M i s s o u r i B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n bulletinWinter 2015–2016 Vol. 104, No. 1 www.mobot.org

1 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Did you know? Your membership provides critical support for our international and local plant science and conservation work, and Garden memberships contribute 20% of our annual operating funds. Plus, as a Garden member: President’s • You receive free admission for two adults and all children (12 and

photo by Koraley Northen Comment younger) at Shaw Nature Reserve and the Butterfly House. • Special Member Days offer you exclusive activities and discounts While winter may seem like the time of in the shops. year when nature takes a break, there are • The Children’s Garden is free to you all day Tuesday (April–October). many exciting things happening all around • You are eligible for free or reduced-price admission to over 300 us. Whether you join us for our third annual botanical gardens and arboreta across the U.S. and Canada. Garden Glow at the Missouri Botanical Garden, Visit , email , warm up in the Tropical Conservatory with our www.mobot.org/membership [email protected] or call (314) 577-5118 to learn more. jewel-toned butterflies during Winter Jewels at the Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House, or take a full moon night hike at Shaw Nature Reserve, Board of Trustees don’t let the cold keep you from enjoying the Officers William H. T. Bush Maureen R. Jennings wonderful world of plants. Lelia J. Farr Chair Bert Condie III Ellen E. Jones Daniel A. Burkhardt Vice Chair Prof. Sir Peter R. Crane FRS Celeste Kennedy And speaking of the wonders of the plant Peter S. Wyse Jackson, President L. B. Eckelkamp, Jr. Lynn Koeneman world, let’s not forget the key role plants play MA, PhD, FLS M. Peter Fischer* Martha LaFata Peter H. Raven, President Emeritus Marilyn R. Fox Janet B. Lange in maintaining a healthy environment and PhD Robert R. Hermann Stepanie Littlefield supporting human well-being. In addition to Members Edward D. Higgins Mary V. Longrais Mrs. Walter F. Ballinger II Paula M. Keinath Virginia McCook being a leader in addressing some of the world’s Catherine B. Berges Rosalyn H. Kling Parker McMillan most pressing issues (see page 4), the Garden Arnold W. Donald Robert E. Kresko Isabelle C. Morris Sharon D. Fiehler Hal A. Kroeger Janet Mika has also been a trendsetter in the community Robert R. Hermann, Jr. June M. Kummer Anita D. O’Connell showcasing examples of sustainable living David M. Hollo James S. McDonnell III Sue B. Oertli David W. Kemper Cheryl Morley Sue M. Rapp practices for individuals and businesses alike. Charles E. Kopman Evelyn Edison Newman* Susan N. Rowe Roy Pfautch Marsha J. Rusnack We’re proud to continue driving the conversation Christopher Lewis Carolyn W. Losos Mabel L. Purkerson, MD Betty Salih that encourages people to think about their Daniel J. Ludeman Peggy Ritter Mary Lee Salzer-Lutz W. Stephen Maritz Joseph F. Shaughnessy Nancy L. Sauerhoff neighborhoods as biodiverse landscapes that Cynthia S. Peters Nancy R. Siwak Susie Littmann Schulte provide crucial services such as food, shelter, Nicholas L. Reding Robert B. Smith III David Schulz Steven C. Roberts, Sr. Nora R. Stern Carol A. Squires and water (see page 7). Marsha J. Rusnack William K. Tao, DSc Susan Squires Goldschmidt As another year ends, I’d like to thank you for Rakesh Sachdev Jack E. Thomas Patricia Steiner Stephen C. Sachs Jane S. Tschudy Nora R. Stern all your support in making the Garden a world- Scott C. Schnuck John K. Wallace, Jr. Elizabeth Teasdale class research institution and destination. I invite Thad W. Simons O. Sage Wightman III Jane S. Tschudy Rex A. Sinquefield Roma B. Wittcoff Norma Williams you to learn something new about your Garden, Michael K. Stern, PhD Honorary Debbie Wilhelm Douglas R. Wolter and what makes it so special. It may be going Andrew C. Taylor Surinder (Suri) Sehgal, PhD Eugene M. Toombs Members’ Board Botanical Garden Subdistrict of the behind the scenes and exploring our research Josephine Weil Mary Kay Denning, President Metropolitan Zoological Park and center (see page 20), or it may be learning a new Robert M. Williams, Jr. Ann M. Bowen Museum District Ex Officio Eileen M. Carr Yemi Susan Akande-Bartsch gardening skill as you prepare for spring (see Thomas F. George, PhD Sue Cohen Adrian E. Bracy pages 16 and 17). No matter how or when, we Benjamin H. Hulsey Kristen Cornett Knapp John C. McPheeters Fred P. Pestello, PhD Jean Corse Marcia B. Mellitz know you’ll enjoy your next visit during this Jeff Pittman, PhD Jeanne P. Crawford Brian A. Murphy Martin Schweig, Jr. lovely time of year—cold temperatures and all. The Honorable Francis G. Slay Angela Dalton Bishop George Wayne Smith Jeanie C. Davis Pamela Shephard The Honorable Steven V. Stenger Ellen Dubinsky Marjorie M. Weir Rick Sullivan Kathy Durel Francis Yueh Mark S. Wrighton, PhD Audrey Feuerbacher Hillary B. Zimmerman Michael C. Heim Non-voting advisory members: Members Emeriti Janet Hennessey Janice M. Nelson Clarence C. Barksdale Janice A. Hermann James H. Yemm John H. Biggs Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson, Leslie P. Hood Stephen F. Brauer President Laure B. Hullverson *deceased

2 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Hours and Admission For our current hours and admission prices at our three locations, visit www.mobot.org, www.butterflyhouse.org, and www.shawnature.org. Contact Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 577-5100 • www.mobot.org Contents On the Cover Picea orientalis ‘Aureospicata’. Find specimens of oriental spruce in the Chinese Garden. Photo by Darcy Heine. Credits Editor/Designer: Andrea Androuais 9 ©2015 Missouri Botanical Garden All About The Bulletin is a benefit of Garden membership. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published Conifers quarterly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, There’s more to this 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110. Periodicals postage paid at St. Louis, MO. fascinating plant group than holiday decorations. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to Bulletin, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299 14 Always a Sustainability The Missouri Botanical Garden Busy Winter Bulletin is printed on paper Garden care and plant containing 100% post-consumer recycled conservation work never stops. content, that is, paper that you might have placed in the recycle bin in your home or office this year. It is manufactured using biogas, a renewable energy source. We print locally, President’s Comment...... 2 so there is no long-haul transportation, and we’re reinvesting in our community. We work News ...... 4 hard to choose the most environmentally responsible paper around. So if you aren’t Integrated Pest Management . . . . 16 quite ready to go completely electronic with our online version, you can still enjoy your Journey of a Gardening Student. . . . 17 paper Bulletin in good conscience. Once you’ve read it, please recycle. Member Events...... 18 Shop & Dine...... 19 The Story of ...... 20 Commemorative Gifts...... 21 Why I Give...... 23

To discover and share knowledge about plants and their environment in order to preserve and enrich life.

photo Gordon by Maddy – mission of the Missouri Botanical Garden 3 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 News In Memoriam: In Memoriam: Mary Hall as Manager of Volunteers at The Garden also notes the 88.1 FM KDHX, the independent, Evelyn Newman noncommercial radio station in The Missouri passing of Mary Taussig Tompkins St. Louis. Previous experience Botanical Garden Hall. She passed away in August includes managing volunteer honors the legacy after a lifetime of commitment to programs for the Red Rock Canyon of an exemplary social justice, public health, the Interpretive Association in Nevada, supporter and environment, global hunger, and where he was also an interpretive Emeritus Trustee child welfare. She worked tirelessly assistant helping with education Evelyn Newman. to have an impact on a variety programs, visitor services, and field Evelyn passed away in September and of issues and with a variety of trips. “To have our visitor services left an incredible legacy for St. Louis. partners. For more than a decade, and education programs be powered The Garden benefitted in many Mary worked with the United by volunteers is really important to ways from her lifetime of charitable Nations on issues related to global me,” Bahan says, “as well as giving works and entrepreneurism. hunger and the environment. She them an opportunity to be able to Evelyn was a supporter of the helped plan and spoke at a regional take ownership.” Garden for nearly 40 years. In 1998 “World Environment Day” at the Bahan received his Bachelors she single-handedly established the Garden in 1987. Mary and her of Science in Agricultural Studies Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House in second husband, Thomas, also from Truman State University Faust Park in Chesterfield, Missouri. supported the Garden for more than and has his Masters of Science The Butterfly House later became a three decades. in Nonprofit Management from division of the Garden in 2001. Tom served on the Board of Fontbonne University. From the Evelyn also became a Garden Trustees prior to his passing in moment he joined, he has been busy Trustee, providing fundraising and 1990. Mary permanently enriched immersing himself in the culture retail counsel for many years. She the Garden by donating Three of the Garden and learning more created the fantastic “Wing Ding” Graces by Gerhardt Marx as a about why people volunteer. “The fundraising event at the Butterfly memorial for Tom. Prior to that, the dedication and time, which is their House. With her guidance, the sculpture had been on loan from most valuable resource, that our Garden opened the Little Shop the couple’s private collection. This volunteers give to the Garden is Around the Corner in 2004, a resale beautiful piece is now on display in impressive,” he says. “I’m looking shop that supports the institution’s the English Woodland Garden. forward to maintaining and mission by reusing quality New Volunteer Program building on the legacy that Jackie merchandise and raising funds for built over the years.” To learn more programs and operations. Manager Joins the Garden about volunteer opportunities, visit Evelyn also created ScholarShop, The Garden www.mobot.org/volunteer. a retail store where all sale proceeds welcomed Scott fund scholarships and loans for Bahan as its new United Nations Adopts Volunteer Program students, and the Greater St. Louis New Agenda on Book Fair. She was also one of the Manager. Jackie founders of Forest Park Forever Juras, who for 14 Sustainable Development and The First Street Forum—now years served in that On September 25, the 193 the Contemporary Art Museum position, retired September 11 country leaders attending the United St. Louis. (see page 22). Nations (UN) General Assembly The Garden is forever grateful for Bahan joined the Garden adopted its new global Agenda for Evelyn’s involvement and support. in September after five years Sustainable Development, including

4 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 but challenging new goals over the coming years,” says Garden President Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson. “We recognize that a healthy environment, rich in plants and biodiversity, is essential if the great challenges faced by the world— poverty, securing human well- being, peace, stability, and climate change—are to be addressed.” In 2014 Dr. Wyse Jackson addressed the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity regarding the worldwide implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Garden President Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson and Deborah Patterson, President of the Monsanto Fund welcomed families Conservation. to the free Community Day at the Butterfly House sponsored by the Monsanto Company. (photo by John Dedeke) IMLS Grant to Harness World Flora Online Gets to respond to this priority and take Power of Herbarium a leadership role is very important Additional Support because it isn’t often that everyone Collections The Garden has received in the world agrees on a top priority.” In September, the Institute of $2 million from Monsanto To commemorate the generous Museum and Library Services Company to support its work gift, the company also sponsored a (IMLS) awarded a National on the development of a World free community day at the Butterfly Leadership Grant of $351,579 over Flora Online. The gift extends the House in September, where visitors three years to Dr. Adam Smith, company’s support for the project enjoyed free admission and special Global Change Ecologist at the after a three-year, $3-million gift activities. “As part of our outreach Garden’s Center for Conservation in 2012. “Creating the World Flora effort into the St. Louis community, and Sustainable Development Online was adopted as a target we wanted to connect people (CCSD). The highly competitive for every country in the world,” with our commitment to habitat grants support projects that says Garden President Dr. Peter restoration for monarch butterflies,” “address critical needs of the museum Wyse Jackson. “So for us, our says Deborah Patterson, President field and that have the potential to partners, and Monsanto to be able of the Monsanto Fund. advance practice in the profession so that museums can improve services for the American public.” 17 Goals and 169 targets for these of these newly adopted global Dr. Smith’s project, in collaboration goals. This 15-year plan replaces goals and targets. In St. Louis and with the University of California’s the previously adopted Millennium around the world, the Garden Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, will Development Goals and extends strives to improve the livelihood develop methods and software to to 2030. and well-being of humans and mobilize the vast collections of data Many Garden programs in the our environment. “The Missouri that natural history museums and areas of botany, conservation, Botanical Garden is committed to herbaria have, including hundreds horticulture, education, and playing a leading role worldwide of millions of zoological, botanical, sustainability are representative in helping to meet these exciting and paleontological specimens.

5 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 News cont. These collections serve as the mountains? While there has been the Reserve has become a hotspot foundation for understanding the interest in studying climate change for plant and animal diversity in distribution of life on Earth and in tropical forests, efforts have been our region,” says Garden President are the basis for addressing climate hampered by the limited number of Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson. In addition change, loss of biodiversity, and long-term studies across elevation to the general public, area schools other global threats. The methods gradients. The Garden’s Madidi from the Ferguson-Florissant developed with this project will Project, however, has mapped and District, St. Louis Public Schools, help botanical gardens, natural identified over the past 13 years Eureka, Washington, and Meramec history museums, and zoos identify more than 200,000 individual Valley also participated in the event. gaps in their collections and help trees and 2,600 plant species The Garden’s scientists are predict and mitigate these threats. within a network of plots in one of working to compile a long-term “The places with the most species the most important conservation complete inventory of the plant are the ones we know the least areas in the tropical Andes. “Few and animal species present at the about,” Dr. Smith says. “The 6.6 if any other studies in the tropics Reserve by utilizing the iNaturalist million specimens in the Garden’s can match the replication, spatial data bank for the first time. “This Herbarium go a long way—but not scales, and botanical diversity was the 10th Academy of Science– the whole way—toward addressing encompassed by the Madidi St. Louis BioBlitz, and the first time this gap. This grant will enhance Project,” says Dr. Jonathan Myers, we have uploaded the data into the value of the collection and its Assistant Professor in Washington the publicly accessible data bank, ability to guide conservation.” To University’s Department of Biology iNaturalist,” says Peggy James learn more about the Herbarium, and lead project investigator. Nacke, the Academy’s BioBlitz see page 20. The new project will produce one Director. “It was fun to see the of the first dynamic assessments observation and species count in Climate Change Study in of forest ecosystems and provide real-time on our mobile devices. Tropics and the Garden information for policy makers in This is an excellent example of The International Center for Bolivia to mitigate the effects of technology drawing all ages outside Advanced Renewable Energy climate change in the Madidi region. for engagement with nature.” and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis Community Documents awarded $32,000 to an international, Biodiversity at the Reserve multi-institutional project studying Participants in the Academy of climate change and tropical forests Science–St. Louis BioBlitz at Shaw in Bolivia. Among the project’s Nature Reserve documented a collaborators are the Garden’s record-breaking 490 observations Dr. Peter Jørgensen, Dr. Iván and 223 species of plants and Jiménez, and Dr. Sebastián Tello. animals. The intensive, two-day The study seeks to address one event in September brought together of the most pressing questions leading scientists, environmental regarding ecology, conservation, professionals, naturalists, and and sustainability in the world’s citizen scientists of all ages to find most biodiverse ecosystem: What and identify as many species as influence does climate change have possible at the Reserve. “Through David Bruns of the Missouri Department of on plant populations, communities, careful management and innovative Conservation (left) assisted the team tasked with and ecosystems in tropical programs in ecological restoration, finding and documenting lichens around Shaw Nature Reserve during the BioBlitz. (photo by Michelle Scherer)

6 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 popularized indoor bonsai. BBG’s A Decade Of Sharing collection started with 32 trees in 1925 and now has almost 450. Native Plant Knowledge The Native Plant School (NPS) The bonsai are being cared for in celebrated 10 years this October the greenhouses during the winter, with a free event at Shaw Nature but they will be displayed in the Reserve that included keynote Japanese Garden and Boxwood speaker Alan Branhagen, Director of Garden starting in the spring. Horticulture at Powell Gardens; live EarthWays Center music; refreshments; and exhibits. Celebrates Milestone When Scott Woodbury joined the Reserve as the Whitmire This November, the EarthWays Family Curator of Native Plant Center celebrated 15 years at the Horticulture in 1991, he organized Garden horticulturist Richard Harrison carefully Garden. Promoting environmental a two-day conference every two removes the packaging from one of the bonsai that education since the early 1990s, it arrived this fall. (photo by Sheridan Hentrich) years that aimed to promote was incorporated into the Garden landscaping with native plants. in 2000 as an important tool to Bonsai Gift from Brooklyn After 13 years, it became apparent connect everyday lifestyle choices to him that the local community Arrives at the Garden with the impact on plants, their wanted access to this knowledge Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) ecosystems, and the environment. more than just every two years. So presented a gift of 15 bonsai trees EarthWays Center programs in 2005, the NPS began offering 10 to the Garden this fall in honor of help schools, homeowners, to 12 three-hour classes throughout the close collaboration between businesses, and municipalities the year. They fill up quickly, and the two gardens. BBG’s President adopt sustainble, environmentally there’s always a waiting list. “This Scot Medbury and Vice President friendly practices that are also information is not being taught in of Horticulture Melanie Sifton practical and economically viable. school, and there’s nowhere else personally delivered them. “It’s an “The Center’s impact is also evident in the region to get this in-depth, incredible collection,” Medbury in the sustainable operations at the hands-on information,” Woodbury says. “They’re all unique in their Garden—parking lots with porous says. “It all goes back to the gift own regard, and they all have pavements, rain gardens, and electric that the Whitmires gave to Shaw extraordinary potential.” vehicle charging stations; food Nature Reserve because people In total their age is approximately waste composting in the cafés; and come see the garden and are 600 years, with some specimens LEED-certified buildings,” says Vice inspired to use native plants in older than 60 years old. “We are President of Sustainability Deborah different ways in their gardens.” honored to receive this magnificent Frank. “We strive to educate and To learn more about the NPS, visit gift, especially from an institution demonstrate sustainability-in-action.” www.shawnature.org/nps. with such rich history in bonsai,” In 2014 the EarthWays Center says Garden President Dr. Peter was one of the many resources used Additional Support For Wyse Jackson. While the beginnings to launch BiodiverseCity St. Louis, of the art go back almost 2,000 a Garden-led initiative that engages Deer Creek Project In July, the Metropolitan years, it was BBG’s first bonsai the community with the importance St. Louis Sewer District announced curator, Frank Okamura, who first of fostering and protecting its continued support of the Deer experimented with tropical plants biodiversity. To learn more, visit Creek Watershed Alliance, a Garden suitable for indoor cultivation and www.mobot.org/ewc. project that advocates plant-based

7 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Gardening & News cont. Q A solutions for cleaner water in Deer the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Creek. The $207,500 grant supports to study three federally threatened the Alliance’s rainscaping program plant species. of landscaping strategies to capture The projects will focus on and slow rain where it falls. Kentucky gladecress (Leavenworthia This contribution provides exigua var. laciniata), geocarpon matching funds for a 319-grant (Geocarpon minimum), and from the Missouri Department Missouri bladder pod (Physaria of Natural Resources to improve filiformis). Studying the genetic water quality, according to Vice composition of some of these President of Sustainability Deborah species’ populations provides photo by Sonya Lalla Frank. “Our goal is to fund 80 insight into the seed dispersal, more landowner projects,” she says. mating system, and the structuring How do I protect my In addition, the Holton Family of genetic variation in a species. perennials for winter? contributed $15,000 for free “This information tells us how Garden perennials that are winter- experiential community workshops many populations need to be hardy can still be damaged when the that result in more native plants, protected,” Dr. Edwards says. soil freezes and thaws several times healthier soils, increased “If genetic variation is structured during the winter. This freezing and biodiversity, and clean water. among populations, then each thawing of the soil may loosen or On September 17, the Garden’s population is genetically unique and heave the plants, causing roots to EarthWays Center, Shaw Nature in need of protection. But if genetic break and dry. Reserve, and Alliance co-hosted one variation is maintained within A 2”- to 4”-layer of organic mulch, of these free workshops at Mary populations, then each population such as leaves, compost, wood Institute and Country Day School contains a large amount of the chips, or shredded bark, will provide (MICDS). Ninety homeowners and genetic variation, and we could winter protection to perennials by professionals toured MICDS’s large protect a few large populations.” preventing these rapid temperature bioretention feature and learned For the geocarpon and Missouri changes of the soil. This mulch will about nature-rich stormwater bladder pod projects, she will also reduce deep penetration of frost and excessive loss of moisture. management strategies from a collaborate with the Garden’s The mulch should be applied after panel of local and national experts. Dr. Matthew Albrecht and the soil begins to freeze. To learn more, please visit Dr. George Yatskievich to collect A final word of caution: For added www.deercreekalliance.org. specimens in the wild and, in the protection, be sure to buy perennials case of the Missouri bladder pod, Studying Genetics to Help that are winter-hardy in this area. collect seeds for conservation seed A reliable nursery or garden supply Threatened Species banking. “These projects are also center will be able to guide you in Studying the genetic diversity of helping us build great partnerships your selection. individual plant species can help with the state and federal officials Also, avoid planting perennials in conservation managers understand that make conservation decisions,” poorly drained locations where they how to best manage them. That Dr. Edwards says. The U.S. Fish might be subject to winter root rot. is where experts like the Garden’s and Wildlife Service can use the Get more plant care information this Conservation Geneticist Dr. Christy results as it reviews and implements winter with our gardening advice, Edwards can help. Earlier this fall, the recovery plans for these three tips, and resources available at Dr. Edwards received three grants threatened species. www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp. totaling more than $60,000 from

8 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 photo Gordon by Maddy all about CONIFERS

A look at these iconic plants and why there’s more to them than holiday lights.

Long before Christmas trees became 630 coniferous species are found throughout popular in the United States in the early 1890s, the world, and they include pines, firs, evergreen plants had a special meaning in yews, junipers, and spruces. Their main the winter for many around the world. And characteristics are their cones; needle- or while most conifers remain green through the scale-like leaves; and a shallow, wide- winter, there is more to these beautiful trees spreading root system that anchors the trunk than holiday decorations. This plant group is and allows it to absorb water and nutrients very diverse, with a wide range of size, shape, from the soil. Of the gymonosperms, which color, and type. also include groups such as cycads, they are Conifers are trees and shrubs that produce the most abundant, widely distributed, and cones instead of flowers and fruits. About ecologically and economically important.

9 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 A Prickly Relationship

Pine devil moth caterpillar.

Insects and conifers have an often- misunderstood relationship. Conifers are one of the oldest groups of plant life, and insects are one of the oldest groups of animal life. Given their ancient origins, conifers and insects have had millions of years to evolve complex relationships. “There are many well-known examples of For most conifers, the pollen and seed are borne in separate cones on the same tree. Wind carries the insects that are pests of coniferous plants,” pollen from a male cone to a female cone, where the seed will develop. (photo by Tom Incrocci) says Chris Hartley, Coordinator of Education at the Butterfly House. “But there are numerous examples of positive relationships Cones, Wind, and Fire between insects and conifers as well.” Cones, as the name suggests, are the main characteristic of Conifer leaves serve as food for some native caterpillars. Pine trees may feed conifers. They contain the plant’s reproductive structures. The caterpillars of the pine sphinx moth (Lapara pollen and seeds in most conifers are borne in separate cones on coniferarum). Several inchworms, which the same tree. The wind carries the pollen grains produced in the are caterpillars of geometer moths, feed pollen cones to the seed cones, where they are protected for about on conifers as well. One of North America’s two years as they develop. most spectacular caterpillars, the pine devil How the cones release mature seeds depends on the species. For moth (Citheronia sepulcralis), feeds only on some in temperate regions, the cones’ scales separate and release pine leaves. the winged seeds. The In many high mountain ranges where wind takes care of the rest. temperatures are cool, conifers are often Others, however, have the dominant plants. This is the case in cones sealed with resin. many conifer the oyamel fir forests of Central Mexico, The only way for seeds in which shelter millions of migrating monarch these cones to be released species produce butterflies each winter. Monarchs west of is for the resin to be melted the Rockies find similar winter shelter in by fire. That is why fire is oils and other the Monterey pines and Monterey cypresses an important and common of Southern California. The monarch’s environmental disturbance volatile compounds migration south through Canada and the United States is well known, but if not for in some conifer habitats. that promote the particular conditions provided by the It is needed not only for oyamel firs, the butterflies could not make these seeds to germinate wildfires it through the winter safely. “These fir trees but also to clear understory make North American monarch survival vegetation and allow seeds possible, as there is no other site with the to fall on bare, fertile soil. conditions they need,” Hartley says. photo courtesy of Connecticut the Experiment Agricultural Station

10 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Everywhere But Antarctica Some of the earliest conifers date to the Late Carboniferous period, some 300 million years ago. They were a dominant plant group in most parts of the world before flowering plants diversified and became more successful. As they evolved and adapted to survive without much water, some conifers developed needle-like leaves. This shape reduces the evaporation of water, allowing the tree to retain what little water is available and survive where other trees can’t. This is why some conifers can be found in a wide variety of environments— from cold boreal forests to dry deserts. In fact, conifers grow on all continents except Antarctica, and they can be found on most large continental islands and many smaller islands. One such island is New Caledonia, located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. It was one of the key areas for Garden research identified in the 1970s by President Emeritus Dr. Peter Raven. At just 7,172 square miles, this small, mountainous archipelago contains a high concentration of plant diversity as well as a wide variety of soils and climate types. Conifers are one of the plant groups with a strong presence in New Caledonia, and they have developed and diversified on the island over millions of years. Today all 43 conifer species found in New Araucaria muelleri, endemic to New Caledonia, is restricted to a few dozen localities Caledonia are endemic, meaning found nowhere in the southern part of the island, often along mountain ridges. It is threatened by else in the world. They include Parasitaxus usta, mining activities that impact the nickel-rich soils on which it grows, and it is listed the only parasitic conifer on Earth. as “endangered” on the IUCN Red List. Araucaria muelleri can be recognized by its Dr. Pete Lowry, Senior Curator and Director distinctive candelabra-like appearance, and it has the largest leaves of any Araucaria species of in New Caledonia. (photo by Dr. Pete Lowry) of the Garden’s Africa and Madagascar Program, has studied New Caledonia’s flora since he was a post-graduate student at the Garden in the early 1980s. Over the past three decades, he has continued to discover and document the island’s plants, including many conifers in conifers. “New Caledonia is home to 8% of the world’s conifers,” he says, “and the threats boreal forests are that affect them are particularly worrisome tall and narrow to for preserving conifer diversity.” In 2010 Dr. Lowry collaborated with researchers from limit the surface the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement to re-evaluate the threat status of the island’s area on which snow conifers. Their findings were incorporated into the International Union for Conservation of can accumulate Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species™.

11 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Conifers at Shaw Nature Reserve

The Pinetum in 1941 (Garden archives)

After the Garden acquired the land in Gray Summit, Missouri, that is now Shaw Nature Reserve, creating the Pinetum area was one of the first projects. Between 1925 and 1927, the staff planted pine, fir, spruce, The Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis) forest provides many services to the local Tibetan community, cypress, and juniper from all over the world including building materials for their homes. (photo by Bob Moseley, The Nature Conservancy) around the Pinetum Lake. Some 450 species and 22 genera of conifers were tested over the next 20 years, supplying a vast amount of information about the culture Counting on Conifers and suitability of conifers in the area. “With Conifers play an important role in the ecosystems in which the exception of the Junipers, we are able they live. In addition to having the ability to sequester large to grow more varieties of Pine than any amounts of carbon dioxide, they provide other services for other conifer,” wrote then-Reserve Manager plants and animals. The whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), for August P. Beilmann in a 1944 issue of the example, provides other species with shelter and food, including Bulletin, reflecting on the tests. “The very best of all is White Pine (P. strobus) and the nuts for grizzly bears and the Clark’s nutcracker, a large bird most difficult to grow is the Short-leaf (P. that co-evolved with the whitebark pine over millions of years. echinata), the only pine native to Missouri.” However, pests and climate stress are threatening this iconic conifer of the American West. Jennifer Gruhn, a graduate Today, the landscape looks much student at Washington University in St. Louis working at the different. As Reserve Director John Behrer explains, many of the conifers didn’t Garden, is collaborating closely with the U.S. Forest Service survive because of either disease or harsh to prevent the whitebark pine’s extinction. By collecting and environmental conditions. These non-native preserving genetically different populations and modeling future conifers struggled to survive, and Reserve distributions under predicted climate change models, Gruhn is staff has been actively removing some of studying natural resistance to some of these threats and helping them as they begin to show signs of stress. the Forest Service prioritize their efforts to restore whitebark Through careful ecological restoration pine communities around the country. efforts, the Reserve is currently developing Conifers also provide humans with valuable services, a prairie with scattered oak groves where including building materials, fuel, food, and medicine. In most of the Pinetum conifers once were. the Tibetan sacred mountain of Khawa Karpo, conifers are Dr. James Trager, Restoration Biologist at essential to the local communities’ everyday lives. “China and the Reserve, notes that one can still enjoy the Himalayas are hotspots of conifer diversity, with many conifers in the groves of bald cypress species and genera,” says Robbie Hart, Research Specialist around Pinetum Lake and at the wetlands at the Garden’s William L. Brown Center. “And almost all boardwalk, of eastern white and short-leaf of the species are used by the people living there.” The trees pines on the higher ground of the former are burned for spiritual incense. Their wood is used to create Pinetum, and red cedar in fields and natural building tools and material for homes. Pine nuts are a valued woodlands around the Reserve. food, and resin is used for medicinal purposes.

12 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Where To Find Them at the Garden During your next visit to the Garden, be sure to visit the Kassabaum Dwarf Conifer Garden, featuring hardy, dwarf- growing conifers for the Midwest. Also, look for some of our most iconic conifer specimens on Garden grounds: Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis) | Linnean House Considered a “living fossil” because it has been dated to 200 million years ago in the fossil record. Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) | several locations Known only from fossils until living specimens were discovered in 1941 in China. In 1952 the Garden planted wild-collected seeds of the new discovery in front of the Lehmann Building, where they remain today. Englemann spruce (Picea engelmannii) | Dr. Salick and her team study Himalayan plants, including conifers like the Japanese Garden firs shown here in the background. Their research focuses on the threats Named for Henry Shaw’s botanical adviser George Engelmann. these plants face and on how their survival is important not only to conserve biodiversity but also to preserve the local culture. (photo by Robbie Hart) Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) | several locations Unusual among conifers, bald cypress trees drop their leaves in the winter (deciduous). Three bald cypresses Senior Curator Dr. Jan Salick, in collaboration along Alfred Avenue are the only remnants of Henry Shaw’s with The Nature Conservancy, has also been Arboretum. Two rows of bald cypresses flank the lily pools studying the relationship between sacred sites, in the Central Axis. such as Khawa Karpo, and larger, old growth Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) | conifers. Their research shows that the sanctity several locations of these sites helps preserve forest structure, and In the wild, it may grow as tall as 200 feet. As the one in their findings are helping lead conservation efforts the William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening shows, in the Himalayas. “This is the most forested area it can also be grown in a pot indoors or planted in gardens in China and it is nearly as diverse as the tropics,” as an ornamental. Although it is common in commercial Dr. Salick says. “So for conservation purposes, the trade, it is listed as “vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. Himalayas are crucial.”

Behind the Show Gardenland Express Steve Feiner has been a volunteer 2015 at the Garden for 21 years. During Logo TK that time, he’s been behind some Holiday Flower and Train Show of the floral display shows’ most memorable features: the animations.

Presented by A mechanical engineer by trade, he grew up fascinated with the window displays at some of downtown St. Louis’s department stores. “When I was a kid, I always said: ‘I hope someday I get an opportunity to do something like that.” November 21–January 3 Without giving too much away, he recommends checking out this year’s animated features: the skiers on a www.mobot.org/gardenlandexpress mountain, the ice skaters, and a wedding cake. Made possible by the Berges Endowment for Flower Shows. Additional sponsorship by CBIZ and Mayer Hoffman McCann, P.C.

13 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 always a busy WINTER

Contrary to After months of joyous planting, watering, and harvesting, common belief, winter seems like the perfect time to hibernate and wait for spring. But at the Garden, a horticulturist’s work is never done, winter is not a no matter how cold or snowy it gets. In fact, this is the time slow season at the when the next few years’ displays are starting to take shape. Garden. There’s For more than 150 years, beautiful plant collections and much garden displays have connected the community to the Garden’s global preparation and mission. Garden horticulturists use their knowledge of plant propagation and cultivation to develop conservation protocols. plant conservation They maintain a living collection of more than 16,000 different work to be done. kinds of plants that supports plant research and conservation. It includes a canopy of 5,000 trees; the historic orchid, cacti, and photos by Sonya Lalla aroid collections; and hundreds of poinsettias and conifers for the holiday show. Horticulturists care for it all.

14 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Most of the Garden’s annual horticultural planning begins in the winter, including plant research, display design, maintenance, and propagation for the upcoming seasons. In fact, what horticulturists are planning for this winter is 2017—not 2016—and beyond. “There is a misconception that winter is downtime at the Garden,” says Senior Manager of Horticulture Jim Cocos. “A lot of planning and behind-the- scenes work happens during these months.” Garden horticulturists spend a significant amount of time researching plants to grow the Garden’s living collections. They focus on wild-collected plants and study their location, collection, and propagation data. “We try to find plants that not only enhance our collections but also help us connect our visitors to our mission,” Cocos says. Winter is also when they browse different catalogs for new perennials, trees, and shrubs to add to the gardens. Time not spent preparing next year’s display gardens and helping with the annual holiday flower show and the Orchid Show is dedicated to removing snow or ice, mulching, pruning, cleaning tools, and taking inventory of every individual plant and updating the Garden’s plant database. As Supervisor of Horticulture June Hutson explains, “winters are getting shorter—not because of the weather but because of how much time we have to prepare for spring.” The cold months are also some of the busiest in the Garden’s greenhouses. Once the plants for the holiday flower show are moved to the display hall, the greenhouse team takes the opportunity to clean and sterilize the greenhouses. They start to propagate and carefully time more than 200,000 annual bedding plants and other plants to add to the living collection. “Not one winter is ever the same,” says Nursery Supervisor Derek Lyle, “because we’re never growing the same plants, and the growing conditions are never the same.”

We ♥ Hort! All year long, expert horticulturists make the Garden a world-leading showplace for plants. Make a special year-end gift to support this incredible team of staff and The cold doesn’t keep horticulturists from tending to the Garden, including cleaning volunteers at www.mobot.org/donate. beds from wilting plant material (opposite), mulching, and pruning (above). Derek Lyle inspects the Amblyseius swirskii, a predatory mite, that is released in the greenhouse to control thrips, a common pest affecting orchids. (photo by Monique Mullen) Nature Keeping Pests In Check Cleanliness. That’s the one word that is always In fact, the orchids and the poinsettias, both key to on Derek Lyle’s mind. As Nursery Supervisor at the the Garden’s annual Orchid Show and Holiday Flower Garden, the basis of all his work to keep plants healthy and Train Show respectively, have not been sprayed is having a clean greenhouse. It is also the foundation with synthetic pesticides since the program started. of the integrated pest management (IPM) system that “The 2015 Orchid Show is the cleanest show we’ve has been in place at the Garden for the past five years. ever had,” he says. “We’ve invested so much into this Without cleanliness, no beneficial insect or biopesticide program, and we’re now reaping the benefits. We’re can keep up with the constant threat of pests. seeing the results every day.” IPM involves a combination of effective and Implementing an IPM plan is not limited to large- environmentally sensitive practices to control scale greenhouses like the Garden’s. Just like learning common pests that threaten the living collections in about the right type of soil, light conditions, and water the greenhouses. The Garden’s plan includes human requirements for their plants, home gardeners can learn interaction (cleaning, sterilizing), mechanical controls about using beneficial insects to control pests. The (spraying biopesticides), and biocontrols, meaning Garden’s Horticulture Answer Service, Plant Doctors beneficial insects and reptiles that prey on pests. “With at the William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening, the push for more sustainable options and the industry and gardening website www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp pushing for green standards, there are more options offer a wide variety of resources for anyone looking to and opportunities to educate yourself about IPM than implement IPM at home. ever before,” Lyle says. He and his team use this multi-pronged approach on Learn more! Don’t miss Derek Lyle’s IPM class this summer. Class the Garden’s orchid, cacti, and aroid collections; the information available February 1 at www.mobot.org/classes. tropical foliage; the stock plants; and the wild-collected specimens—70% of the greenhouses are under IPM.

16 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 A lawyer by trade, Bousquet found his love for plants and gardening through the learning opportunities for adults that the Garden offers. (photo courtesy of Patrick Bousquet) Journey of a Gardening Student Somewhere between taking depositions and arguing It was also through a class that he became more cases in court, Patrick Bousquet finds time to grow involved in promoting the Garden’s mission as a vegetables and fruits in his backyard and on his plot volunteer. At his first organic gardening class, he ran in the Soulard Garden Co-Op. In all his years in law into his friends Clay and Sara Gillette. They introduced school, he never thought he would one day become a him to the Young Friends of the Missouri Botanical Master Gardener. “I was looking for something to help Garden, a volunteer group of young professionals. He me decompress from my job,” he says. joined the group in 2011 and is now a member of the He was first introduced to the Garden in 2006 when Young Friends Council. As his interest in the Garden he and his family moved to St. Louis and enjoyed the grew over the years, so did his love for gardening. In Whitaker Music Festival. As he became more interested 2015 he joined the St. Louis Master Gardener Program, in his community garden and gardening in general, he an advanced program established by the Garden in knew the Garden would be the best place to start. “I partnership with the University of Missouri Extension. didn’t know anything about gardening before taking a After the course on native plants, Bousquet says class at the Garden,” Bousquet says. “Now I immerse he now visits Shaw Nature Reserve more often and myself in gardening.” wants to learn more about how to incorporate them into He describes the Garden as “the single greatest landscapes. “Everything I know about gardening I’ve resource for a gardener,” offering beginners and gotten from my learning experiences at the Garden,” he advanced-level gardeners alike unique opportunities says. “It is an invaluable resource for the community.” to learn. Whether its online through the Help for the Home Gardener and Plant Finder webpages, on-site at the William T. Kemper Center for Home Gardening, Learn more! Check out our classes, gardening resources, and info about the Master Gardener program at www.mobot.org/adultclasses. or a class, the Garden’s resources cover gardening tools and landscape design and everything in between.

17 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Member Events Garden Glow Member Preview Member Day: to the Orchid Show, a wine pull, Friday, November 20; 5–9:30 p.m. Top 10 Orchids for the Home silent auction, 50/50 raffle, and attendance prizes. Proceeds support Preview includes both Garden Glow Saturday, February 6; 11 a.m.– the Children’s Garden. $300 per and Gardenland Express. Timed noon; Shoenberg Theater table of 10. Attendees must be at tickets available. $12 member Learn a few simple rules to least 21. Advance tickets required. adults; $6 member children. grow orchids at home. Special Advance ticket purchase required. presentation by St. Louis Master Member Day: Composting Enjoy 20% off new, renewing, or Gardener and volunteer for the Tuesday, February 25; 11 a.m.– gift memberships at the event. Garden’s orchid range Carol noon; Shoenberg Theater Gravens. Reservations required. Holiday Wreath Display This lively talk with Jean Ponzi will and Auction Member Day: Indoor Gardening show how compost is produced at a business scale. Compost is proving Saturday, November 21, 2015– Tuesday, February 9; 11 a.m.– the rotten truth that Zero Waste Sunday, January 3, 2016; noon; Shoenberg Theater is possible when we learn from Ridgway Visitor Center Learn the tools and techniques nature. Reservations required. View unique creations donated for creating and maintaining an by some of the area’s finest floral indoor garden from Barbara Giblin, designers. Wreaths are sold by professional horticulturist and Sales silent-auction bidding, with Manager at Ritter Greenhouse, LLC. proceeds benefiting the Garden’s Reservations required. Horticulture department. World Exploration: Behind the Travel with the Garden Supper with Santa Science with Garden Botanists to Portugal Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House; Saturday and Sunday, February May 12–21, 2016 December 5, 6, 12, 13, 19, and 20; 20–21; 1–4 p.m.; Monsanto Enjoy a 10-day trip 4:30–7 p.m. Research Center featuring the lush gardens Sponsored by Noodles & Company. Enjoy an open house of the and landscapes of Portugal. A holiday evening with butterflies! Garden’s research center, library, Join us for some amazing Includes pasta dinner, Conservatory and herbarium. Meet Garden experiences! tours, crafts, photos, and Santa. botanists; see pressed and $15 members; $20 nonmembers. preserved plant specimens; view Travel reservations Advance ticket purchase required. rare, illustrated botanical texts; and tickets required: www.butterflyhouse.org/santa. and learn about global plant www.mobot.org/travel. conservation. Event is free and 2016 Orchid Show Preview open to the public. Reservations Friday, February 5; 5:30–8:30 p.m.; recommended. Learn More! Orthwein Floral Display Hall Come to a presentation See it first! Explore the show with Trivia Night—Garden Style featuring photos of the research and horticulture experts. Saturday, February 20; 6–10 p.m.; locations to learn more about Cash bar available; 20% off new, Ridgway Visitor Center the trip: Thursday, January 7; 2 p.m.; Shoenberg Theater; renewing, and gift memberships; Grab your team and join the Ridgway Visitor Center. 20% off at the Garden Gate Shop. Young Friends of the Garden for 10 Sassafras open. rounds of trivia. Enjoy admission

Event information and registration at (314) 577-5118 or www.mobot.org/memberevents unless otherwise noted.

18 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Shop & Dine Membership Sale End of Year Clearance Sale December 2–6 December 26, and 29–31; Featured Item Enjoy 20% off new, renewing, Little Shop Around the Corner or gift memberships and a 20% Start the year off right with unique discount at the shops. Visit the vintage items for your home. Membership Services Desk at the Everything in the shop is Garden, the Butterfly House, or 40–60% off. Shaw Nature Reserve; visit www.mobot.org/membership; or Holiday Sale call (314) 577-5118. December 26–January 3; Butterfly House Gift Shop VINTAGE BOTANICAL COLLECTION First Fridays Enjoy 50–75% off holiday décor The botanical illustrations that First Friday of the month; items. Please note, the Butterfly decorate these items come from a Garden Gate Shop House Gift Shop will be open rare book in Dr. Peter Wyse Jackson’s Discover something new—from December 31 and January 1 until private library collection. The line book signings to food samplings to 2 p.m. includes tea towels, pot holders, tote trunk shows. More information at bags, pouches, aprons, a teacup www.mobot.org/shop. Hot! Hot! Hot! Sale and saucer set, mug, creamer, sugar January 30–31 and February 6–7; bowl, and teapot. Prices range from Staff and Volunteer Sales Butterfly House Gift Shop $10 to $50. Get yours at the Garden December 10–14 and February Escape the cold and join us for our Gate Shop today. 19–21; Garden Gate Shop, Hot! Hot! Hot! celebration and Butterfly House Gift Shop, and sale. All visitors receive a 20% Little Shop Around the Corner discount, and members receive an Winter Closings As a thank you for making the additional 10% off. • The Little Shop Around the Garden a world-class institution, all Corner is closed in January Garden staff and volunteers receive Member Days Sale and reopens February 2. an extra 10% off their purchases. February 12–14; Garden Gate Shop, Butterfly House Gift Shop, • The Butterfly House is closed Garden Gift Gala and Little Shop Around the Corner January 4–29 and reopens December 11; 2–9 p.m.; All Garden members receive 20% January 30 for Hot! Hot! Hot! Garden Gate Shop off purchases in the shops. • The Garden Gate Shop and Need great local, unique gifts? Sassafras are closed January We have them! Members get 20% Annual Grand Reopening 4–8 and January 11–15. They off any purchase at the Gala or February 2–6; Little Shop remain open on weekends. shop. Vendors include candy and Around the Corner Terrace Café is open those chocolate makers, jewelry artists, Check out our new inventory! weekdays as an alternative authors signing books, and more. Members enjoy an additional dining option. Shop local and support the Garden! 10% off storewide.

Garden Gate Shop Butterfly House Gift Shop Little Shop Around the Corner 4344 Shaw Blvd. 15193 Olive Blvd. 4474 Castleman Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 Chesterfield, MO 63017 St. Louis, MO 63110 Monday–Sunday Tuesday–Sunday Tuesday–Saturday 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. (314) 577-5137 (636) 530-0076 ext. 15 (314) 577-0891 photo by Nathan Wagner photo by Nathan

19 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 The Story of the Garden’s Herbarium

What started in 1857 with 62,000 specimens from Bernhardi’s estate has grown to more than 6.6 million, and is now one of the largest in the world. (photo by Molly Krohe)

On a cool September morning, Dr. Jim Solomon, will. By the 1970s, having outgrown that space, the Curator of the Herbarium, opened one of the steel two million specimens were moved to the newly built cases that had just been unloaded and pulled out a Lehmann Building. In 1997, half of the collection sheet with a dried sedge mounted on it. This Carex stayed there while the other half was moved to the stipata, along with the other 200,000 specimens new Monsanto Research Center. from the University of Missouri–Columbia’s (MU) Today, the Herbarium continues to be a key Dunn-Palmer Herbarium that had just arrived, will resource for scientists. Keeping it organized and be gradually added to the Garden’s own collection. accessible is the main job of herbarium assistants As some herbaria around the world struggle to like Lauren Peters, who joined the Garden three stay afloat due to budgetary or infrastructural issues, years ago and fell in love with the Herbarium. the Garden’s Herbarium continues to grow. It started “I get to go on scavenger hunts for researchers, with 62,000 specimens from Johann Bernhardi’s sometimes finding gems in our collection,” she says. estate. Dr. George Engelmann purchased them in For Peters, working at a world-renowned institution 1857 for Garden founder Henry Shaw. Today, with is more than a job. “This is where new species more than 6.6 million specimens, the Herbarium is are discovered,” she says. “Botanists go on big the second largest in the United States and one of the adventures to collect plants, but it’s not until they largest in the world. “This new addition from MU get back and study the herbarium specimens that will increase the depth and quality of information their work is completed.” available from our collection,” says Dr. Solomon. Shaw kept the first specimens in his Museum; See It Yourself! Take a free tour of the Garden’s research center, they were later moved to his Town House, which library, and herbarium February 20–21. See page 18 for more details. had been rebuilt on Garden grounds according to his

20 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Commemorative Gifts July–September 2015. Rita and Mike Mooney Ms. Sue McNamara Mrs. Rosalie Flickinger Donna Kessel Mrs. Helga Lunsford A commemorative gift is a Ellen and Henry Dubinsky Ms. Marilyn Miles Christina Carlson Carolyn and Joseph Losos Mrs. Theresa Ciccolella wonderful way to honor family Ms. Joan Murphy Ms. Barbara O’Brien Janey Carlson Jack Heisler Mr. and Mrs. Michael Pinney and friends. Gifts of $50 or Ms. Jackie Juras Patricia Schutte Charles Holm Scott Arnone Peggy Symes more are listed in the Bulletin. Family of Joan Murphy Linn Wells Mrs. Adele Fordyce Mr. and Mrs. John Bachmann Mrs. Carol Maloney For more information about Marian Wuest Judy and Paul Putzel Mr. Michael W. Dwyer Mr. and Mrs. Morton L. Brown, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. J. Donald Peters giving opportunities at the Ms. Mary Ann Barthley Mrs. Carol Darnall Missouri Botanical Garden, Carolyn and Joseph Losos Mr. Dale Foster Mr. Raymond Mauzy Ms. Carole Vohsen Elizabeth Holmes William and Susie Hizar Mrs. John Dean please call (314) 577-5118 or Mrs. Elizabeth Ruwitch Clarke and Whitney Jones make a commemorative gift Ellen and Henry Dubinsky Mrs. Lorraine E. Becker Mr. Rudolph Freedman Hugh and Lois McCall Mr. and Mrs. William K. Becker Mr. and Mrs. B. Franklin at www.mobot.org/tributes. Mr. and Mrs. S. Jerome Pratter Mr. and Mrs. James E. Russell Rassieur, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Marvin E. Mr. Stephen Sachs Mrs. Glenda Beckerman Mr. Bertram Gabriel, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Reis IV Lohmann In Honor of Mrs. Marjorie G. Talcoff Mr. Gerald Beckerman Helen Cohen Gabriel Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Van Dyke Mr. Stanley McLean James and Gertrude Wiant Pat Brock Diener John and Lois Sexauer Mary Berg Mary Anne Gallagher Dorothy Hitt Lindsey Cowhey Mrs. Jim Weaver Peter Dowd Lucas and Eva VonAllmen Mr. Lawrence Henges Walter McNeill Mr. and Mrs. Paul Markovits Ms. Sally Flood Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Korte Mrs. Gloria Jean Sirkin Mr. John Goessling Richard Loy Barbara Wanless Pulitzer Arts Foundation Mrs. Bonnie Morse Mr. Eric Mink and Alpine Shop Mrs. Jerre Minner Mr. Brian Ebel and Susan Poley Ms. Karen Weidert Emily Rauh Pulitzer Sarah Bakewell Mrs. Mary Langs Holekamp Diana and Jim Rothbarth Ms. Wendy Eberhart O’Connell Family Fund Mrs. Kim Skrainka and Mr. and Mrs. John Barry Ms. Susan Rowley Cindy Boddy Ms. Melanie Boelter Laurie Bauer Group360 Mary Ann Goldberg Mr. John Houston Derek Gnade Col. David Holland, Sr. MBG Volunteers Frank and Jan Forst Becker and Rosen CPAs, LLC Allan and Lynne Roney Ms. Jackie Juras Nancy Henley Mr. Gary Bohn Mr. and Mrs. Van-Lear Black III Marlene and Jim Shelton Ms. Karen Glines Mrs. Elizabeth Howe Mrs. Mary Lou Mullins John and Kathy Strong Melvin Delashmit Mr. and Mrs. Peter Bunce Ms. Peggy Stuckmeyer Mark and Mary Ellen Elise Cady Clara von Gontard Steinlage St. Louis Master Gardeners Norma Fraser Mr. Gerald W. Thebeau Dematteis Gerard T. Carmody Mr. Grant Hurford Ms. Carolyn Myers Ms. Jackie Juras Ms. Mary Lou Shanks Steve and Chloe Hayes Mr. and Mrs. James Crowe Charmaine Hurford Mr. and Mrs. Jules Pass Arnold and Marilyn Goldman Mrs. Gloria Schwarz Ms. Vinca LaFleur Mr. and Mrs. Richard Dowd Mr. Herbert Jones Jane and Jim Rohrbaugh James and Gay Maloney Mr. and Mrs. Justin Durel Phyllis and Ivan Wolff Dr. and Mrs. Edward Schwarz Colonel and Mrs. Jack B. Mrs. Margery Nax Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Elbert Dr. and Mrs. Peter Compton Mrs. Melinda Thies Florence Guth McLarty III Mr. and Mrs. Robert Epperson, Jr. Wyse Jackson Jean Skinner Weston Rev. Thomas Schaab McLarty Associates Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Mrs. Valerie Jontz Mary Pillsbury Wainwright Jay Harmon and Duane and Patti Novero Timothy Ewing Ina Rea Bicknell Mr. Robert “Bob” Neville Dee Dee Tate In Memory of Ms. Sandra S. Sheldon Mr. and Mrs. Paul Goessling, Jr. Dr. George Joseph Mr. and Mrs. Steven Rakel Diane and David Freyman The College School Mr. Briggs A. Hoffmann Mrs. Liji Joseph Mrs. Margaret K. Abel Mrs. Evelyn Newman Roy and Lorine Weinacht Holly and Lisa Hollenbeck Cheri Hollensbe Dr. Robert Royce Frank Kohring Mr. and Mrs. James Berges Mrs. Alice Kerckhoff Neal and Linda Shapiro Mr. Ralph Christian Ms. Carole Vohsen Jennifer Copaken Mrs. Mary Ella Alfring Mary Jo Thornburgh Mr. and Mrs. Paul G. Lane Dr. William H. Danforth Institutional Advancement Mr. and Mrs. James S. Mr. and Mrs. William Lawlor Dave Kutay Mr. and Mrs. David Farrell Mrs. Patricia Ellen Cleary Mr. and Mrs. Harry N. D. Fisher McDonnell III John and Michele Lochhead Peggy Lents Bill Fellenz Barbara Costigan Ms. Joan Murphy Mr. and Mrs. Wallace D. Jim and Kathy Martin Dr. Levi Lathen and Judy and Harvey Harris Ms. Jackie Juras Niedringhaus, Jr. Mrs. Betty Jean Collier Kent B. Perrin Mrs. Olean Lathen Carolyn and Joseph Losos Mrs. Ann Case Kathleen Altvater Mr. and Mrs. David Bates Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Purcell, Jr. Victor H. Farwell and Gail Mrs. Patricia Rich Skippy Dennis Alice Kerckhoff Mr. and Mrs. Tony Cook James and Eileen Rippe Lathen-Farwell Shaughnessy Family Madonna Rossell Mrs. Barbara Huning Mr. Richard Conerly Marilyn Leutwiler Ms. Jan Simons and Mrs. Ruth April Mrs. Lauren G. Selkirk Institutional Advancement Mrs. Corinne Cunningham Leutwiler Family Mr. Charles Raiser Donald and Marianne Sack T & P Incentives Mrs. Jean G. Leonhardt Mark Cunningham Mr. and Mrs. Jack E. Thomas MBG Docents Ms. Mary Baer The Vernon Company Mr. Mark Litteken Mary and William Stewart Mr. Michael J. Czajkowski Elizabeth Ann Nieters MBG Volunteer Instructors Arthur and Helen Baer Mr. Alan Bud Goldberg Vickie Bacon and Mr. Martin O’Connell Ms. Stephanie Sigala Foundation Kling Family Mrs. Mary Anne Lucas George Thomas Mrs. Mary Pitcher St. Louis Herb Society Julian and Eileen Carr Patricia Alley Mr. and Mrs. Dan G. Hubbard Mrs. Mary Hagmeyer Ann Case Anne Buganski Ramona Pepper Ms. Linda Lesh Schaake, Neiol, Builean, and Mrs. Marian Dean Dr. Bruce Chalker and Mr. and Mrs. John Cosgrove Jim and Betty Salih Mrs. Sondra Blau Vetter-Staten Families Dr. Polly Penhale Virginia “Ginny” Hayes Mr. and Mrs. Tom Cullmann Mrs. Mary Ann Pierce Carolyn Losos Ms. Joyce K. Driemeyer Mrs. Dixie Dill Amec Foster Wheeler Mrs. Otto Etzel Grace Mazzoni Ann Ruwitch and Mr. and Mrs. Dorsey Ellis, Jr. Mike and Kim Mester Mr. Gary Baker Joe and Donna Grasso Kathryn Wirth John Fox Arnold Ms. Kathleen Ferrell Mr. and Mrs. Bill Hood Mr. John DuMont Roger and Sally Jungclaus Mrs. Glenda L. Finnie Edwin Porubec Mr. Chan Mahanta Sharon Cratty Mr. Jordan Heiman Matis Family Mrs. Mary Hammer Dr. Paul Simon Michele and Ron Nuetze Acropolis Investment Kathleen Repole Ms. Judith Harmon Carl Ederle Russell Powers Kathy and Tom Rogers Management Mr. and Mrs. John Venneman Jan and Carl Hermann Ms. Ellen Soeteber Friends at WGHS Kate and Michael Haggans Diane Kohl

21 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Patricia Raven’s Aunt Robert Sivon Mr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Stolz Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Kopman Pat Hoffman Byrne Family Dr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Woolsey Ruth Sivon Jack Thomas Family Tom and Patty Laughlin Byrne Family Butterfly John Rayne Mrs. Estalee Smith Mr. Leon Strunk Mr. Howard Wilkinson, Jr. Jack DuMont House Laura and Ed Crites Ms. Carol Gruen Ms. Ruth Fuller Mrs. Catherine Alford Ms. Debra DuMont July–September 2015. Mr. Edgar Reavis Ms. Ruth Snyder Mr. Andy Sudkamp Jacqueline Feldewerth Call (314) 577-5118 or visit Christine Hughes Ms. Ruth Hardin Mrs. Dolores M. Wente Members’ Don Feldewerth www.butterflyhouse.org/ Mrs. Janet Reiss Rose Spurza Mrs. Saundra Templeton Entry Court Ron A. Fielder donate to learn more. Mike and Maggie Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Ron DeFilippis Mr. and Mrs. Gary Engel July–September 2015. Ms. Carol Becker Dennis Rives Ellen Bern and Barry Mizes Dr. and Mrs. James Wellman Ms. Pat Benefield Pavers For more information, call Mrs. Gloria Besterfield Lois Schneberger Mr. Albert Stemmler Mrs. Helen Tennyson Smith Ernesto Eden Fajuri (314) 577-5118 or visit Mr. and Mrs. Harry Reineke Ms. Andrea Tichenor Phyllis L. Weber Mr. and Mrs. Charles D’Arcy Fox Mrs. Sharon Robinson www.mobot.org/donate. George Vits Tina Gearhart Mr. Robert G. Stolz Andres Tobar Paddy Wrob Troy and Gay Kendrick Mr. Richard Rosenthal Bill Fellenz Lisa Z. Tobar Bronze Bricks Mrs. Holly Bird Mrs. Barbara Drey Jacqueline Marie Mr. Quintus L. Drennan, Jr. Mary Underwood Joe Malik John and Laura Haffenreffer Jackie Juras Joseph Courtois Mr. Harris Frank Scottrade, Inc. St. Louis Master Gardeners Karen Abernathy Malik Irvin and Joan Levy Stephen and Susan Hall StellarRAD Systems Winifred O’Connell Ramona Menscher Carolyn and Joseph Losos Mr. Robert Hansen Mary Anne Lucas Pat and Jim McNulty Judith LaBarge Mrs. Suzanne Walls Timothy and Beth Bates Nan McCabe Mr. and Mrs. Paul Putzel Kathleen Dollar Mrs. Sylvia Parkus Ms. Jean Lange Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Lucas William T. Moorman Judy Rawdon Mr. and Mrs. Jim Gaston Dr. Ronni Lodato Ms. Nancy Sachar Jim and Terry Lucas Jennifer and Ryan Blum Ms. Lucy Moorman Mr. Kenneth Marshall Colleen Kelly Kelley Lucas Burke Pogo Quirk Mrs. Nora Stern Ms. Mike Patten Mr. and Mrs. Charles N. McAlpin Carole and Bob Kirby Gary Lucas Lynne Buckley-Quirk Julie Rodgers Mrs. Nancy Seitz Mr. and Mrs. James S. Betty Luecke Family Verna Lillian Rogers Mrs. Viola Brinkmann McDonnell III Janet Norvell Engraved Ronna Moran Sandy Reagan Tiefenbrun Kimball and Lisa McMullin Mr. and Mrs. William Wilhelms Michelle Reagan Dorothy Shores Clay Bricks Kathie Sporich Mr. and Mrs. Donald Terri and Sal Ciccolella Mrs. Marguerite Weisbrod Paula Wood and Donna McKenzie Natalie Timm Nonnenkamp Melanie Boelter Mr. Perry L. Shumard Mr. and Mrs. Harry Amann Sam and Carol Powell Mr. and Mrs. James L. Nouss, Jr. Friends at RGA Beverly and Jim Wilcox Mrs. Yu Chen Shumard Mr. William K. Becker Mr. and Mrs. Raymond W. Missouri Botanical Garden Edward Van Voorn Mr. Blanton Whitmire Mrs. Esther Bowman Fabian Sickles Peters II Mimi Ladendecker Harriet Baron and Emily Ms. Stephanie M. Meyer Agnes and Susie Zalaudek Bruce and Gail Wortmann Plancorp, Inc. Baron Bernstein Susan Zalaudek Rosemary, Debbie, and Greg Stolz

A Tribute to Volunteer Spirit When Jackie Juras retired from her 14 years as the Garden’s Volunteer Program Manager, one of her last acts was to make a commemorative tribute gift in honor of the Garden’s dedicated volunteers. This gift, she explained, was “in celebration of their incredible generosity of spirit, passion for, and commitment to the Garden.” Garden volunteers are an incredible group of talented individuals. They support all aspects of the Garden’s mission, from answering visitor questions and leading tours to pruning roses and mounting herbarium specimens. Together, they do the work of 76 additional, full-time staff members. The Garden would not be the world-leading cultural center it is today without their contributions. The Garden would like to take this opportunity to echo Jackie’s sentiments and express our gratitude for our incredible volunteers. Diane Grubbs (left), President of the St. Louis Master Gardener Advisory Council, presents a symbolic brick Join the team! The Garden always has a variety of opportunities for gift to Jackie Juras (right), Volunteer Manager at the volunteers, even over the winter months. Visit www.mobot.org/volunteer Garden, at her retirement party in September. to learn more. (photo by Claire Cohen)

22 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 Heritage Society

John and Ann Bieller: Maintaining the Future A visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden takes you through a variety of landscapes from across the globe— and that’s one of the main things John and Ann Bieller like about it. Both of them have memories of visiting the Garden as children with school and family, and they enjoyed coming together as a young married couple. “I remember the construction of the Climatron® and visiting the Desert House too,” John says. “Later in life, when we travelled, it was so interesting to see those same plants in their native environments.” The Garden engaged John and Ann with the diversity of the botanical world. It also helped John in his professional life. In the 1960s, he worked with Ameren as an assistant gardener and retired many years later as the manager of forestry. Throughout his career, he connected with Garden experts for advice. “I got to know a lot of great people on the Garden staff, like Ben Chu and Steve Kline,” John says. “In turn, I was able to connect Ameren to some great projects at the Garden. Ameren was involved with the Ameren Groundcover Border and supported the development of the [William T.] Kemper Center for Home Gardening.” The couple enjoys taking out-of-town friends to the Garden and the Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House, where they particularly appreciate the development of the outdoor native butterfly garden. They also understand the Garden’s role beyond our community. “As much as I like seeing my money working locally,” John says, “I also appreciate Create a legacy the Garden’s work outside the country.” Ann shared an example after Many of the Garden’s closest friends choose to support the Garden a visit to Peru a few years ago. “We were staying at an eco-lodge and beyond their lifetimes with a planned exploring the upper Amazon,” she says. “Our guide was telling our gift as a part of the Heritage Society. group about a researcher from the United States who was working on These special gifts: projects with the local people. The team was very excited about a plant • build on the gift of Garden founder that had been discovered in the region that might have cancer-fighting Henry Shaw. properties. That researcher was from the Missouri Botanical Garden.” John and Ann enjoy watching the Garden grow through the years. • come in a variety of types and sizes. “We had the Garden in our will for a long time,” John says, “but • offer many benefits to the donor. we didn’t think to say so. We appreciate seeing the Garden so well • create a legacy with the Garden maintained, the history preserved at the same time new things are that lasts beyond your lifetime. added—like reopening Shaw’s Museum and creating Garden Glow. To learn more about the types of We want to see things keep going, and for us, that means joining planned gifts, visit www.mobot.org/ the Heritage Society.” Ann agrees, “For me, it’s giving back to the plannedgiving. For more information community and understanding what I’ve gotten out of it. There’s a about the Heritage Society or to quote about this in the Carver Garden that resonates with me.” That discuss a planned gift, please contact quote, by George Washington Carver, is: “No individual has any right Joyce Pluhar at (314) 577-5199 or to come into the world and go out of it without leaving behind him [email protected].

photos by Kristine Gruver Josh Nezam and distinct and legitimate reasons for having passed through it.”

23 Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin Winter 2015–2016 PERIODICALS M i s s o u r i B o t a n i c a l G a r d e n POSTAGE PAID AT P.O. Box 299 • St. Louis, MO 63166–0299 ST. LOUIS, MO Go Paperless, Go Green! The Missouri Botanical Garden strives to make the most sustainable choices possible to benefit people, plants, and the planet. That’s why we offer an interactive online version of the Bulletin as well as a downloadable PDF. Sign up for the new electronic versions by sending an email to [email protected]. Let us know if you’d like to forego your paper subscription to save trees. You can also send an email to [email protected] if: q Your name is misspelled q Your address is incorrect q You receive more than one copy q You no longer wish to receive the Bulletin

ORCHID SHOW February 6–March 27 www.mobot.org/orchidshow photo by Hayden Andrews by photo