacoré (CACV) (Fi g u e i r e d o 2010). Ps. (Pso.) amazonica, Ps. (Pso.) albigenu, can be classified as asynanthopics, because these species do not tolerate changes in According to Brazilian and American researchers, this lethal the environment (Fo r a t t i n i et al. 1993, 1995, 1997). viral hemorrhagic fever caused urban epidemics spread by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is of greater concern because urbanization The females of the genus Psorophora are voracious, even and air travel put more than 130 countries infested with vector when found in environments with high levels of population dipteran and more than 4 billion people at risk of introduction density showing a tendency to choose by the blood of mammals and spread of the disease (Va s c o n c e l o s & Mo n a t h 2016). This (Fo r a t t i n i 2002). The captured specimens of this genus Ps. (Pso.) mosquito besides transmitting Yellow fever is the vector of champerico, Ps. (Pso) albigenu, Ps. (Pso.) ferox, Ps. (Pso.) lutzii Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses in developing countries. and Ps. (Pso.) amazonica were observed in this study, due to the Dengue serotype 2 is predominant in the Americas, but serotype habit of this eclectic genre. Female Psorophora (Pso) ferox Von 1 (DENV-1) predominates, although serotype four (DENV-4) was Humboldt (8.0%) and Ps. (Pso.) albigenus (4.6%) were species isolated in Culicidae in Cuiabá, central region of Brazil (He i n e n that were present when human exposure were performed during et al. 2015a). This serotype were accompanied by a significant the collection campains. UNAV is widely distributed in South frequency in natural transovarian transmission in Ae. aegypti America, where infections have been detected in mosquitoes in during 2015 (Cr u z et al. 2015). this genre and hosted in vertebrates (Tr a v a s s o s d a Ro s a et al. 1998; Di a z et al. 2003). Although these studies only demonstrate Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses the ability of these culicids to carry pathogens, they play a have as potential vectors Ma. (Man.) titilans (Ra j e n d r a n & Pr a s a d significant role in virus circulation in natural environments 1992), Psorophora spp, An. nimbus (Fe r n a n d e z et al. 2000) (Fo r a t t i n i 2002). and Oc. (Och) scapularis (Ar n e l l 1976; Mi t c h e l l et al. 1985; Fo r a t t i n i et al. 1995). The species Cx. (Cux.) Coronator complex These behaviors probably can be directly favored by the diversity are related to SLEV transmission (Fe r n a n d e z et al. 2000) and of food sources of animals as cattle and the fauna available in the West Nile (WNV), which can also be transmitted by Ps. ferox, region, which covers large amounts of dense forest which is home and ROCV (Ar n e l l 1976). Recently, studies involving DENV, to a variety of mammals and birds and that are used as a food SLEV and MAYV reported by Zu c h i et al. (2014) and He i n e n et source for these gnats. These aspects should be considered highly al. (2015b) demonstrate their circulation in humans in the State relevant to maintenance of epizootic cycles of many pathogens of Mato Grosso. from view of the activity of these hematophagous organisms.
Among mosquitoes that cause the constant hassle of stings, Among the 6,200 anophelines captured, eight different species predominated in this research Cq. (Rhy.) nigricans (2.9%) have been identified: An. (Nys.) darlingi (30.5%) set up as and the genus Mansonia. (1.0%) highlighting the species M. the most important malaria vector (Si n k a et al. 2012), while (Man) amazonensis, Ma. (Man.) wilsoni, M. (Man.) titillans, the species: Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) triannulatus Neiva M. (Man.) pseudotitillans. In general, the genus Mansonia and et Pinto, Anopheles (Ano.) mattogrossensis Lutz et Neiva, Coquillettidia presented low abundance, even in the face of the Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, massive presence of macrophytes and other aquatic plants in lakes Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis Lynch-Arribálzaga must and ponds of water present at the sections where these specimens be mentioned, Anopheles (Anopheles) minor Lima, Anopheles were collected (sections 3, 4 and 5). Among the Mansoniini, we (Nyssorhynchus) benarrochi Gabaldón, Cova Garcia & Lopez can observe that the genus Coquillettidia and Mansonia showed and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae Brethes together add little tendency to the environment under anthropic action. up to 3.5% of the specimens captured. These species have been catalogued and considered of low Epidemiologically, the presence of individuals of the genus anthropophilic activity (Table 1). Anopheles indicate this can be considered an important genera The species of the genus Psorophora are also involved in LHV which includes many vectors species of Plasmodium that transmission, SSQV, ROCV (Sc h a t zm a y r , 2001), Maguari (MAGV), cause malaria in humans. An. (Nys.) triannulatus An. (Nys.) YFV, Guama (GUAV), Una (UNAV) and Mayaro (Se g u r a & Ca s t r o , vestitipennis, An. (Nys.) oswaldoi, An. (Nys.). albitarsis, An. 2007). Ps. (Pso.) ferox Von Humboldt (8%) were located in four (Nys.) nuneztovari, are considered auxiliary vectors of malaria; of the five sections area of intensively dense forest. This fact is these species can be considered the main vectors of regional or due to species presenting preference for environments without local transmission (Fo r a t t i n i 2002). 101 human action, according to Ga l i n d o et al. (1966), and Fo r a t t i n i Three species of anophelinae captured are important in the et al. (1995) (Table 2). epidemiology of malaria transmission: An. darlingi is considered one of the most efficient malaria vectors in the region of the e-ISSN 1983-0572 102 Carcavallo & Prosen, only related in Bolivia, the Paraguai River Paraguai the Bolivia, in related only Prosen, & Carcavallo interesting mosquitoes of species finding, two to observed Attention searched. especially place in the environmental degradation of degree high a indicate dominance, species non-wild the hand, other the on action; anthropogenic reduced suggests ( Sabethini tribes of on representatives as and species wild of wealth prevalence on small; is it if even presence, differed The fragments. Culicidae of forest richness of state conservation the by probably sites, study between species and composition The to differentenvironmentalconditions(Table1). adapt to and biology their in vary to ability demonstrate species some environments, these of leases water and grounds breeding which are located at these sections and specific areas, must be the forest with 30.7% of individuals collected. Culicidae populations, area the Buritis’s were representative most were in that forest the searched, sections set six in caught species the to relation In 2). and 2,216) 408, species, numerous most the for spring and winter autumn, summer, seasons the in collected values the scapularis year, the over all of number high the justifies cattle which constantly receives region searched; the area the where in collections the for accounted they when adaptation to human coexistence. These claims can be confirmed, of process the in being species the of tendency certain a is there species, this on reports existing the Despite 1993). 1995, 1990, ( action of its surroundings. Still, there are many reports about the presence in addition to suffer influence of anthropogenic activity mainly in climax the reached yet not has area the of preservation the that modified environments of presence significant The places, wherethereisthepresenceofthesespecimens. the in sources these of availability and density the by influenced be would in action this and animals large identifying sucking for predilection genre, another in preference clear a observe to able were researchers these (1997), to According horses. and cattle as such animals large in repast blood performing in ease of zoophilia related to D their populations( control and monitor easily more to vulnerabilities its discover to order in characteristics, biological their of knowledge the to led ( world the of parts various from researchers of attention received has mosquitoes An highlight we study, darlingi this An. in captured anophelines the Among oswaldoi An. darlingi An. benarrochi; demonstrate the importance of this genre in the State, quote: by obtained al species of et records the Grosso, Mato In et al. vectors of malaria in Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela ( rondoni An. al. et et al. ( Grosso Mato in vectors important the of one considered Americas ( Species compositionandfaunadistributionofmosquitoes(Diptera:… amggs leucocelaenus Haemagogus e n a e Oc. scapularis Oc. . albitarsis 2011) were found naturally infected with 2012). 2010) and is considered a vector for arboviruses as SLEV. as arboviruses for vector a considered is and 2010) 21) cpue wt dfeet olcin techniques, collection different with captured (2011),
et al et G i u Ochlerotatus F (21.7%) in the inserts to the field. We can highlight can We field. the to inserts the in (21.7%) . (1947; 1948) and 1948) (1947; . m i n i t t a r o and 3.%; olwd by followed (30.5%); s e ã r a , 06) Te aua hsoy f hs ufml of subfamily this of history natural The (0.6%). n peryassui An. in wild areas also under intense anthropogenic intense under also areas wild in An. albitarsis An. c scapularis Oc.
F t al. et
et al. i n i t t a r o S a k n i An. albitarsis F 1987; 1993; i n i t t a r o
, ( G An. mediopunctatus An. et al. et Ochlerotatus i u 2002). Oc. scapularis Oc. m L , S must be mentioned as confirmed as mentioned be must s e ã r a n rangeli An. a n e c u 2010; 2012), these studies have studies these 2012), 2010; yr Sann ad Aedini, and Shannon) & Dyar G a k n i 142 44 58 152 (Table 1,552) 558, 424, (1,422, (1986), allows the interpretation i u An. darlingi An. m
. This species presents sharp
et al. An s e ã r a (1950) found a high degree high a found (1950) et al. et c scapularis Oc. An. darlingi An. . ) triannulatus bejaranoi 2012); 1997; (1987) and (1987) , species adaptable to adaptable species , c scapularis Oc. , n triannulatus An. Plasmodium , (30.5%) and (30.5%) An. triannulatus An. nigritarsis An. F i n i t t a r o (2,602, 340, (2,602, Martinez, definite a 2) and (2%) G i u M M m (
a s s i can , t al. et S S a s i s e ã r a a k n i a k n i An. Oc. w w a a . ,
ihes f pce ivle i te rnmsin f emerging of transmission the in The involved Brazil. species of parts of other richness in and State the in vector main the outbreaks of of malaria in the region, since these species possibility represents the to alert an constitutes study this in identified of these abundance and of vectors neighboring of of populations are fundamental in the State. The constant presence health behavior the maintain surveillance thus the and diseases entomological of tropical monitoring on allow based that measures Preventive in thestatewithhighincidence. regard, epidemics of arboviruses infections are this recorded annually In pathogens. these by more risk infections potential and of expansion of more represent findings these Grosso, Mato of State the in seasonally ZIKV), and CHIKV DENV, example, (for humans for pathogenic arboviruses involving epidemics large of of sporadic transmission of this pathogen. An increasing number as taken be can Bugres do Barra of region the Brazil, in malaria controlling and monitoring of standards technical to accordance In organs. competent the by species vector control and combat epidemiological great to actions of support will that data provide are may it since relevance, fauna insect and fauna, mosquitoes behavior the culicid-rich of of Studies a health. public displays to relevant area species with study the conclusion, In southwestern region,indicatingestimationofitsdistribution. 2014). This is the first report of the species in the Cerrado, central- region ( Amazon and of America Records Central Brazil. includes in distribution state, the Paraná in related Knab), & (Dyar to situation same The territory. ( territory Bolivian the covers Cardoso, B.F., O.P. Serra, L.B.S. Heinen, N. Zuchi, V.C. V.C. Zuchi, N. Heinen, L.B.S. Serra, O.P. B.F., Cardoso, an Europe: in diseases Mosquito-borne 2016. M., Calzolari, Brasil - IBGE. 2010. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. n Decreto 2013b. Brasil, Municípios. Seus e Grosso Mato 2013a. Brasil, 1967. A.P.G., Belkin, of group Scapularis the of revision A 1976. J.H., Arnell, for theSupportofScienceStateMatoGrosso]. [Foundation Grosso Mato of State the in Foundation Research - FAPEMAT by provided were study this for support Financial to theneedforadditionalstudies. agents. This fact requires special attention of health and sections etiological for vectors as issue an species several of presence the the need for a permanent entomological surveillance; considering against goes and show studied area the in endemic and diseases R t r e n i e rzl Mm nt sad Cu, 1: 4-5. DOI: 745-754. 110: Cruz, Osvaldo Inst https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276015012 Mem Brazil. patients in in and S segment virus Oropouche of Slhassarenko, Detection R.D. 2015. & M.A.M.Santos Naeca, F.G. Souza, DOI: 1-12. Parasitology, in Reports threat. health public emerging September 2016]. < on: Avaliable D6321.ht planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2007/Decreto/ < php?sid=294&cid=132 on: 89 p. criar y preservar mosquitos. American Entomologist Institute, los mosquitos de Meso-America. IIa. Metodos para colecionar de sistemático estúdio um para Proyecto Um Ia. Culicidae). XXXIII. ControlAmericanEntomologistInstitute;13:1-144. ( Ochlerotatus
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Leal-Santos, F.A., A.C.M. Jacobina, M.M.Oliveira, M.B. Arruda Santana, O.P. Serra, A.V. Gonçalves, A.R.S. Garcêz, S.F. Thies, R.D. Slhessarenko, E.S.O. Dantas & D.P. Leite-Jr, 2017. Species composition and fauna distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and its importance for vector- borne diseases in a rural area of Central Western - Mato Grosso, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis, 10 (2): 94-105. Available on: doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i2.687 105
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