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Poles in Lithuania Demographics

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NATIONAL COMMUNITIES IN LITHUANIA FACTS NUMBERS ACTIVITIES POLES IN LITHUANIA DEMOGRAPHICS Poles are the largest national minority in Lithuania. According to the data gathered during the National Population and Housing Census in 2011, there are 200 thousand Polish nationals, which represents 6.6% of the en- tire population (overall there are 2 814 696 inhabitants). If one compares the largest cities in Lithuania, the Polish minority in each city is as follows: Vilnius – over 88 thousand; Kaunas – approximately 1136; Klaipėda – 540; Šiauliai – 160; Panevėžys – 180. In some municipalities, the Polish minority forms the majority of residents. These are: the municipality of Šalčininkai district (77.8%), the Vilnius dis- trict municipality (52.1%), the Trakai district municipality (30.1%) and the Švenčionys district municipality (26%). The highest number of Polish mi- nority representatives can be found in the following cities: Šalčininkai Polish nationality/ County % overall number of population ALYTUS COUNTY 1,92% 3 029 / 157 766 Alytus city municipality 0,64% 384 / 59 964 Alytus district municipality 0,71% 201 / 28 167 Druskininkai district municipality 3,46% 755 / 21 803 Lazdijai district municipality 0,34% 77 / 22 455 Varėna district municipality 6,35% 1 612 / 25 377 UTENA COUNTY 4,03% 6 126 / 152 004 Anykščiai district municipality 0,34% 97 / 28 668 Ignalina district municipality 7,05% 1 297 / 18 386 Molėtai district municipality 6,34% 1 313 / 20 700 Utena district municipality 0,53% 229 / 43 275 Visaginas municipality 9,33% 2 108 / 22 585 Zarasai district municipality 5,88% 1 082 / 18 390 VILNIUS COUNTY 22,98% 186 195 / 810 403 Elektrėnai municipality 7,08% 1 769 / 24 975 Šalčininkai district municipality 77,75% 26 858 / 34 544 Širvitos district municipality 9,27% 1 628 / 17 571 Švenčionys district municipality 25,98% 7 239 / 27 868 Trakai district municipality 30,11% 10 362 / 34 411 Ukmergė district municipality 0,70% 280 / 40 055 Vilnius city municipality 16,51% 88 408 / 535 631 Vilnius district municipality 52,07% 49 648 / 95 348 3 district – Eišiškės – 83%, Šalčininkai – 71%, Baltoji Vokė – 58% of all inhab- itants. Approximately 1% of ethnic Poles in Lithuania live in the districts EDUCATION of: Kaunas, Klaipėda, Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Tauragė and Telšiai. One can find the biggest network of Polish-language schools outside the Re- 77% of people who claim to be Polish consider their mother tongue to be public of Poland in Lithuania. Polish. 89% of Poles in Lithuania are Roman Catholic. In order to execute the educational programme requirements, 32 Polish-lan- guage handbooks have been prepared. Additionally, 85 Polish-language LARGEST NUMBER OF POLISH NATIONALITY manuals for learning other subjects were released. These handbooks, created POPULATION, TOWNS (%) specifically for students from the 1st to the 12th grades, were prepared in co- operation with Polish minority schoolteachers and academics from Lithuanian EIŠIŠKĖS universities. 83,25 VISAGINAS 9,31 ŠVENČIONYS Auxiliary digital didactic aids were created (e-learning platforms) for students in 17,32 ŠALČININKAI grades 9-12. Their main goal was to form and develop skills for understanding 71,37 GRIGIŠKĖS literary and non-literary texts as well as to shape their ability to create their own. 23,17 The framework of implementation of the basic education programme envisag- LENTVARIS es a handbook for primary-school first graders. 25,74 BALTOJI RŪDIŠKĖS VOKĖ Since September 2016, all schools in Lithuania have managed their pro- 36,17 58,12 grammes in line with the new Lithuanian language teaching curriculum. This new curriculum foresees more hours of Lithuanian language lessons, hence ed- ucational funding for each class in Polish-language or other minority language PABRADĖ 44,72 NEMENČINĖ schools was raised by 20%. This solution was also applied to grades 5-10 and 56,54 grades 11-12 in schools considered as being in a multi-language environment. For schoolchildren in grades 1 to 4 in minority-language schools, this funding is being increased by 22.02%. POPULATION TRENDS IN COMPARISON WITH 1989 Lithuania is the only country where representatives of the Polish minority can 4,000,000 120,00% 3,674,802 obtain an education in their mother tongue, starting at the level of primary ed- 100,00% 3,500,000 100,00% 3,483,972 ucation and up to higher education. Three institutions of higher education offer 80,00% 3,000,000 3,043,629 2,888,558 2,847,900 the possibility to study in the Polish language. 60,00% 2,500,000 40,00% In 1993, the Polish Language Centre was established as a part of the philology 2,000,000 20,00% cathedra at Vilnius University. The centre provides the opportunity to learn Pol- 1,500,000 0,00% ish philology, regardless of language ability or nationality of the student. –5,19% 1,000,000 –17,18% –8,92% –21,40% –22,50% -20,00% The Polish Language and Culture Centre at the Lithuanian University of Edu- 500,000 –22,36% –37,21% -40,00% 257,994 234,989 200,317 162,000 cational Sciences, which recently celebrated its 55th anniversary, offers the op- 0 -60,00% portunity to learn the Polish language, Polish culture and intercultural links be- 1989 2001 2011 2016 2017 tween Poland and Lithuania. One can earn a pedagogical degree there. On the Polish national minority Overall population numbers Polish national minority, % Overall population numbers, % 13th of January 2018, Lithuanian Parliament approved the incorporation of the 4 5 SCHOOLS USING POLISH AS THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences into Vytautas Magnus University, 6 which will cause a reorganization of the centre. (8%) 7 51 In 2007, the Lithuanian Government decided to establish the Faculty of Eco- (9%) (67%) nomics and Informatics as a Branch of the University of Bialystok in Vilnius. The university has been providing educational programmes in Economics and In- Language of instruction: formational Technologies, as well as European studies, since 2015. Polish is the Polish language of instruction. It is the only Polish higher education establishment 12 (16%) Lithuanian and Polish outside the territory of Poland were students can study in the Polish language. Polish and Russian Lithuanian, Polish and Russian As of 2018, there are 50 kindergartens and pre-school groups and 76 primary schools using Polish or the following languages as the language of instruction – Following the re-establishment of independence, 5,040 schools operated in Lithuanian and Polish; Polish and Russian; Lithuanian, Polish and Russian. Lithuania with the overall number of students being 50,740. According to data from the Ministry of Education in the 1990-1991 school year, the Polish lan- Southeastern Lithuania has the biggest density of Polish and minority-language guage-based curriculum was executed in 44 schools. This number held until the schools: Vilnius (14); Vilnius district (40); (15) Trakai district (5); Širvintai district (1); year 2009, when the number of schools increased from 44 to 62. Švenčionys district (1). During the years of independence, the number of students in Polish-language schools was constantly changing and has been dropping steadily over the last Overall in Lithuania: Among them: decade. This was the result of demographic, social, economic and political fac- tors. The possibility of choosing schools with a different language of instruction z 20 schools and 31 lower-second- z 51 facilities use Polish as the lan- is also considered to be a significant reason for such a decline. At the begin- ary schools (gymnasia) use Polish guage of instruction; ning of the 2015/2016 school year, there were 52 Polish-language schools in as the language of instruction; z 12 facilities use Lithuanian and Lithuania, attended by 8,534 students. There were also 24 mixed schools with Polish as the languages of instruc- several languages of instruction (including Polish) attended by 2,884 students. z 6 schools and 19 lower-secondary tion; The overall number of students learning in Polish during the 2015/2016 school schools use 2 or 3 languages of in- z 7 facilities use Polish and Russian year was 11,418. struction. as the languages of instruction; z 6 facilities use Lithuanian, Polish In the 2017/2018 school year, Polish was the language of instruction in 51 Polish and Russian as the languages of schools and in 25 mixed schools. The overall number of students learning in Pol- ŠIAULIAI instruction. ish was 11,210, where 8726 attended Polish schools and 2584 – mixed schools. KLAIPĖDA PANEVĖŽYS CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS LEARNING IN THE POLISH AND LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES 2015-2018 UTENA 11 329 (-0,78%) In Lithuanian In Polish 1 1 11,210 (-1,05%) KAUNAS 11 418 VILNIUS 297 333 (-1,25%) 5 14 301 082 292 476 (-1,63%) 40 15 Source: the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania, 2017 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 6 7 8 CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF SCHOOL STUDENTS 700 000 0.4 600 000 0.3 0.2 500 000 0.1 400 000 0 300 000 -0.1 200 000 -0.2 100 000 -0.3 0 -0.4 1990– 1991– 1992– 1993– 1994– 1995– 1996– 1997– 1998– 1999– 2000– 2001– 2002– 2003– 2004– 2005– 2006– 2007– 2008– 2009– 2010– 2011– 2012– 2013– 2014– 2015– 2016– 2017– 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total number of students 501 740 499 700 497 364 496 660 509 209 520 704 532 812 546 613 559 894 576 146 580 390 578 301 569 385 558 497 538 418 538 541 514 622 489 442 464 638 440 504 415 873 392 922 373 874 357 530 344
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  • Lithuania by Vaidotas A

    Lithuania by Vaidotas A

    Lithuania by Vaidotas A. Vaicˇaitis This monograph is up-to-date as of MONTH YEAR 2020 Constitutional Law – Suppl. 149 (2020) Lithuania – 1 Published by: Kluwer Law International B.V. PO Box 316 2400 AH Alphen aan den Rijn The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Website: lrus.wolterskluwer.com Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by: Wolters Kluwer Legal & Regulatory U.S. 7201 McKinney Circle Frederick, MD 21704 United States of America Email: [email protected] Sold and distributed in all other countries by: Air Business Subscriptions Rockwood House Haywards Heath West Sussex RH16 3DH United Kingdom Email: [email protected] The monograph Lithuania is an integral part of Constitutional Law in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws series. Printed on acid-free paper. ISBN 978-90-654-4944-3 Constitutional Law was first published in 1992. Vaicˇaitis, Vaidotas A. ‘Lithuania’. In International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Constitutional Law, edited by André Alen & David Haljan. Alphen aan den Rijn, NL: Kluwer Law International, 2020. This title is available on www.kluwerlawonline.com © 2020, Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Permission to use this content must be obtained from the copyright owner. More information can be found at: lrus.wolterskluwer.com/policies/permissions-reprints-and-licensing Printed in the United Kingdom. 2 – Lithuania Constitutional Law – Suppl. 149 (2020) The Author Vaidotas A.