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Growth Rate and Health Status of Weaned Rabbits Fed Ensiled Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes Mart

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Growth Rate and Health Status of Weaned Rabbits Fed Ensiled Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes Mart Nigerian J. Anim. Sci. 2016 (2): Growth Rate and Health Status of Weaned Rabbits Fed Ensiled Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes Mart. Solms- Labauch) Based Diet Mako, A. A*., Akinwande, V.O., Oyegunwa A.S., Adedeji, T. O and Falade, A. O. Department of Agricultural Science, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode. Ogun State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] +2348023292736 & 08180069244 Target audience: Goat farmers, feed millers, nutritionist, extension officers Abstract In a 6 week feeding experiment, twenty five New Zealand white breed of weaned rabbits, with an average age of 8-10 weeks were used to assess the effect of ensiled water hyacinth (WH) with different additives on growth rate and blood parameters of the animals. The animals were randomly allotted to five dietary groups, with five animals per group. The feeding trial assessed the performance of weaned rabbits, the parameters measured include feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Blood samples were collected before, during and on the last day of the experiment for haematology and serum biochemical analyses. Results showed that the dry matter intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio varied significantly among the treatment means with values ranging from 66.59 - 67.26; 21.13 – 23.62 and 2.85 – 3.11 g/d respectively. However, it was observed that the animals on WH ensiled with brewers dry grain recorded the highest (67.26 g/d) dry matter intake and daily weight gain (23.62 g/d). Same trend was observed for the feed conversion ratio. All haematological and serum biochemical values were within normal range and did not vary significantly among the treatment means. Values for haemoglobin (g/dl), packed cell volume (%), white blood cells (x 103) and red blood cells (x 106) ranged form11.01- 13.80; 35.10- 41.00; 6.80-8.00; 4.70- 5.70 respectively, while total protein (g/dl),albumin, globulin (g/dl) and creatinine (mg/dl) ranged from 5.40- 6.00; 1.93-2.50; 2.80-3.22; 0.61-0.90 respectively. Diets of WH ensiled with different additives have no detrimental effect on growth rate and blood parameters indicating good performance and excellent health status of the animals. Key words: Additives, chemical composition, ensiled water hyacinth, growth Description of the Problem resources, particularly those of protein With the increasing human population and energy sources. In order to in the developing countries of the world, maximize food production and meet the there is stiff competition between man protein requirement in Nigeria, viable and livestock for available feed options need to be explored and 417 Mako et al evaluated (13). This has called for additives identification and introduction of new and lesser known plants, underutilized Materials and Methods as fodder crop. There are many aquatic Experimental site plants growing on Nigeria water ways The experiment was carried out at the that can serve as fodder for livestock. rabbitary unit of the Teaching and Water hyacinth is one of the most Research farm of the Department of common aquatic plants found on A g r i c u l t u r a l P r o d u c t i o n A n d Nigeria water ways. Water hyacinth Management Science, College of (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms- Science and Information Technology, Laubach) is a perennial aquatic herb, Tai Solarin University of Education growing abundantly throughout the Ijagun, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. year in rivers, lakes, ponds and dams. It does not compete with other Materials used agriculturally useful vegetation for Four hutches were constructed each of growing space and it is of no dietary which contained five cells consisting of importance to man. The constraint of strong wire netting, iron roofing sheets feeding Water hyacinth to livestock is and galvanized wire netting for cages the high moisture content, but it has f l o o r. T h e h u t c h e s w e r e o f been proved that wilting, ensiling and 60cm×60cm×90cm dimension with sun-curing can improve the dry matter wooden stands of 90cm from the floor. considerably (16). Each leg of the hutches was placed inside Rabbits utilize low grain and high a cylindrical tin containing a black oil roughage diets to produce cheap source (engine oil) to prevent soldier ants' of meat which is low in cholesterol, and infestation. Plastic feeding and water richer in protein than beef, chicken and troughs used were casted in concrete pork (7). Expanded rabbit production is chambers to prevent tipping over of a veritable way of alleviating animal feeders and drinkers by the rabbits. A protein deficiency in tropics especially sensitive weighing balance was used to in Nigeria(3). weigh the left-over feeds and a weighing Haematological studies are important scale was also used to weigh the animals because the blood is the major transport weekly to determine the weight gain of system of the body, and an evaluation of the rabbits during the period of the haematological profile usually experiment. furnishes vital information on the health status of the animal and the body's Harvesting of water hyacinth and response to injury of all forms, ensiling including toxic injury (14). Samples of water hyacinth were This present study is aimed at harvested from a river in Odogbolu local evaluating the growth rate and health government of Ogun State. Samples status of weaned rabbits fed water collected in batches of 100kg fresh hyacinth ensiled with different weights. Ensiling was carried by 418 Mako et al separating shoot of the fresh plant from were served in immovable feeding and the roots, the shoot were then lacerated water troughs to prevent feed wastage. and chopped into 3-5cm pieces and then The feeder and water troughs were wilted under the shade for 48 hrs on washed daily before serving. The rabbits polythene sheets. The chopped wilted were housed; one animal per cell and water hyacinth was weighed and mixed each treatment was replicated 5 times in turn with each agro-industrial by- (i.e. 5 animals per treatment). Animals products namely, sucrose, cracked were supplied fresh, clean and cooled maize, brewers dry grain, palm kernel water daily before feeding. 3% of body cake and wheat offal. The mixing of the weight of feed was served daily at silage was done at ratio 20:80 additives 8.00hrs and the refusal weighed and and water hyacinth respectively. recorded the following morning to Fermentation lasted for 42days as determine daily feed intake. The initial reported by (5). body weights of the animals were taken at the beginning of the feeding trial and Table 2: Ingredient composition subsequently on weekly basis to (Kg/100 Kg DM) of concentrate fed determine the weekly weight gain of the Weaner rabbits animals. Ingredients Pe rcentage The collection of blood samples were composition divided into two (2). Ten (10) mls of blood was drawn from each rabbit (%) before, during and at the end of the Maize 20.0 Wheat offal 25 .0 experimental period into bijou bottles. The first 5 mls of blood was collected Corn offal 18.0 into bijou bottles containing 2 mg/ml of Soya bean meal 8.00 EDTA These samples were used to Palm kernel cake 10.0 analyse for, haemoglobin concentration Brewer’s dry grain 16.0 (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white Oyster shell 1. 75 blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell Salt 1.00 count (RBC). The second 5 mls of blood Premix (Ruminant) 0.25 was collected into anti-coagulant free Calculated CP 18.0 bottles for the determination of albumin, Calculated ME (Kcal/k) 2400 globulin, creatinine and total protein. Experimental animals Statistical analysis Twenty five (25) weaned New- Zealand Parameters were analyzed in a white breed of rabbits were allotted to completely randomized design. Data five experimental diets for feeding trial generated were subjected to the analysis period that covered 42 days (6 weeks) in of variance procedure (ANOVA) of a completely randomized design at the (24). Significant means were separated rabbitary unit of the Teaching and using the Duncan Multiple range F- test Research farm of Tai Solarin University of the same package. of Education. Experimental diets which 419 Mako et al Results and Discussion adequate protein and fibre content in the Growth performance of weaned rabbits diet, (6) and (10) reported that rabbits fed ensiled water hyacinth is shown in require crude fibre in excess of 9 % and Table 3, same trend was observed for the 15-16% CP for normal growth. This average daily dry matter intake, weight might be responsible for the low gain and feed conversion ratio varying performance of rabbits fed WH ensiled significantly (p<0.05) among treatment with cracked maize, sucrose and wheat means. It ranged 65.59 – 67.26; 21.13 – offal when compared with WH ensiled 23.62 g/d and 2.85 – 3.11 respectively in with brewers dry grain. The low weight water hyacinth ensiled with sucrose and gain and daily intake also recorded for brewers dry grain, these values are animals on WHPKC, could be linked to higher than values reported elsewhere increased dietary fibre and fat content. (20). The high dry matter intake, weight (19) reported that rabbits will consume gain and feed conversion ratio recorded less feed when fat content of the diet is for WHBDG could be attributed to the high. Table 1: Chemical composition of ensiled water hyacinth E n s il e d w a t er hyacinth Parameters WHS WHCM WHWO WHBDG WHPKC SEM e b c a d Dry matter 11.34 21.
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