Handel's Messiah
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SPECIAL EVENT Guerrero Conducts HANDEL’S MESSIAH with the Nashville Symphony & Chorus THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, AT 7 PM FRIDAY & SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20 & 21, AT 8 PM SUNDAY, DECEMBER 22, AT 2 PM NASHVILLE SYMPHONY THANK YOU TO OUR CONCERT PARTNERS & CHORUS GIANCARLO GUERRERO, conductor TUCKER BIDDLECOMBE, chorus director MARY WILSON, soprano ANDREW FOSTER-WILLIAMS, bass GARRETT SORENSON, tenor Mezzo soprano and tenor soloists to be announced This concert will last 2 hours and 40 minutes, including a 20-minute intermission. This weekend’s performances of the Nashville Symphony Chorus are underwritten in part by Mr. & Mrs. James W. White. Air: The people that walked in darkness GEORGE FREDERIC HANDEL Chorus: For unto us a Child is Born Messiah – 2 hours, 40 minutes Pifa (Pastoral Symphony) Sinfonia Recitative: There were shepherds abiding in the field PART I Accompagnato: And lo, the angel of the Accompagnato: Comfort ye, my people Lord came upon them Air: Ev’ry valley shall be exalted Recitative: And the angel said unto them Chorus: And the Glory of the Lord Accompagnato: And suddenly, there was Accompagnato: Thus saith the Lord with the angel Air: But who may abide the day of Chorus: Glory to God in the Highest His coming Air: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion Chorus: And He shall purify Recitative: Then shall the eyes of the blind Accompagnato: Behold, a virgin be open'd shall conceive Duet: He shall feed His flock like Air and Chorus: O thou that tellest good a shepherd tidings to Zion Chorus: His yoke is easy, and His Accompagnato: For behold, darkness shall burthen is light cover the earth. 32 DECEMBER 2019 SPECIAL EVENT PART II Chorus: Behold the Lamb of God Chorus: Let us break their bonds asunder Air: He was despised Recitative: He that dwelleth in Heaven Chorus: Surely He hath bourne our griefs Air: Thou shalt break them with a Chorus: And with His stripes we are healed rod of iron Chorus: All we like sheep have gone astray Chorus: Hallelujah Accompagnato: All they that see Him, laugh Him to scorn PART III Chorus: He trusted in God Air: I know that my Redeemer liveth Accompagnato: Thy rebuke hath broken Chorus: Since by man came death His heart Accompagnato: Behold, I tell you a mystery Arioso: Behold and see if there be if there Air: The trumpet shall sound, and the dead be any sorrow shall be rais'd Accompagnato: He was cut off out of the Recitative: Then shall be brought to pass land of the living Duet: O death, where is thy sting? Air: But Thou didst not leave His Chorus: But thanks be to God soul in Hell Chorus: Worthy is the Lamb that was slain Chorus: Lift up your heads Chorus: Amen Air: How beautiful are the feet of them Air: Why do the nations so furiously rage together SUPPORT MUSIC IN TENNESSEE WITH AN ARTS PLATE INCONCERT 33 SPECIAL EVENT GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL Messiah Born on February 23, 1685, Estimated length: in Halle, Germany 2 hours and 40 minutes Died on April 14, 1759, in London, England First performance: April 13, 1742, in the Great Music Hall in Dublin, with the composer Composed: conducting. Handel composed the first version ofMessiah in just a little over three weeks, between August 22 and September 14, 1741, but First Nashville Symphony continued to make revisions to the score performance: — in some cases adding new arias — for December 15, 1963, with Music subsequent revivals of the work. Director Willis Page. verall, the career of George Frideric production were making it an unsustainable OHandel resembles that favorite symbol business model. What’s more, significant of 18th-century England: the wheel of fortune. changes in the English public’s musical taste The man who was born Georg Friedrich could not be ignored. AfterMessiah , Handel Händel to a barber-surgeon in Halle (less than ceased writing Italian operas altogether and 100 miles from J.S. Bach’s birthplace) settled concentrated mostly on oratorios in English. in London in 1712 and made England his Handel cultivated an English variation on home until he died. Handel found admiring the older oratorio idea, cleverly mixing a sense royal and aristocratic patrons there but also of moral uplift with the entertainment value enjoyed success as a musical entrepreneur, of opera, minus the expense, costumes, and managing the production of a prolific series overpaid egos. Oratorio had an additional of Italian operas which he wrote for the appeal, in that it seemed more acceptable London stage. Then, after his reputation to emerging middle-class audiences wary and fortune soared, fashions changed and of the scandal-tinged world of opera. But Handel came close to the brink of ruin. It this association with the sphere of secular was through his cultivation of the English performance generated some initial resistance oratorio — essentially, opera in disguise, to Messiah. without the costumes — that he turned his After producing a highly successful luck around once more. subscription series of both oratorios and Messiah belongs to this pivotal turning point operas in Dublin in the 1741-42 season, in Handel’s career, when he was shifting his Handel chose to conclude it by presenting focus away from the genre of tragic opera the world premiere of Messiah in the spring (opera seria) that had become a central of 1742. Despite the praise the new work won preoccupation of his London career. In fact, from its Dublin audiences, back in London — it was with opera (Rinaldo, in 1711) that where Handel cautiously introduced Messiah Handel scored his first hit in London. Opera under the title “New Sacred Oratorio” in 1743 seria involved setting librettos in Italian — it became the subject of controversy as a which recounted stories from mythology or debate raged in the press. Messiah’s method history. It was a genre calculated in part to of setting actual scriptural texts, as well as its showcase the star singers of the era, often delineation of Jesus within a genre that could with spectacular special effects as part of the be performed “for diversion and amusement,” staging. By the late 1730s, the high costs of even triggered charges of blasphemy, although 34 DECEMBER 2019 SPECIAL EVENT these were leveled against the secular context the part of the oratorio that is most closely of the performances rather than Handel’s tied to the Christmas season). Following its music itself. evocation of hope comes a condensed version The fretting subsided within a few years, of the Passion story of sacrifice in Part Two. although the only times Handel led Messiah Part Three concludes with the implications in a non-secular space were in his last years, of Christ’s redemption of humanity from the when he gave midday performances in the fall of Adam. newly built chapel of the Foundling Hospital. (The composer donated proceeds from WHAT TO LISTEN FOR Messiah concerts to charitable causes.) During his last decade, Handel conducted annual andel’s musical expression homes in on performances that became a highlight of the Hthe universal emotions that underlie each season. These were always given in the spring, stage of the Christian redemption narrative. at Eastertide. It was only after his death that Handel was above all a man of the theater, and the association of Messiah with the Christmas his operatic genius for establishing the mood to season took root. suit a given situation is everywhere apparent. Although we tend to think of Messiah as But in opera, Handel typically accomplishes the quintessential English oratorio, its text this through a lengthy chain of arias. The represents an unusual approach to the genre. centrality of the chorus in Messiah allows Librettist Charles Jennens had collaborated for greater diversity. Part One establishes a previously with Handel and likely compiled pattern of recitative, aria, and chorus, which the book for Israel in Egypt (first presented then allows for further variation in the other in 1739) which anticipates the method of two parts. construction of Messiah, arranging actual Handel moreover draws on the gamut texts from the bible. But the process is less of international styles of his era, mixing straightforward in Messiah. Jennens — a highly wrought, thrillingly complex wealthy patron who was nevertheless an Northern European counterpoint alongside outsider, disaffected with contemporary straightforward, Italianate lyricism, majestic English politics — juxtaposes extracts from French rhythms, and homophonic choruses. both the Old and the New Testaments to He avails himself as well of an astonishing represent the basic narrative of Christian range of colors in the accompanying textures, redemption. Rather than a biographical sketch though with a remarkable economy of of the life of Jesus, Messiah concerns the very instrumentation. Notice, for example, how idea of divinity becoming manifest in human the trumpets remain silent in Part One until history (hence the lack of the definite article “Glory to God,” and are subsequently kept — “the Messiah” — in its title). in the wings until the “Hallelujah!” chorus There is very little dramatic impersonation at the end of Part Two. (Incidentally, in of characters. The narrative is indirect and contrast to what is often assumed, the glory suggestive, and, as has been often noted, this chorus depicts refers not to the moment downright confusing to anyone not familiar of Christ’s resurrection but to the triumph with the implied events involving the life of of redemption). Jesus. Jennens divides the libretto into three Consider, too, the compelling psychological acts (although he calls them “parts”),