Voci Celesti Himmlische Stimmen

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Voci Celesti Himmlische Stimmen Voci celesti Himmlische Stimmen SALZBURGER FESTSPIELE PFINGSTEN 7.—10. JUNI 2019 SALZBURGER FESTSPIELE PFINGSTEN 2019 SALZBURGER FESTSPIELE PFINGSTEN 2019 Freitag, 7. Juni Sonntag, 9. Juni 18:30 | Haus für Mozart 11:00 | Stiftung Mozarteum — Großer Saal Direktorium Helga Rabl-Stadler OPER Seite 14 ORATORIUM Seite 20 Markus Hinterhäuser GEORG FRIEDRICH HÄNDEL ANTONIO CALDARA Lukas Crepaz ALCINA LA MORTE D’ABEL Gianluca Capuano · Damiano Michieletto Gianluca Capuano Cecilia Bartoli · Philippe Jaroussky · Sandrine Piau · Nahuel Di Pierro · Julie Fuchs · Christophe Dumaux · Künstlerische Leitung Kristina Hammarström · Christoph Strehl · Alastair Miles Lea Desandre · Nuria Rial Cecilia Bartoli Les Musiciens du Prince — Monaco · Bachchor Salzburg Il canto di Orfeo · Bachchor Salzburg 15:00 | DAS KINO Samstag, 8. Juni FILM FARINELLI — IL CASTRATO Seite 29 11:00 | SalzburgKulisse PODIUMSGESPRÄCH Seite 28 16:00 | Haus für Mozart HIMMLISCHE STIMMEN ALCINA siehe 7. Juni Seite 14 Jürgen Kesting · Jochen Kowalski · Corinna Herr · Bernhard Richter 21:00 | Kollegienkirche KIRCHENKONZERT Seite 22 12:00 | DAS KINO ARVO PÄRT FILM FARINELLI — IL CASTRATO Seite 29 STABAT MATER sowie Werke von GIACINTO SCELSI und ARVO PÄRT 15:00 | Felsenreitschule The Tallis Scholars · Peter Phillips OPER Seite 16 NICOLA PORPORA POLIFEMO Montag, 10. Juni George Petrou · Max Emanuel Cencic 11:00 | Stiftung Mozarteum — Großer Saal Yuriy Mynenko · Max Emanuel Cencic · Pavel Kudinov · GEISTLICHES KONZERT Seite 24 Julia Lezhneva · Dilyara Idrisova · Nian Wang GIOVANNI BATTISTA PERGOLESI Armonia Atenea · Bachchor Salzburg STABAT MATER sowie Werke von ANTONIO VIVALDI 20:00 | Großes Festspielhaus Andrés Gabetta GALAKONZERT Seite 18 Cecilia Bartoli · Franco Fagioli · Cappella Gabetta FARINELLI & FRIENDS Gianluca Capuano · Rolando Villazón 16:00 | Dom Julie Fuchs · Patricia Petibon · Sandrine Piau · Nuria Rial · Seite 26 Cecilia Bartoli · Lea Desandre · Vivica Genaux · DOMKONZERT Ann Hallenberg · Marie-Nicole Lemieux · CAPPELLA MUSICALE PONTIFICIA SISTINA Christophe Dumaux · Philippe Jaroussky PALESTRINA · LASSO · NANINO · ALLEGRI · VICTORIA Les Musiciens du Prince — Monaco Massimo Palombella supported by VORWORT One God, one Farinelli… Seit einer ganzen Weile erwäge ich, die Pfingstfestspiele für diese Stimmen in der Geschichte der klassischen Musik der Kunst der großen Kastraten zu widmen. Es ist kein Zufall, erlebte. Zugleich möchten wir zeigen, welchen nachhaltigen dass ich diese Idee gerade jetzt realisieren kann, wo die Eindruck die Musik und der Gesang der Kastraten auf die Dis kussion über die Unversehrtheit von Künstlern allgegen- Musikliebhaber der damaligen Zeit machten. wärtig ist. In den 1730er Jahren war London eine der wichtigsten In Europa gab es spätestens seit dem 12. Jahrhundert Kas- Opernstädte der Welt und Georg Friedrich Händel einer ihrer traten, und Alessandro Moreschi, von dem wir Tonaufnahmen prominentesten Akteure. Doch 1733 überwarf sich Händel mit besitzen, sang noch bis 1913 im Chor der Sixtinischen Kapelle. seinem Starkastraten Senesino, der daraufhin der Royal Aca- Eine fürchterliche Tradition, die über Jahrhunderte gepflegt demy of Music den Rücken kehrte. Für Senesino wurde eine und nur selten in Frage gestellt wurde: Im Namen der Kunst neue, konkurrierende Opernunternehmung ins Leben gerufen, verstümmelte man Tausende von Knaben, mit dem profitablen die Opera of the Nobility, zu deren Ensemble auch der Kompo- und für manche Menschen recht angenehmen Nebeneffekt, nist Nicola Porpora gehörte und ein neuer Megastar namens dass ihre Lust gedämpft wurde. Genau wie heute missbrauch- Carlo Broschi, bekannt als „Farinelli“. Das Londoner Publikum ten Menschen ihre Machtposition unter dem Vorwand, hilflosen war außer sich vor Begeisterung und wandte sich von Händel Zum ersten Mal seit 1735 kann unser Publikum Händels zu entdecken. Das für Farinelli komponierte Werk hat zudem Kindern eine berufliche Zukunft zu bieten. Oft blieb den Eltern ab. Bei einer Vorstellung fiel angeblich eine adelige Dame mit Oper im direkten Vergleich mit Porporas Konkurrenzstück einen direkten Bezug zu Österreich: Uraufgeführt wurde es keine andere Wahl als einzuwilligen, in der Hoffnung, dass die dem Ausruf „One God, one Farinelli“ in Ohnmacht, der zum Polifemo erleben. Uraufgeführt zweieinhalb Monate vor Alcina 1732 in der Wiener Hofburgkapelle. finanzielle Entschädigung, mochte sie auch noch so klein sein, geflügelten Wort wurde. William Hogarth hat diese Szene in mit Farinelli als Star, enthält diese Oper die wunderschöne Arie Der Film Farinelli steht natürlich auch auf unserem Pro- ihnen ein besseres Leben ermöglichen werde. seinem Bilderzyklus A Rake’s Progress verewigt. „Alto Giove“. In Salzburg singen in diesem Werk unter anderen gramm, und wir planen ein Podiumsgespräch über die „himm- Vor diesem Hintergrund überlegte ich, ob man die künstle- In den nächsten vier Jahren lieferten sich Händels Royal Max Emanuel Cencic und Julia Lezhneva. lischen Stimmen“ der Kastraten, auf deren Gesangstradition die rischen Großtaten dieser Epoche überhaupt feiern und diese Academy und die Opera of the Nobility eine erbitterte Schlacht Das Konzertprogramm der Pfingstfestspiele spannt einen Virtuosität der westlichen Musik fußt. Musikstücke aufführen soll. Für mich liegt die Antwort auf der um die Gunst der Londoner Opernfreunde. Dieser Wettstreit Bogen von der jahrhundertealten Überlieferung der Vokal- Glanzvoller Höhepunkt dieses Pfingstwochenendes, an Hand: Ja, absolut. Aber man muss das Phänomen auch aus zeitigte zwar Musikwerke von allererster Güte, endete aber in polyphonie des Päpstlichen Chores der Sixtinischen Kapelle dem wir die Kunst der Kastraten feiern, ist ein Galakonzert mit anderen Blickwinkeln beleuchten und den problematischen einer finanziellen Katastrophe, mit der auch die Vorherrschaft zu Pergolesis berührendem Stabat Mater, auf das wiederum einigen der besten Barocksänger unserer Zeit, bei dem Prima- Kontext zur Diskussion stellen. der italienischen Oper in London zu Ende ging. Arvo Pärt und Giacinto Scelsi als Komponisten unserer Zeit donnen und Primi uomini miteinander wetteifern. Schließlich Man mag sich fragen, wie das Leben von Menschen wie Wir möchten diese atemberaubende Musik wiederauferste- antworten. Somit beleuchten wir auch die Tradition geistlicher spielten in der Epoche der Kastraten auch viele Sängerinnen Farinelli oder Senesino verlaufen wäre, hätten sie nicht diese hen lassen, ohne den Ruin zu riskieren. In unserem Programm Musik für hohe Stimmen in verschiedenen Epochen. Gleich- eine bedeutende Rolle! Einige von ihnen, darunter Francesca „unglaubliche Chance“ bekommen, die erfolgreichsten Sänger finden sich Meisterwerke, die schon das Publikum des 18. Jahr- zeitig zeigen wir, wie sich die Behandlung der Kastratenstimme Cuzzoni, waren so geschäftstüchtig, dass sie sowohl bei der ihrer Zeit zu werden. Hätten sie ihr Dasein als Landarbeiter auf hunderts begeisterten. Gleichzeitig wollen wir einen Überblick Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts veränderte, weg von atemberau- Royal Academy of Music auftraten als auch bei der Opera of einem süditalienischen Feld gefristet? Wären sie vielleicht noch über die Kunst der Kastraten geben. bender Virtuosität, hin zu einem affektbetonten Stil, dem es the Nobility, so lange die italienische Oper in London noch für als Kinder an Hunger gestorben? Hätten sie geheiratet und um Textausdeutung ging. volle Häuser sorgte. glücklich und zufrieden gelebt? Im Zentrum unseres viertägigen Festspiels steht Alcina, eine Es wird eine Reihe von Konzerten geben, bei denen große von Händels schönsten Opern, in einer Neuinszenierung von Solisten das Repertoire einiger der berühmtesten Kastraten Ich möchte die Salzburger Pfingstfestspiele 2019 dem An- Damiano Michieletto mit Gianluca Capuano und Les Musiciens der Händel-Zeit präsentieren. Ein selten gespieltes Juwel der denken an die Kastraten widmen. Wir konzentrieren uns dabei du Prince. Zur Besetzung gehören Philippe Jaroussky, Sandrine geistlichen Musik gilt es mit Antonio Caldaras wundervollem auf den letzten, glanzvollen Höhepunkt, den die Begeisterung Piau und ich selbst. Oratorium La morte d’Abel auf einen Text von Pietro Metastasio Cecilia Bartoli 2 3 WELCOME On the floor lies a picture representing Farinelli seated One God, one Farinelli… on a pedestal, with an altar before him, on which are several flaming hearts; near which stand a number of people with their arms extended, offering him presents: at the foot of the altar is one lady kneeling, tendering her heart, from whose mouth a label issues, inscribed ‘One God, one Farinelli;’ alluding to a lady of distinction, who being charmed with a particular passage in one of his songs, uttered aloud from the boxes that impious exclamation. For a while, I have been thinking about dedicating one of I will pay homage to the castrati at the 2019 Salzburg Whitsun Sir John Hawkins the Whitsun Festivals to the art of the great castrati. It is no Festival. Being a festival of music, I would also like to focus on coincidence that I can realize the idea now, when discussions the moment of artistic climax and, in a way, the begin ning of about the abuse of the bodily integrity of artists have become the end of the castrato craze in classical music history. I hope so topical. to show how castrati made such a huge impact on music lovers Castrati had existed as a phenomenon in Europe since at of the day, through their music and their singing. least the 12th century and Alessandro Moreschi, of whom we In the 1730s, London was one of the operatic
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