Sludge Treatment and Disposal Biological Wastewater Treatment Series The Biological Wastewater Treatment series is based on the book Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions and on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Titles in the Biological Wastewater Treatment series are: Volume 1: Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment Volume 3: Waste Stabilisation Ponds Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal Biological Wastewater Treatment Series VOLUME SIX Sludge Treatment and Disposal Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli, Marcos von Sperling and Fernando Fernandes (Editors) Published by IWA Publishing, Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QS, UK Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7654 5500; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7654 5555; Email:
[email protected] Website: www.iwapublishing.com First published 2007 C 2007 IWA Publishing Copy-edited and typeset by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India Printed by Lightning Source Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1998), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of photographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the appropriate reproduction rights organization outside the UK.