DOCSLIB.ORG

Maryunani, Salfitrie Roos. 2019. The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maryunani, Salfitrie Roos. 2019. The Maryunani, Salfitrie Roos. 2019. The Making of a Creative City: Bandung and Its Creative Indus- tries Ecosystem. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London [Thesis] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/27684/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] THE MAKING OF A CREATIVE CITY: BANDUNG AND ITS CREATIVE INDUSTRIES ECOSYSTEM By: Salfitrie Roos Maryunani 33167580 A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy Institute for Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship Goldsmiths University of London 2018 DECLARATION Declaration of Authorship I, Salfitrie Roos Maryunani, declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Signed: Salfitrie Roos Maryunani Date: 21 March 2018 1 Acknowledgment All the praises and thanks be to Allah who is the Lord of the worlds, that I finally have completed doing my MPhil. It is my pleasure to acknowledge the roles of several individuals who are instrumental for completion of this research. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Michael Hitchcock, for the guidance and supervision as well as providing invaluable information regarding this research and the support in completing this endeavour. Also to Prof. Gerald Lidstone, for imparting his knowledge and expertise to this study. Not to mention to Mr. Dwi Larso, PhD, for introducing me to the whole new level of education at Goldsmiths. And ultimately to Prof. Bill Watson, whom I am highly indebted for his continuous guidance during the ‘injury time’ of my writing process. This work would not materialise without the support of the scholarship from Directorate General of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education and Culture Republic Indonesia and also from my home institution, the School of Business and Management – Institut Teknologi Bandung. A special thanks to my fellow friends in the committee, in alphabetical order, Amilia Wulansari, Dina Dellyana, Isti R. Mirzanti, Melia Famiola, R. Bayuningrat Hardjakaprabon, Sonny Rustiadi, and Yulianto, who in one way or another have shared their support and friendship, both personally and professionally. My heartfelt appreciation to my mother, Koeshariyani, and my sisters, Riski Sinar Respati and Sekar Arrum Nuswantari, whose unconditional loves and never-ending prayers have kept me going through all the adversities. And essentially to my husband, Muhammad Ibrahim Saify, thank you for your patience and understanding all these years, and to my son, Eldiaz Salman Koeshandika, thank you for the adventures of a lifetime. I love you both for evermore. 2 Abstract This thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the context and internal dynamics of creative industries and their relationship with cities, using the case of Bandung. The principal idea underlying the research is that we need to think longer and harder about creative industries than has so far been the case. We need to reflect on how these industries have grown up and what has been the strategic thinking underpinning their development. In the context of Bandung that means we have to look at factors relating both to the historical and socio-cultural background of the city and to the impact of government policy in recent years. The research employs a mixed methodology. The literature reviewed reflects on what has taken place in other countries, and how we can learn from ideas and theories that have been developed by other writers. In Bandung itself in-depth interviews were conducted with several influential figures: with the entrepreneurs in creative businesses; representatives of the government, those responsible for policies that affect the creative industries, representatives of creative-based communities, and academics. The thesis identifies the principal policies that have helped underpin Bandung’s creative industries development, as well as the key players and people of influence in formulating and implementing these policies. It also describes the ways which the geographical location of the city, its socio-economic development over time, and its significance as a major centre of higher education have all been instrumental to its growth as a hub of creative industries. However, the thesis notes that Bandung’s development has been uneven and that there is still much that the government can do, in particular in the areas indicated in the conclusion. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgment ................................................................................................. 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ....................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ........................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 9 Background to this Research ..................................................................................... 11 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 17 Theoretical Background .................................................................................................. 17 Bandung .......................................................................................................................... 20 Research Issues ............................................................................................................... 24 Research Contribution to Knowledge and Originality .................................................... 27 Chapter 2 – THEORETICAL, HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL BACKGROUND .............. 30 Cultural and Creative Industries: a Review of the Terminology................................... 30 The Creative City Notion ........................................................................................... 35 The Beginning of the Creative Industries in the UK .................................................... 39 Indonesia's Creative Economy ................................................................................... 41 Indonesia's Creative Industries ................................................................................. 46 Bandung as a ‘Creative City’ ...................................................................................... 48 Understanding the Concept of the Creative City ........................................................ 52 Assessment on the Creative City Concept in Indonesian Context ................................ 61 Framework in Developing Creative Entrepreneurship in Bandung .............................. 64 Hard Infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 65 Soft Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 66 Somewhere in Between.................................................................................................. 68 City and Urban Settlement........................................................................................ 70 Policy in Urban and Cultural Context ......................................................................... 73 Urban Regeneration in Developed and Developing Countries .................................... 78 US and British Examples ................................................................................................. 78 The Adaptation of Western Models ............................................................................... 80 Chapter 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ....................................................................... 85 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 85 Literature Relating to Historical Context ........................................................................ 85 Theoretical Literature ..................................................................................................... 85 Primary Published Materials ..................................................................................... 90 Interviews with Participants in the Creative Industries in Bandung ............................ 91 Additional Comments on Methodology ..................................................................... 95 Chapter 4 – THE CREATIVE CITY OF BANDUNG, INDONESIA IN ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT ........................................................................................................... 96 4 The Development of Indonesia in the 20th Century .................................................... 96 Economic Development .................................................................................................. 96 Politics ........................................................................................................................... 100 Social and Urban Elements ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pop Melayu Vs. Pop Indonesia: New Interpretations of a Genre Into the 2000S
    CHAPTER SIX POP MELAYU VS. POP INDONESIA: NEW INTERPRETATIONS OF A GENRE INTO THE 2000S Emma Baulch Introduction This chapter presents the rise to national fame of the pop Melayu band, Kangen Band, as an example of reclaiming of the derisive term kampun- gan. In it, I argue that this reclaiming represents an interesting case of genre manipulation, and consider what this can reveal about how Indonesian pop genres are constituted, what they ‘are’ and what they ‘do’. In so doing, I seek to rework existing scholarship relating to Indonesian pop genres and modernity, as well as interrogate some broader theories of genre. In this essay, I extend the argument that Indonesian pop genres are not purely technical categories, they touch on myths of class and nation (Wallach 2008; Weintraub 2010; Yampolsky 1989). As we shall see, in the New Order period, pop music genres reached out to these myths by posi- tioning themselves variously vis-à-vis the capital city, Jakarta. Such posi- tioning, achieved through use of the terms gedongan (a term that strives to infer refinement by stressing the non-masses’ central position in the urban environment) and kampungan (a term that strives to enforce sub- alterns’ marginal position in relation to the metropolis, see also the previ- ous contribution by Weintraub), continues to haunt the constitution of genre in the post-New Order period, but in novel ways. These novel ways, I argue, may be seen to result from industrial transformation and new systems of knowledge production. The Contentious Rise of Pop Melayu In the middle years of this decade, a group of youths from the provincial city, Lampung, in Southern Sumatera gathered together and began busk- ing outside of their day jobs (as pushcart traders, construction workers), then staging more formal performances at music festivals in their home © Emma Baulch, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Bandung Conference and Its Constellation: an Introdu Ction
    BANDUNG LEGACY AND GLOBAL FUTURE: New Insights and Emerging Forces, New Delhi, Aakar Book s , 2018, pp. 1 - 20. 1 /20 Bandung Conference and its Constellation: An Introdu ction Darwis Khudori 2015 is the year of the 60 th anniversary of the 1955 Bandung Asian - African Conference. Several events were organised in diverse countries along the year 2014 - 2015 in order to commemorate this turning point of world history. In Euro pe, two of the most prestigious universities in the world organised special seminars open to public for this purpose: The University of Paris 1 Pantheon - Sorbonne, Bandung 60 ans après : quel bilan ? (Bandung 60 Years on: What Assessment?), June 27, 2014, a nd Leiden - based academic institutions, Bandung at 60: Towards a Genealogy of the Global Present , June 18, 2015. In Africa, two events echoing the Bandung Conference are worth mentioning: The World Social Forum, Tunisia, March 25 - 28, 2015, and The Conferenc e Africa - Asia: A New Axis of Knowledge, Accra, Ghana, September 24 - 26, 2015. In Latin America, the Journal America Latina en movimiento published an issue titled 60 años después Vigencia del espíritu de Bandung, mayo 2015. In USA, a panel on Bandung +60: L egacies and Contradictions was organised by the International Studies Association in New Orleans, February 18, 2015. In Asia, China Academy of Arts, Inter - Asia School, and Center for Asia - Pacific/Cultural Studies, Chiao Tung University, Hangzhou, organised a conference on BANDUNG – Third World 60 Years, April 18 - 19, 2015. On the same dates, a conference on Vision of Bandung after 60 years: Facing New Challenges was organised by AAPSO (Afro - Asian People’s Solidarity Organisation) in Kathmandu, Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • When the City Forest Is Ours: Urban Environmentalism and Youth in Bandung, Indonesia
    When the City Forest is Ours: Urban Environmentalism and Youth in Bandung, Indonesia Meredian Alam MPhil (Univ. of Oslo), MA (UGM), BSocSc(Hons.) (UGM) Student Number: 3197024 Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and Anthropology School of Humanities and Social Science Faculty of Education and Arts The University of Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia September 2017 This research was supported by UNIPRS and UNRSC 50:50 Scholarship Declarations Statement of Originality The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Signed Meredian Alam Published Material Portions of this research thesis have been published in the following journals and conference proceedings: Alam, M. and Nilan, P. (2015) Urban growth, youth and environmentalism driving Local Initiatives in Bandung,Indonesia, in T. Petray and A. Stephens (eds) Proceedings of The Australian Sociological Association Conference, Cairns, 23-26 November 2015. ISBN: 978-0-646-94798-3 Parts of this paper appear in Chapter 1 Alam, M. (2016) Politicised space and contentious youth in urban environmentalism in Indonesia. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Culture and Society 8(1), pp.1-12.
    [Show full text]
  • Pengaruh Music Rock and Roll Amerika Terhadap Budaya
    1 PENGARUH MUSIC ROCK AND ROLL AMERIKA TERHADAP BUDAYA MUSIK ROCK DI INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 1968 - 1978 A. Latar belakang Pada pertengahan dekade 1950-an berkembang jenis musik rock ’n roll yang dipopulerkan oleh Bill Haley and The Comet dan Elvis Presleydi Amerika.1 Melalui medium kepingan piringan hitam, radio, dan film, musik rock ’n roll masuk ke Indonesia dan menjadi populer di kalangan anak-anak muda golongan menengah yang tinggal di kota besar yang pada waktu itu jumlahnya sangat terbatas. Dalam perkembangannya, pada dekade 1960-an pengaruh musik rock ’n roll diperkuat dengan masuknya grup-grup musik asal Inggris seperti Rolling Stone, The Beatles, dan sebagainya yang kemudian dikenal sebagai gerakan musik British Invasion. Pada awal dekade 1960-an, anak-anak yang tinggal di kota besar yang mampu untuk membeli peralatan musik mulai membentuk grup musik dan menyanyikan lagu-lagu dari grup musik yang menjadi panutannya yang mereka dengar dari kepingan piringan hitam dan radio seperti Everly Brothers atau pun irama jenis baru (rock ’n roll) dari The Beatles. Los Suita, Eka Djaya Combo, Dara Puspita dan Koes Bersaudara adalah beberapa grup musik yang melakukan hal ini. Menjelang pertengahan dekade 1960-an grup-grup musik itu mulai menciptakan dan menyanyikan lagu sendiri yang jelas terpengaruh oleh lagu-lagu asing yang sering 1Otto Werner, The Origin and Development of Jazz (Colorado State University: Kendal/Hunt Pubilising Company, 1994), hlm. 171. Istilah rock ’n roll biasanya diartikan seperti suatu sintesis antara musik blues, country, dan balada (terutama dari orang kulit putih) yang muncul pada pertengahan dekade 1950-an di Amerika Serikat.
    [Show full text]
  • A Choice Between Being Conserve Or Demolish: First Baptist Church Building Bandung
    IJoBES: Vol 1, Nomor 2. Desember 2019 A Choice between Being Conserve or Demolish: First Baptist Church Building Bandung Shirley Wahadamaputera1, Dian Duhita Permata2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil and Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRACT : The grandeur of the old buildings is relics of the Dutch colonial time, which still stands in Bandung city which leads us to the heyday of the city's achievements history. A city that was once proposed to be the capital of the Dutch East Indies to replace Batavia gets the interest of famous Dutch architects to come and work in this city. The results of the architects' innovation, enrich as a real dictionary of the architectural style of the past. Today these buildings have to face the challenges of the age, the inability of the owner to finance the maintenance, being moved to the hand of investors who are not responsible to the value of the past, and the lack of public interest since the modern building is more preferred and lack of government regulation as well. To get an idea of how a private -controlled building being preserved, a building at Wastukencana 40 Bandung which listed into the 99 historic buildings in the City Center area according to the Spatial Plan Regulations is taken as a case to be studied. This study shows that real action and sympathetic socialisation were needed to preserve a heritage building. Keywords : adaptive reuse, conservation, historic building, process INTRODUCTION The Dutch colonial period in Indonesia can be seen clearly through the abandoned buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • “Europa in De Tropen”, the Colonial Tourism and Urban Culture in Bandung
    Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jadu E-ISSN: 2620-9810 Vol 2 No 2: May 2020 pp. 15-23 “Europa in de Tropen”, The Colonial Tourism and Urban Culture in Bandung Rahmia Nurwulandari*, Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan Department of Architecture, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] Article info: Received: 28-01-2020, Revised: 28-04-2020, Accepted: 29-04-2020 Abstract. Bandung experienced a rapid urban development after 1918, when the city was prepared to be the new Dutch East Indies’ capital city, replacing Batavia. In the era of economic liberalization, Bandung also became one of the tourist destinations that has promoted by the businessmen. This paper is a study on how mass tourism as the new urban culture in the beginning of 20th century had a contribution to urban planning in Bandung. The timeline was after the establishment of train as a modern transportation in Bandung (1884) until the end of the Dutch Colonialism in Dutch East Indies (1942). Through the Georg Simmel's theory of sociology and the city, This paper tried to analyze the the tourism activity and its relations to the 20th century urban architecture in Bandung, West Java. This paper used the method that was introduced by Iain Borden and friends in The Unknown City to understand tourism and urban history of Bandung through the spatial practice, city representation and experiences. The result showed that the tourism activity did not have a direct relation to urban planning of Bandung, but the elite middle class community activity had some significance contributions to increase the quality of aesthetic on the city.
    [Show full text]
  • SOEMARDI Bandung As a Creative City
    International Seminar on Urban Culture - Arte-Polis: Creative Culture and the Making of Place - Bandung, 21-22 July 2006 BANDUNG AS A CREATIVE CITY: VISIONS ON CREATIVE CULTURE AND THE MAKING OF PLACE AHMAD RIDA SOEMARDI Lecturer, Department of Architecture - School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development - Institute of Technology Bandung - INDONESIA Emails: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT There is now greater understanding of the role of the cultural economy in urban development. Discourse on the nexus between creative culture and place-making have been enriched with recent publications such as The Creative City (Landry, 2000) and The Rise of the Creative Class (Florida, 2002). What remain lacking are critical examinations of these ideas and empirical knowledge from different cultural contexts, particularly of cities in developing countries. As Indonesia’s fourth largest city with a population of over 2 million, Bandung has long historical development of creative culture, where a society involved in creative-based activities and an abundance of educational institutions have become its greatest asset. With the decline in textile manufacturing, Bandung began developing high-technology industries (aircraft and microelectronics) and more recently, information technology related facilities. Home to nearly fifty universities including Institute of Technology Bandung - the country’s most prestigious school for engineering, architecture and fine arts - it exemplifies the role of universities in providing human resources for various creative-based and IT-related industries in the region. The city also has numerous major art galleries as well as independent studios for multimedia, animation and music recording. In essence, Bandung has the potential to play a major role in the creative economy, towards the vision of a ‘creative city’.
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetacišn 1
    Creative culture and Urban Planning: The Bandung experience Ahmad Rida Soemardi Irendra Radjawali Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia There is greater understanding on the cultural economy of cities and its role in the development of planning policy. Discourses on the nexus between creative culture and urban planning have been enriched with recent publications such as The Rise of the Creative Class (Florida, 2002) and The Creative City (Landry, 2000). What remains lacking are critical examinations of these planning models and empirical knowledge from different cultural contexts, particularly of cities in developing countries. As Indonesia’s fourth largest city with a population of approximately 2 million in 2000, Bandung has a long history of local culture where a society involved in creative-based activities and an abundance of educational institutions have become its greatest asset. With the decline in its textile manufacturing, Bandung began developing high-technology industries (aircraft and microelectronics) and more recently, information technology related facilities. Home to nearly fifty universities including Institute of Technology Bandung - the country’s most prestigious school for engineering, architecture and fine arts - it exemplifies the role of universities in providing human resources for various creative-based and IT-related industries in the region. The city has over 15 major art galleries and numerous independent studios for multimedia, animation and music recording. In essence, Bandung has the potential to play a major role in the cultural-symbolic economy, towards the true objectives of a ‘service city’. The combination of creative-based cultural industries with information technology provides synergies that require the support of strategic urban planning policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Larangan Soekarno Terhadap Musik Barat Tahun 1959-1967
    AVATARA, e-Journal Pendidikan Sejarah Volume 2, No 3, Oktober 2014 LARANGAN SOEKARNO TERHADAP MUSIK BARAT TAHUN 1959-1967 Ayu Pertiwi Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Surabaya E-Mail: [email protected] Nasution Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Surabaya Abstrak Musik Barat merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebutkan musik yang mendapatkan pengaruh dari negara Barat, khususnya Amerika dan Inggris. Musik hiburan yang berkembang di Indonesia pada tahun 1950-an tidak lepas dari pengaruh kebudayaan barat, terutama AS dan Inggris. Pengaruh yang ditimbulkan dari budaya Barat tidak hanya dalam musik saja, namun mengubah gaya dan perilaku masyarakat Indonesia menjadi kebarat-baratan. Hal ini mengakibatkan Presiden Republik Indonesia, Soekarno, mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk melarang peredaran musik Barat di Indonesia. Larangan Soekarno terhadap Musik Barat tahun 1959-1967 dihadapkan pada beberapa permasalahan yaitu 1) Mengapa Soekarno melarang peredaran Musik Barat di Indonesia; 2) Bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan Soekarno dalam menghentikan pengaruh Musik Barat di Indonesia; 3) Bagaimana pengaruh adanya larangan Musik Barat terhadap kondisi musik di Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari 1) Heuristik melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara dan observasi; 2) Kritik sejarah, 3) Intepretasi; dan 4) Historiografi. Pada sekitar tahun 1959-1967, muncul larangan mengenai peredaran musik Barat di Indonesia. Hal ini berkaitan dengan Manifesto Politik Indonesia yang ditetapkan sebagai GBHN. Salah satu program Manipol adalah perjuangan untuk menentang imperialisme dan kolonialisme di Indonesia.Penentangan terhadap imperialisme dan kolonialisme inilah yang akhirnya menjadi dasar dari larangan terhadap musik barat. Pemerintah Indonesia ingin membabat habis pengaruh-pengaruh barat yang ada di Indonesia, termasuk dalam bidang musik.
    [Show full text]
  • The Limits of Jawaharlal Nehru's Asian Internationalism and Sino-Indian Relations, 1949-1959" (2015)
    Salem State University Digital Commons at Salem State University Graduate Theses Student Scholarship 2015 The Limits of Jawaharlal Nehru's Asian Internationalism and Sino- Indian Relations, 1949-1959 Rosie Tan Segil Salem State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/graduate_theses Part of the Asian History Commons, Diplomatic History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Segil, Rosie Tan, "The Limits of Jawaharlal Nehru's Asian Internationalism and Sino-Indian Relations, 1949-1959" (2015). Graduate Theses. 14. https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/graduate_theses/14 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons at Salem State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at Salem State University. THE LIMITS OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU'S ASIAN INTERNATIONALISM Rosie Tan Segil Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY from SALEM STATE ITIVIVERSITY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL May 2015 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1 - 7 CHAPTER 1 — Panchsheel........................................................ 8 - 36 CHAPTER 2 —The 1955 Asian-African Conference in Bandung.......... 37 - 53 CONCLUSION .................................................................... 54 - 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................56 - 62 APPENDIX I — Sino-Indian Border Disputes...................................63 iv Introduction "Asiafascinates me, the long past ofAsia, the achievements ofAsia though millennia ofhistory, the troubled p~^esent o,f'Asia and the futut~e that is taking shape almost before our eyes."' - Jawaharlal Nehn► Long before Jawaharlal Nehru became India's first prime minister, he held a long fascination with Asian unity in which China and India would play a central role.
    [Show full text]
  • African Agenda
    ISSUE Vol. 18 No.2 2015 US$5.00 GB£3.00 €5.00 Find out what's on the African Agenda To subscribe, please fill in the form and post it to the address shown ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES (INDIVIDUALS) Africa & Global South $35.00 North America & Australia $55.00 Europe €55.00 The African continent is mostly reported as a land of poverty, civil strife and end- U.K £35.00 less lines of begging hands. Problems facing the continent are portrayed and communicated mostly by foreign eyes through the monopoly-controlled news Ghana GH¢9.00 media. Rarely are Africans themselves given a forum to highlight what they see as press- INSTITUTIONAL/ CORPORATE ing problems, and offer analyses and solutions to tackle the challenges. By pub- lishing African Agenda, Third World Network Africa aims to provide exactly that Africa & Global South $45.00 forum. Open your eyes and ears to an African perspective on critical issues such as trade, the environment, gender and sustainable development. North America & Australia $70.00 I wish to subscribe to AFRICAN AGENDA and I enclose Europe €70.00 A cheque/bank draft payable to Third World Network U.K £45.00 AMOUNT ………………………............................................................................................................................................………..............................................………............................................. NAME: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................………..............................................………..
    [Show full text]
  • Senior General Than Shwe Returns from Indonesia After Attending Asian-African Summit 2005, Commemoration of Golden Jubilee of Asia-Africa Conference
    Established 1914 Volume XIII, Number 10 3rd Waning of Tagu 1367 ME Tuesday, 26 April, 2005 Senior General Than Shwe returns from Indonesia after attending Asian-African Summit 2005, Commemoration of Golden Jubilee of Asia-Africa Conference YANGON, 25 April— Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe arrived back here by special flight of Myanmar Airways Inter- national this afternoon af- ter attending the Asian- African Summit 2005 and the Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of the Asia-Africa Conference held in Jakarta and Bandung from 22 to 24 April 2005 at the invita- tion of President of the Republic of Indonesia Dr Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The Myanmar del- egation led by Senior General Than Shwe was welcomed back at the Yangon International Air- port by Daw Kyaing Kyaing, wife of Senior General Than Shwe, Vice-Chairman of the Senior General Than Shwe being welcomed back at the Yangon International Airport after attending the Asian-African Summit State Peace and Develop- 2005 and the Commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of the Asia-Africa Conference held in Jakarta and Bandung.—MNA ment Council Deputy mander-in-Chief (Army) Daw Mya Mya San, Council General Thura Prime Minister Lt-Gen Khin Khin Win, wife Commander-in-Chief of Vice-Senior General member of the State Shwe Mann and wife Soe Win and wife Daw of Secretary-1 of the Defence Services Com- Maung Aye and wife Peace and Development Daw Khin Lay Thet, Than Than Nwe, Daw (See page 6) Political freedom without commensurate economic development and human security does not meet fully the aspirations of our peoples for a fairer and more equitable world YANGON, 25 April— The following is the full gle for independence.
    [Show full text]