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(October 1979). American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

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(October 1979). American Folklife Center, Library of Congress , SE1 OFFICE l ' RECEIVED October 1979 Volume JI, Number 4 AMERICAN FOLKLIFE ON CYLINDER RECORDINGS: A FEDERAL CULTURAL CHALLENGE WhenJesse Walter Fewkes took Edi­ son's new cylinder recording machine in 1890 to document songs and stories of the Passamaquoddy Indians in Maine, he inaugurated for the United States and the world the use of the phonograph to preserve folk cultural expression. From that date until the early I 930s, though disc-recording machines were in use by commercial record companies, the only portable re­ cording apparatus for field documen­ tation offolk music and folklore was the Mountain Chiefofthe Blackfoot Tribe listens lo a cylinder recording and lTans/.aus the song into cylinder .recording machine. During sign languagefor Frances Densmore. TM picture was tokn in 1916 in Washington, D.C., by that era a wide variety of scholars and Harris and Ewing. (Smithsonian Jnstitut.iun) other collectors made cylinder record­ ings in the field, for research purposes tural affair.--principally the Library of led to the development of the Federal as well as to preserve those forms of Congress, but also the Smithsonian Cylinder Project. Cooperating in this expression for posterity. Institution, the National Archives, and two-year program are the American Many of those early recordings have perhaps other agencies. These cyl­ Folk.life Center, the Bureau of Indian long since perished through breakage, inders preserve many different tradi­ Affairs, and the Smithsonian Institu­ disintegration, mold, melting of the tions, but the great majority ofthemare tion, with advisory and planning assis­ wax, or other reasons. Still others are historic documents of Native American tance from the National Endowment yet extant in private hands and in vari­ culture. for the Arts andother Federal agencies. ous museums, libraries, or other insti­ The need to locate, organize, and The project's goal is to duplicate all the tutions. But the largest body ofcylinder preserve the large body of cylinder cylinder recordings of folk cultural recordings lies in the hands of various recordings and related documentary expression now in the handsofthe Fed- Federal agencies concerned with cul- materials found in these collections has Continued page 6 esteem. Emblematic of the times, judg­ relationship which both strengthens FOLKLIFE CENTER NEWS ing from documentation in Center field' the'legitimacy and enhances the effec­ projects, are the "home museums" tiveness of community custodians. I a quarterly publication ofthe every community seems to have should like to suggest three key func­ AmnicanFollclift Center spawned, where the collecting and pre­ tions for professional folklorists which serving impulse ofthe home-owner has are in harmony with both their aca­ at the come to dominate the interior decor of demic training and their responsibility Library ofCOflgress the house. to the communities they study. The This broadly based movement raises first function is lrnow-how, particularly AlanJabbour, Director interesting questions about what I shall with regard to the use of the cultural call the "custodians of culture." Field­ forums of the modern world. A good Ray Dockstader, Deputy Director workers in folklore and folk.life have folklorist can create a dignified, Elena Brad unas often thought ofthemselves as, in some thoughtful, and accurate book, or pro­ Carl Fleischhauer sense, the official custodians of tradi­ duce an attractive exhibit, or edit a Howard W. Marshall Folklile Specialists tions that have been preserved only documentary LP record, or create a unconsciouly and by chance, ifat all, at Continued page 7 Peter T. Barris, Folllite Researcher the grassroots. But local communities Eleanor Sreb, Executive Assistant have probably always had their own Brett Topping, Administrative Secretary custodians, whether fonnally desig­ BOARD OF TRUSTEES Doris Craig, Clerk-Receptioniat nated by the community or self­ Raye Virginia Allen, Wouhington. D.C., Tel: 202 287-6590 appointed through personal devotion. and Texas, Chairman If, as many people assert, the positions Edward Bridge Danson. Arizona, Vice­ of these community custodians were Chairman Archive ofFalk Song eroded by the juggernaut of progress JanetAndenon, Oregon Joseph C. Hickerson, Head throughout much of the 20th century, Mary Berry, Assistant Secretary for Educa­ Gerald E. Parsons, Jr., Reference Librarian they are certainly beginning to flourish tion, DepartmentofHealth, Education Patricia M. Markland, Indexer-Secretary again today. It is impossible to do field­ and Welfare E. Tel: 202 2~7-5510 work in American communities with­ David Draper, California out meeting or being referred to local Ronald C. Foreman.J r., Florida Washington, D.C. 20540 Forrest J. Gerard, Assistant Secretary for people who have already isolated cer­ Indian Affairs, Department of the tain aspects of traditional culture as Interior worthy of preservation, documenta­ Wayland D. Hand, California DIRECTOR'S COLUMN tion, serious research, and formal re­ Alex P. Mercure, Assistant Secretary for vival within their community. Rural Development, Department of Based upon the Folk.life Center's What, then, is the role ofthe "profes­ Agriculture field projects and office contacts, it is sional"-whether a folklorist, historian, C.John Sobotka, J r., Mississippi fair to say that the preservation move­ anthropologist, museum curator, li­ St.John Terrell, New jersey ment is a profound impulse at Ameri­ brarian, or other cultural specialist-in William Whalen, Director, National Park ca's grassroots today. l hasten to add the burgeoning preservation move­ Service that I am not speaking exclusively of ment? Have the professionals, after those Americans who fonnally identify generations of communicating their Ex Officio Members themselves as ''preservationists." Amer­ views and concerns to the general ican Indians--so often a barometer of public, helped kindle grassroots aware­ Daniel J. Boorstin, The Librarian of national cultural stirrings-are ener­ ness and activity that supersedes their Congress getically seeking to preserve and revive own work? S. Dillon Ripley. Secretary of the Smith­ sonian Institution tribal history and traditions. Language To the contrary, at least for profes­ Livingston 1.. Biddle, Jr., Chairman, Na­ sional folklorists, the demand has never maintenance has become a serious con­ tional Endowment for the Aru cern among the millions of Americans been greater. But the day is past when Joseph D. Duffey, Chairman, National En­ who hold ethnic title to languages other folklorists can afford to imagine that dowment for the Humanities than English. Older forms and styles of they are the sole official custodians of Alan Jabbour, Director, American Folklife music, craft, story, building, and cus­ the nation's folk cultural expression. Center tom are waxing everywhere in local Rather, professionals must establish a 2 FOLK.LIFE CENTER NEWS NEW REFERENCE AND Folklore Graduate Programs in North folklore societies and serial publications FINDING AIDS AVAILABLE America. 1 p. Joseph C. Hickerson. in North America. FROM ARCHIVE OF Requests for individual lists and for North American Record Cqmpmties the complete inventory ofthe Archive's FOLKSONG Specializing in Folk Music and Folk­ 170 published aids, all of which are The Archive of Folk Song has re­ lore. 8 pp.Joseph C. Hickerson with offered free of charge, may be ad· cently expanded its inventory of refer­ Ritchiej. Porter. dressed toJoseph C. Hickerson, Head, ence and finding aids available to the Archive of Folk Song, Library of Con­ public. Listed below are the aids, giving Long-Playing Recordings of Sacred gress, Washington, D.C. 20540. pagination and compiler, that have Harp Singing. 2 pp. Marsha Maguire. been revised or compiled over the past WORKSHOPS ON THEME OF twelve months, primarily through the efforts ofseveral interns. Folkloreand the W.P.A.: A Preliminary ETHNIC COMMUNITY LIFE Bibliography. 7 pp.Joseph C. Hick­ PRESENTED IN SEAITLE New Reference Aids erson with Herbert Halpert. Au.toharp: A Select Listing of Instruc­ A grassroots movement has been tion Books and Articles. 4 pp. New Finding Aids developing over the past year among Marsha Maguire. Mexican-American Folksong and Music Seattle's numerous ethnic communi­ on Field Recordings in the Archive ties: as a result of monthly meetings Five String Banjo: A Listing of Con­ of Folk Song. 2 pp. Katherine W. held at ethnic community centers temporary Instruction Books. 7 pp. Johnston. throughout the city, community Richard Brislin. groups have been learning more about Michigan Material in the Archive of each othei; and discovering that they Dobro Instruction Books: A Bibliog­ Folk Song. 2 pp.Janet C. Moore. have similar concerns and aspirations. raphy. Ip. Katherine W.Johnston. Initiated by ethnic community repre­ Revised Finding Aids sentatives, the meetings have been sup­ Hammered Dulcimer and Related In­ Archive ofFo/Jc Song: A Bibliography. 6 pp. ported by Rosanne Royer, wife of struments: A Bibliography. 7 pp. J~seph C. Hickerson. Mayor Charles Royer. The interest and Evan Stein. awareness has caused individuals rep­ Archive of Folk Song Descrifllion. 4 pp. resenting over forty ethnic communi· A Bibliography of the Plucked (Appa­ Joseph C. Hickerson. ties and cultural organizations to form lachian or Mountain) Du.kimer and the Ethnic Heritage Council of the Related Instruments. 10 pp. Beth­ Commncially Issu.ed Recordings ofMatnial Pacific Northwest, dedicated to pre­ any Aronow. in the Archive of
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