DOCSLIB.ORG

John P. Harrington Papers 1907-1959

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John P. Harrington Papers 1907-1959 THE PAPERS OF John Peabody Harringtan IN THE Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957 VOLUME FOUR A GUIDE TO THE FIELD NOTES: NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY, LANGUAGE, AND CULTURE OF THE SOUTHWEST EDITED BY Elaine L. Mills and AnnJ Brickfield KRAUS INTER ATIONAL PUBLICATIONS A Division of Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited THE PAPERS OF John Peabody Harringtan IN THE Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957 VOLUME FOUR A GUIDE TO THE FIELD NOTES: Native American History, Language, and Culture of the Southwest Prepared in the National AnthropologicalArchives Department ofAnthropology National Museum ofNatural History Washington, D.C. THE PAPERS OF John Peabody Harringtan IN THE Smithsonian Institution 1907-1957 VOLUME FOUR A GUIDE TO THE FIELD NOTES: Native American History, Language, and Culture of the Southwest EDITED BY Elaine L. Mills and AnnJ. Brickfield KRAUS INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS A Division of Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited White Plains, N.Y. © Copyright The Smithsonian Institution 1986 All rights reserved. No part ofthis work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in anyform or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or taping, information storage and retrieval systems-without written permission ofthe publisher. First Printing Printed in the United Str.:tes of America The paper in this publication meets the minimum Contents requirements of American National Standard for Information Science- Permanence of Papers for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. INTRODUCTION N / Vll Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Scope and Content ofthis Publication IV / vn (Revised for vol. 4) History ofthe Papers and the Microfilm Edition IV / vnl Harrington, John Peabody. The papers ofJohn Peabody Harrington in the Editorial Procedures IV / X Smithsonian Institution, 1907-1957. A guide to the Acknowledgements IV / xn field notes. Vol. 4 also edited by Ann J. Brickfield. Vol. 4 prepared in the National Anthropological Archives, Dept. of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Bibliography: v. 1, p. NOTES TO RESEARCHERS N / xv Contents: v. 1. A guide to the field notes: Native Using the Guide IV / xv American history, language, and culture of Alaska/ Northwest Coast- -v. 4. A guide to the field Using the Microfilm IV / XVl notes: Native American history, language, and culture of Note on Terminology IV / xvn Southwest. 1. Indians- Manuscripts- Microform catalogs. 2. Indians-Languages-Manuscripts- Microform catalogs. 3. Harrington, John Peabody-Manuscripts­ Microform catalogs. 4. National Anthropological Archives- Microform catalogs. I. Mills, Elaine L. MAPS N / X1X II. Title. Z1209.H33 1981 [E58] 970.004'97 81-7290 Tribal Territories in Southwest IV / xx ISBN 0-527-84243-5 (v. 1) Sites ofFieldwork in Southwest IV / XXl ISBN 0-527-84262-1 (v. 2) ISBN 0-527-84287-7 (v. 3) ISBN 0-527-84329-6 (v. 4) IV /vi Contents PHOTOGRAPHS IV / xxzzz Scene in Navaho Territory IV / xxiv Adolph Dodge Bitanny IV / xxiv Harrington and Navaho Tribal Members IV / xxiv Harrington at Excavation ofElden Pueblo Site IV / xxv Ruins at Elden Pueblo IV / xxvi Harrington, J. O. Prescott, and Hopi Singers IV / xxv'! Governor ofTaos IV / xxvii Blue Lake IV / xxvii Black Mesa IV / xxviii Tewa Ceremony IV / xxviii Scene in Tewa Territory IV / xxviii SERIES DESCRIPTIONS Introduction and REEL CONTENTS IV / 1 Apache and Kiowa Apache IV / 1 Navaho IV / 6 Hopi IV / 26 SCOPE AND CONTENT Zuni IV / 32 OF THIS PUBLICATION Acoma / Laguna / Santo Domingo IV / 38 "A Guide to the Field Notes: Native American History, Language, and Cochiti IV / 43 Culture ofthe Southwest," is the fourth volume ofa ten-volume official Jemez IV / 44 inventory for the microfilm edition of The Papers ofJohn P. Harrington Isleta / Isleta del Sur / Piro IV / 47 in the Smithsonian Institution, 1907-1957. This inventory supersedes Picuris IV / 52 any other published or unpublished finding aids describing the collec­ Taos IV / 54 tion. Volume One covers the region Alaska/Northwest Coast, Volume Tewa IV / 62 Two covers Northern and Central California, and Volume Three covers Southern California/Basin. Subsequent volumes of this inven­ General and Miscellaneous Materials IV / 72 tory will be issued as each section of the microfilm edition becomes available, and will cover Harrington's field notes on the Plains, North­ APPENDIX IV / 77 east/Southeast, and Mexico/Central America/South America. There will also be a volume on Harrington's notes and writings on special Abbreviations and Special Uses ofTerms IV / 77 linguistic studies and one on his correspondence and financial records. At the completion of the project all the volumes will be issued in a cumulated hardbound edition. The materials described herein represent the results ofJohn P. Harrington's study ofthe native languages and cultures ofthe South­ IV /vii IV / viii John Peabody Harrington Southwest IV fix west, the area in which he first undertook fieldwork. The field notes portion of these California-based papers was actually.loan.ed on a l?ng­ were recorded just prior to and during his employment as ethnologist term basis to the Department ofLinguistics at the V nlverslty ofCalIfor­ (1915-1954) by the Bureau of American Ethnology. The documents nia, Berkeley, under the charge of Professor Mary R. Haas. After e~­ focus primarily on linguistic data, although they also include significant tensive use there by several generations of graduate students In amounts of ethnographic and historical information. linguistics, cultural anthropology, and archeology, they were shipped to Only original documents created by Harrington, his co­ the Smithsonian during the period from 1976 to 1979. workers, and field assistants or field notes given to him by others are Work on organizing the Harrington Papers began almost as contained in this publication. Related materials collected by Harring­ soon as the first boxes of documents arrived at the archives. Early in ton such as printed matter, journals, and books are not included. Photo­ 1962, Catherine A. Callaghan, then a graduate student at V.C., Berke­ stats, microfilm, and typed and handwritten copies ofpublications and ley, was hired on a temporary appointment to tackle the monumental manuscripts which lack his annotations have likewise been omitted. task of preparing a box list for several tons of notes. She spent several Some additional field notes from Harrington's work in the months identifying as many bundles as possible by tribe or language, at Southwest may be housed among his papers at the Santa Barbara Mu­ least down to the family level. seum ofNatural History. The anthropologists on the staffplan to inven­ Refinement of this initial sorting was continued by the then tory and microfilm those documents, funding permitting. Other current archivist Margaret C. Blaker and later, in the early 1970s, by a smaller blocks of Harrington's papers can be found outside the Smith­ member ofher staff,jane M. Walsh. Throughout this period the papers sonian Institution - notably at the Southwest Museum and the Ban­ were available to researchers, some ofwhom were able to make sugges­ croft Library, V niversity of California, Berkeley- and additional tions for improving the identification ofsmall portions ofthe collection. items may subsequently come to light. This publication presently repre­ A new energy was infused into the work on the papers after sents the majority of Harrington's output in the area. the arrival in 1972 ofNational Anthropological Archives Director Her­ manj. Viola. He not only encouraged the application ofmodern a:chi­ HISTORY OF THE PAPERS val methods to avoid the piecemeal efforts of the past, but also actIvely AND THE MICROFILM EDITION sought ways to improve the accessibility of the material to a steadily growing number of researchers. Encouraged by the interest ofa ~um­ The original documents comprising The Papers ofJohn Peabody H arring­ ber ofmicrofilm companies in publishing the papers on HIm, he decIded ton are housed in the Smithsonian Institution's National Anthropologi­ in 1975 to submit a proposal for funding such a project to the National cal Archives (N.A.A.) where they were brought together after Harring­ Historical Publications and Records Commission (N.H.P.R.C.). ton's death in 1961. Some of the papers were already located on the A major consultant in developing the documentation for this Smithsonian premises in the archives of the Bureau of American Eth­ proposal was Geoffrey L. Gamble, then a ~mit~sonian Fellow d?ing nology (B.A.E.), having been deposited by him as individual manu­ work on Harrington's Yokuts field data. Dunng hIs year at the archIves, scripts while in the bureau's employ. Others were located at various warehouses in the Washington, D.C., area and elsewhere. he began integrating the Berkeley-based material with the material. in Washington and compiled the first systematic inventory of th~ entIre The great bulk ofthe papers was sorted in a numberofstorage collection. Through correspondence and attendance at meetIngs he locations in California by his daughter Awona Harrington and sent to helped to marshall support for the archives' project among members of Washington, D.C., over a period of several years. Although the lin­ the anthropological profession. guist-ethnologist had expressed the wish that his field notes be given to In December 1976 the Smithsonian Institution received a some institution in California, Miss Harrington recognized that the grant from the N.H.P.R.C. for the first year ofan envisi?ned five-~ear approximately one million pages were actually government property as venture, and work on the "Harrington Microfilm ProJect" officIally they had been created while her father was a federal employee. A sizable began. Herman j. Viola was the project director. Elaine L. Mills, an IV Ix John Peabody Harrington Southwest IV /xi archives staff member who had already done considerable work on The fact that Harrington, for many reasons, was a poor docu­ Harrington's photographs, was chosen as editor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Music of the Indians of British Columbia by FRANCES DENSMORE
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 136 Anthropological Papers, No. 27 Music of the Indians of British Columbia By FRANCES DENSMORE FOREWORD Many tribes and locations are represented in the present work, differing from the writer's former books,^ which have generally con- sidered the music of only one tribe. This material from widely sep- arated regions was available at Chilliwack, British Columbia, during the season of hop-picking, the Indians being employed in the fields. The work was made possible by the courtesy of Canadian officials. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dr. Duncan Campbell Scott, Deputy Superintendent General, Department of Indian Affairs at Ot- tawa, who provided a letter of credential, and to Mr. C. C. Perry, In- dian agent at Vancouver, and Indian Commissioner A. O. N. Daunt, Indian agent at New Westminster, who extended assistance and co- operation. Acknowledgment is also made of the courtesy of Walter Withers, corporal (later sergeant). Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who acted as escort between Chilliwack and the hop camp, and as- sisted the work in many ways. Courtesies were also extended by municipal officers in Chilliwack and by the executive office of the Columbia Hop Co., in whose camp the work was conducted. This is the writer's first musical work in Canada and the results are important as a basis of comparison between the songs of Canad- ian Indians and those of Indians residing in the United States. On this trip the writer had the helpful companionship of her sis- ter, Margaret Densmore. iSee bibliography (Densmore, 1910, 1913, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1929 a, 1929 b, 1932, 1932 a, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1942).
    [Show full text]
  • General Vertical Files Anderson Reading Room Center for Southwest Research Zimmerman Library
    “A” – biographical Abiquiu, NM GUIDE TO THE GENERAL VERTICAL FILES ANDERSON READING ROOM CENTER FOR SOUTHWEST RESEARCH ZIMMERMAN LIBRARY (See UNM Archives Vertical Files http://rmoa.unm.edu/docviewer.php?docId=nmuunmverticalfiles.xml) FOLDER HEADINGS “A” – biographical Alpha folders contain clippings about various misc. individuals, artists, writers, etc, whose names begin with “A.” Alpha folders exist for most letters of the alphabet. Abbey, Edward – author Abeita, Jim – artist – Navajo Abell, Bertha M. – first Anglo born near Albuquerque Abeyta / Abeita – biographical information of people with this surname Abeyta, Tony – painter - Navajo Abiquiu, NM – General – Catholic – Christ in the Desert Monastery – Dam and Reservoir Abo Pass - history. See also Salinas National Monument Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Afghanistan War – NM – See also Iraq War Abousleman – biographical information of people with this surname Abrams, Jonathan – art collector Abreu, Margaret Silva – author: Hispanic, folklore, foods Abruzzo, Ben – balloonist. See also Ballooning, Albuquerque Balloon Fiesta Acequias – ditches (canoas, ground wáter, surface wáter, puming, water rights (See also Land Grants; Rio Grande Valley; Water; and Santa Fe - Acequia Madre) Acequias – Albuquerque, map 2005-2006 – ditch system in city Acequias – Colorado (San Luis) Ackerman, Mae N. – Masonic leader Acoma Pueblo - Sky City. See also Indian gaming. See also Pueblos – General; and Onate, Juan de Acuff, Mark – newspaper editor – NM Independent and
    [Show full text]
  • A Cultural View of Music Therapy: Music and Beliefs of Teton Sioux Shamans, with Reference to the Work of Frances Densmore
    Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Graduate Thesis Collection Graduate Scholarship 5-1999 A Cultural View of Music Therapy: Music and Beliefs of Teton Sioux Shamans, with Reference to the Work of Frances Densmore Stephanie B. Thorne Butler University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the Music Commons Recommended Citation Thorne, Stephanie B., "A Cultural View of Music Therapy: Music and Beliefs of Teton Sioux Shamans, with Reference to the Work of Frances Densmore" (1999). Graduate Thesis Collection. 253. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/253 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -- CERTIFICATE FORM Name of Candidate: Stephanie B. Thome Oral Examination Date: ___W=e",dn",e",s",d""aYz."",J",un",-e"--"2"-3,~1,,,,9 ,,,,9,,,9,---________ COmmUtteeChaUpe~on: __~D~r~.~P~enn~y~D~Urun~~i~c~k ______________________ Committee Members: Dr. Sue Kenyon, Dr. Tim Brimmer, Dr. Wayne Wentzel, Mr. Henry Leck Thesis Title: A Cultural View of Music Therapy: Music and Beliefs of Teton Shamans, with Reference to the Work of Frances Densmore Thesis approved in final fonn: """"" Date: ____________:::::~ _________ Major professor: __----'D"'r"' . ..!.P-"e"'nn"'y.L...!.D"'im!!.!!.m""'ic"'k~ ___________________________ II • A CULTURAL VIEW OF MUSIC THERAPY: MUSIC AND BELIEFS OF TETON SIOUX SHAMANS, WITH REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF FRANCES DENSMORE by Stephanie B.
    [Show full text]
  • Clyde Kluckhohn
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES C LYDE KAY MA B E N K LUCKHOHN 1905—1960 A Biographical Memoir by MELVILLE J. H ERSKOVITS Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1964 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. CLYDE KAY MABEN KLUCKHOHN January n, igo^—July 28, ig6o BY MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS HEN CLYDE KLUCKHOHN was seventeen years old ill health W caused him to spend two years in New Mexico and Arizona, on what he later described as "the fringes of the Indian Country." This experience was to be decisive in shaping his subsequent career as an anthropologist. It brought into focus what, in his own words, was "the fact that I grew up in an English settlement in Iowa and early perceived, however dimly, a cross-cultural situation." It was this perception, steadily sharpened by continuous field research, omnivorous reading, and constant probing for theoretical implica- tion, that brought him to the point of achievement and reputa- tion he had attained when a coronary thrombosis abruptly ended his life in the very Indian country where he had worked, and which he so greatly loved. During all his scientific career he consistently followed both mi- croethnographic and macroethnographic lines of anthropological in- terest. There are, in various parts of die world, those who are dis- tinguished because of the skill with which they have probed ever more deeply into particular cultures, but it is difficult to name one who is as deeply concerned with theoretical significance as with ethnographic fact.
    [Show full text]
  • Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas
    Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas edited by Andrea L. Berez, Jean Mulder, and Daisy Rosenblum Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 2 Published as a sPecial Publication of language documentation & conservation language documentation & conservation Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822 USA http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc university of hawai‘i Press 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822-1888 USA © All texts and images are copyright to the respective authors. 2010 All chapters are licensed under Creative Commons Licenses Cover design by Cameron Chrichton Cover photograph of salmon drying racks near Lime Village, Alaska, by Andrea L. Berez Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data ISBN 978-0-8248-3530-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4463 Contents Foreword iii Marianne Mithun Contributors v Acknowledgments viii 1. Introduction: The Boasian tradition and contemporary practice 1 in linguistic fieldwork in the Americas Daisy Rosenblum and Andrea L. Berez 2. Sociopragmatic influences on the development and use of the 9 discourse marker vet in Ixil Maya Jule Gómez de García, Melissa Axelrod, and María Luz García 3. Classifying clitics in Sm’algyax: 33 Approaching theory from the field Jean Mulder and Holly Sellers 4. Noun class and number in Kiowa-Tanoan: Comparative-historical 57 research and respecting speakers’ rights in fieldwork Logan Sutton 5. The story of *o in the Cariban family 91 Spike Gildea, B.J. Hoff, and Sérgio Meira 6. Multiple functions, multiple techniques: 125 The role of methodology in a study of Zapotec determiners Donna Fenton 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating a Roadmap for the Future of Music at the Smithsonian
    Creating a Roadmap for the Future of Music at the Smithsonian A summary of the main discussion points generated at a two-day conference organized by the Smithsonian Music group, a pan- Institutional committee, with the support of Grand Challenges Consortia Level One funding June 2012 Produced by the Office of Policy and Analysis (OP&A) Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Background ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Conference Participants ..................................................................................................................... 5 Report Structure and Other Conference Records ............................................................................ 7 Key Takeaway ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Smithsonian Music: Locus of Leadership and an Integrated Approach .............................. 8 Conference Proceedings ...................................................................................................................... 10 Remarks from SI Leadership ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Fernald Caroline Dissert
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE VISUALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST: ETHNOGRAPHY, TOURISM, AND AMERICAN INDIAN SOUVENIR ARTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By CAROLINE JEAN FERNALD Norman, Oklahoma 2017 THE VISUALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST: ETHNOGRAPHY, TOURISM, AND AMERICAN INDIAN SOUVENIR ARTS A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS BY ______________________________ Dr. W. Jackson Rushing, III, Chair ______________________________ Mr. B. Byron Price ______________________________ Dr. Alison Fields ______________________________ Dr. Kenneth Haltman ______________________________ Dr. David Wrobel © Copyright by CAROLINE JEAN FERNALD 2017 All Rights Reserved. For James Hagerty Acknowledgements I wish to extend my most sincere appreciation to my dissertation committee. Your influence on my work is, perhaps, apparent, but I am truly grateful for the guidance you have provided over the years. Your patience and support while I balanced the weight of a museum career and the completion of my dissertation meant the world! I would certainly be remiss to not thank the staff, trustees, and volunteers at the Millicent Rogers Museum for bearing with me while I finalized my degree. Your kind words, enthusiasm, and encouragement were greatly appreciated. I know I looked dreadfully tired in the weeks prior to the completion of my dissertation and I thank you for not mentioning it. The Couse Foundation, the University of Oklahoma’s Charles M. Russell Center, and the School of Visual Arts, likewise, deserve a heartfelt thank you for introducing me to the wonderful world of Taos and supporting my research. A very special thank you is needed for Ginnie and Ernie Leavitt, Carl Jones, and Byron Price.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catholic History of the Heartland: the Rise and Fall of Mid-America: a Historical Review
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons History: Faculty Publications and Other Works Faculty Publications 1-2016 A Catholic History of the Heartland: The Rise and Fall of Mid- America: A Historical Review Theodore Karamanski Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/history_facpubs Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Karamanski, Theodore. A Catholic History of the Heartland: The Rise and Fall of Mid-America: A Historical Review. Studies in Midwestern History, 2, 1: 1-12, 2016. Retrieved from Loyola eCommons, History: Faculty Publications and Other Works, This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © Midwestern History Association, 2016. S T U D I E S I N M I D W E S T E R N H I S T O R Y VOL. 2, NO. 1 January, 2016 A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF THE HEARTLAND: THE RISE AND FALL OF MID-AMERICA: A HISTORICAL REVIEW Theodore J. Karamanski1 In many ways it was an inauspicious moment to organize a new historical enterprise. In 1918 the United States was deeply engaged in a conflict so monstrously all-consuming it was simply referred to as “the Great War.” The population of the nation, even in the heavily ethnic and for- eign-born Midwest, was mobilized for war.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction
    1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Ethnographic setting The Chimariko language was spoken in the nineteenth century in a few small villages in Trinity County, in north-western California. The villages were located along a twenty-mile stretch of the Trinity River and parts of the New River and South Fork River. In 1849, the Chimariko numbered around two hundred and fifty people. They were nearly extinct in 1906, except for a ‘toothless old woman and a crazy old man’, as well as ‘a few mixed bloods’ (Kroeber 1925:109). The ‘toothless old woman’ Kroeber refers to was most likely Polly Dyer and the ‘crazy old man’ Dr. Tom, also identified by Dixon (1910:295) as a ‘half-crazy old man’. The last speaker probably died in the 1940s. First contact with European explorers occurred early in the nineteenth century, in the 1820s or 1830s, when fur trappers came to the region. However, the tribe was left largely unaffected by this encounter (Dixon 1910:297). During the Gold Rush in the 1850s the Chimariko territory was overrun by gold seekers. Continuous gold mining activities in the region threatened the salmon supply, the main food source of the tribe, and led to a bitter conflict in the 1860s (Silver 1978a:205). The fights between European miners and the tribe resulted in the near annihilation of the Chimariko in the 1860s. The few survivors took refuge with the neighboring Shasta on the upper Salmon River or in Scott Valley or with the Hupa to the northwest (Dixon 1910:297). Once the gold was gone and the miners left the region, the survivors returned to their homes after years in exile (Silver 1978a:205).
    [Show full text]
  • The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River
    The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River Mark Q. Sutton and David D. Earle Abstract century, although he noted the possible survival of The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River, little documented by “perhaps a few individuals merged among other twentieth century ethnographers, are investigated here to help un- groups” (Kroeber 1925:614). In fact, while occupation derstand their relationship with the larger and better known Moun- tain Serrano sociopolitical entity and to illuminate their unique of the Mojave River region by territorially based clan adaptation to the Mojave River and surrounding areas. In this effort communities of the Desert Serrano had ceased before new interpretations of recent and older data sets are employed. 1850, there were survivors of this group who had Kroeber proposed linguistic and cultural relationships between the been born in the desert still living at the close of the inhabitants of the Mojave River, whom he called the Vanyumé, and the Mountain Serrano living along the southern edge of the Mojave nineteenth century, as was later reported by Kroeber Desert, but the nature of those relationships was unclear. New (1959:299; also see Earle 2005:24–26). evidence on the political geography and social organization of this riverine group clarifies that they and the Mountain Serrano belonged to the same ethnic group, although the adaptation of the Desert For these reasons we attempt an “ethnography” of the Serrano was focused on riverine and desert resources. Unlike the Desert Serrano living along the Mojave River so that Mountain Serrano, the Desert Serrano participated in the exchange their place in the cultural milieu of southern Califor- system between California and the Southwest that passed through the territory of the Mojave on the Colorado River and cooperated nia can be better understood and appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
    Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America.
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona Tewa Kwa Speech As a Mantfestation of Linguistic Ideologyi
    Pragmatics2:3.297 -309 InternationalPragmatics Association ARIZONA TEWA KWA SPEECH AS A MANTFESTATIONOF LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGYI Paul V. Kroskriw 1.Introduction "Whathave you learned about the ceremonies?" Back in the Summer of.7973,when I firstbegan research on Arizona Tewa, I was often asked such questionsby a variety of villagers.I found this strange,even disconcerting,since the questionspersisted after I explainedmy researchinterest as residing in the language "itself', or in "just the language,not the culture".My academicadvisors and a scholarlytradition encouraged meto attributethis responseto a combination of secrecyand suspicionregarding such culturallysensitive topics as ceremonial language.Yet despite my careful attempts to disclaimany researchinterest in kiva speech (te'e hi:li) and to carefully distinguish betweenit and the more mundane speech of everyday Arizona Tewa life, I still experiencedthese periodic questionings.Did thesequestions betray a native confusion of thelanguage of the kiva with that of the home and plaza? Was there a connection betweenthese forms of discoursethat was apparent to most Tewa villagersyet hidden fromme? In the past few years, after almost two decadesof undertaking various studiesof fuizonaTewa grammar, sociolinguistic variation, languagecontact, traditional nanatives,code-switching, and chanted announcements,an underlying pattern of languageuse has gradually emerged which, via the documentary method of interpretationhas allowed me to attribute a new meaning to these early intenogations.2The disparatelinguistic and discoursepractices, I contend, display a commonpattern of influencefrom te'e hi:li "kiva speech".The more explicit rules for languageuse in ritual performance provide local models for the generation and anluationof more mundanespeech forms and verbal practices. I Acknowledgements.I would like to thank Kathryn Woolard for her commentson an earlier rcnionof thisarticle which was presentedas part of the 1991American Anthropological Association rymposium,"language ldeologies: Practice and Theory'.
    [Show full text]