R E C O R D S O F T H E P AS T :

B E I NG

ENGL I S H T RAN S LAT I O NS

O F T H E

A Y A AND E Y A E SS RI N G PTI N MONUM NTS .

P UB L I S H ED UN DE R T H E SA NCT I ON

O F

I I AL AR H Y THE S OCIETY O F B BL C C fEOLOG .

I I I . VOL .

ASSYRIAN TEXTS .

LO N DO N

D S S A M U E L B AG S T E R AN S O N , W 1 R O R R O . 5, PATE N STE

C O N T E N T S .

PR EFACE

Early History Of Babylonia

By G EO R G E S M I TH .

Table of Ancient Acca dian Laws

B Re v. . H . S AYCE M . . y the A , A

Synchronous History of Assyria and Babylonia

R . B e . H A Y CE M v. . S . y the A , A

Annals of Assur-nasir-pal

M. . B Rev. M . R O DW EI L y the , A Monolith Inscription of Shalmaneser

B R A. H . AYCE M . . e v. S y the , A

a Inscription of Esarh ddon .

R . B H . ALB T . . . S y F T O , F Second Inscription of Esarhaddon

B . S . B H . . AL T F. R y F T O ,

An Accadian Liturgy A e A. H . S AYCE M . . By the R v . ,

Assyrian Sacred Poetry

R. S H . ALB T . B . . y F T O , F

Assyrian Talismans and Exorcisms

. S . B H . . ALB T F R . y F T O ,

Ancient Babylonian Charms

A. R A. H . S AYCE M . By the e v. , f F O . Lists urther Texts, etc

Arra ng ed by GEOR G E SM I TH .

P R E F A C E .

T H E third volu m e O f th e R ecord s of th e Past contain s a continu ation of T ran slation s of Assyrian x m T e ts , and so e of th e p rincipal hi storical and oth er T docu m ents foun d i n th e Cu n eiform i n scription s . heir m i portance to hi storical , biblical , and philolog ical m studies , has b een already p oin ted ou t , an d th e onu m w ents hich app ear i n th e p resen t , are not of les s

s fi m The m interes t than tho e in the rs t volu e . g reat as s x m of literature alread y e hu ed , th e attention directed m w k to i t b y ore scholars , the in teres t a a ened i n th e d stu d y, and th e learning i splayed in th e elucidation A C f m m of ss yrian an d Bab ylonian u nei or , p ro ise th e s t valuable contribu tion s to th e knowledg e of

m k . m se oldest of race s of an i nd Th ere s till re ains , m x d even th e p resent aterial s b e e hau sted , a O f literary t reasu re i n th e m ound s of M es o

otamia w m b , hich s oon er or later u st b e roug h t to

v m m w light , and help t o sol e so e of th e p roble s hich the m onu m ent s hith erto found have p resented to

ff The di erent i nquirers . data are b y d eg rees arrang ing

m v the selves in their respectiv e places, and their alu e m i s ore ju stly appreciated . I ndi spen sable to a due PR EFACE .

r O f W A kn owledg e of the hi sto y estern sia, they are hardly less so for th e un ex pected inform ation th ey afford to th e proper co m preh ension O f th e events i n Palestine w hich p receded the fall of the Jewi sh king m E C do s, th e conqu est o f g yp t and yp ru s, an d th e unexpected and i m po rtan t p art which th e Assyrian s Th p layed in th e history o f th e world . e m at erials

v m of this olu e , lik e th e p receding , have been p repared b ff A y di erent ssyriolog ists with g reat care, and those which have app eared elsewh ere have been carefully revis ed and corrected o r retran slated for th e p resen t T w volu m e . h ey ill b e found to b e o f i nterest to

r m th e student s of ch ronology, histo y, and co parative mytholog y .

I R S . B C H .

D ecember 1 8 . , 7 4 I F NIA EAR LY H STOR Y O BABY LO .

B Y G E O R G E S M I T H .

T H I S accoun t of the Early History o f Bab ylonia is taken fro m th e lecture delivered before the Society o f

8 1 Tr am Biblical Arch aeolog y on th e 6th of Ju ne 1 7 .

' ‘

I . aa zom of t/26 S ociety Vol . i . p . Since that date th ere have been several new discoveries bu t these have no t yet b een published in th e S ociety ’s v As olu m es an d therefore are not included h ere . the bulk of thi s paper consists O f translations fro m early

Babylonian docu m ents i t is as well to notice that there i s considerable difficulty in reading s om e of th e

m m was w I v prop er na es , an d since y pap er ritten ha e 2 R RD F TH E ECO S O PAST.

proposed to read th e nam e of the m oon - g od i n s o m e

“ “ A u w w cases g instead of Sin, hich ill alter thos e

m m proper na es i n which thi s na e occurs .

— F r I N OTE o th e convenience of read ers , have

m 5 g enerally placed (g ) before th e na es of d eities , ( )

m an before th e na es of cities , d to inclu de

restorations . ' EA Y S O Y OF A Y O A RL HI T R B B L NI .

WHEN the light Of monumental history first dawns upon find r a a Babylonia we that count y inh bited by two r ces, the S and A a f a a umir kk d they spoke two dif erent l ngu ges, one a S a m a Turani n the other emitic, but we h ve no infor tion as a a a and to which r ce spoke either l ngu ge, we do not know a a their geogr phic l distribution in the country, but probably x a as a they were mi ed in most p rts, m ny of the cities have

a both Turanian and Semitic names . The n me of the Sumir

r a Ke- en- i a a and Su - - was w itten K me or g in Tur ni n, mi ri in and A a a an Semitic, the kkad were called Urdu in Tur ni n, d

- — Ak ka S . ra a a di in emitic The Tu ni n people, who appe r to

i a a Of r have been the or ginal inh bit nts the count y, invented the cuneiform mode of writing all the earliest inscriptions ar a a a a e in th t l ngu ge, but the proper n mes of most of the a are S kings and princip l persons written in emitic, in direct contrast to the body of the inscriptions . The Semites a a a a a ha appe r to h ve conquered the Tur ni ns, lthough they d not yet imposed their language on the country . Babylonia a a a at this time cont ined m ny gre t cities, some of the

n Ni ur - -ki a a an principal bei g p , written Mul kit in Tur ni n, d Nipur in Semitic this city was probably the earliest seat of r a a empi e, and long continued the centre of the B byloni n

E —ki a a an religion . ridu or Ridu, written Nun in Tur ni n, d

E S Urlab- ki in ridu and Ridu in emitic ; Ur, written a and S a a isinna Tur nian, Ur in emitic ; K rr k, written N in a a and a a S E Tur ni n, K rr k in emitic ; Uruk ( rech) written —ki a and A a S Lab in Tur nian, and Uruk rk in emitic ; Larsa,

t d—lab-ki ra a a S Si writ en U in Tu ni n, and Lars in emitic ; p

a — - -ki a S par , written Ud kip nun in Tur nian, and ippar and R OR D F TH E 4 EC S O PAST.

a S a and A a Sip r in emitic Zergull , g di which I have recently Of A the a discovered to be the city kkad, third capit l of

Nimrod .

a a a r B . c. Berosus, Ch lde n priest in the third centu y , wrote a a a a history of Ch lde , from which the following fr gments of chronology have been preserved ; they may be compared with the monumental notices

o B er osus Chr onolog ica l S 5 1m m f .

10 b o oo o king s ef re the Fl d, c mmencing with yea rs . Al-Or u s ! 86 ki r s e oo to M ia the Fl d, the ed n 0 o r yea rs . g ngi si . ! 8 Media n king s 2 2 4 o r 190 yea rs

1 1 o ther king s d u ra ti o n u nkn own . C a 49 h ldea n king s 458 yea rs . ab a 9 Ar i n king s 2 45 yea rs .

45 king s 5 2 6 years . A fter whom came Pul and Sennacherib . A similar system of chronology was probably believed in

a . S a during the l ter historic period argon, king of B bylon, ‘ “ B 1 — k . C . 0 0 a 0 n 7 7 5 , s ys, 3 5 a cient ings before me the dominion of Assyria ruled and governed the dominion of ” “ B EL a a a a F a (B byloni ) and in nother pl ce, rom the d ys remote the time of (g ) Ur to the Kings my fathers of Assyria and Karduniyas The god Ur here fi spoken of is evidently the rst mythical king of Berosus, Al— B 668— 62 6 0 A a a A . C . rus . ssurb nip l king of ssyria, , 2 a a a was an E a a states, th t B byloni conquered by l mite n med

-nanhundi 1 6 a S a Kudur , 3 5 before his own c pture of hush n, —n nhundi a R . 2 2 8 0 a or bout C . This conquest by Kudur I have conj ectured to be the same as the Median conquest Kudurnanhundi has of Berosus, but left no monuments,

- unless he be the same as the Kudur mabug who built at Ur.

I . V 6 . ol . 1 C , , p 3 “ ” H istor o Assur bani a l . 2 0. y f p , p 5 R OR O F B B EA LY HIST Y A YLONIA . 5

No approximate date can be fixed for any Babylonian

a - B . C . 1 mon rch before Kara indas, who reigned about 4 75, and the period of the rulers whom we know to have pre ceded him must be acknowledged to be at present quite uncertain . The annals of the early monarchs of Babylonia are for a ffi the most p rt lost, but there are su cient remains of their works to show that their dominion was a most important All one . the great temples of Babylonia were founded by the kings who preceded the conquest by H ammurabi the a and a a king of the K ssi, the d te of this conquest c nnot be oth B a a r C . placed l ter th n the century . Bricks and stone a Of a a a a t blets, with inscriptions these e rly B byloni n mon rchs , a a h ve been found at most of the sites, and the v st size of a their works shows their great power. The civiliz tion of a a this e rly period is proved by the works on Geogr phy,

A a a a . a strology, Mythology, Gramm r, M them tics, etc , p rts of which inscribed on clay tablets are now in the British

Museum . The civil administration and laws of the country are Of a a law a partly shown by a number s le, lo n and t blets belonging to the close of the period in question (about the time O f Hammurabi) and the state of the fine arts can be estimated by the thousands Of beautifully engraved E seals belonging to this age, now in various uropean

Museums . a— - The titles of the early rulers of Babylonia were p te si, t and a and sar patesi means depu y or Viceroy, is equiv lent “ ” to the Semitic is - sak-ku when combined with the name of “ ” a as a A i A deity, P tesi (g) ssur V ceroy of the god ssur, it a w may denote an independent ruler, but the p tesi of to ns in Babylonia were most probably governors or viceroys of fi the kings ; I will here give their inscriptions rst, for i conven ence . 6 R ORD F EC S O THE PAST.

The monumental kings of Babylonia divide themselves

a a — I st a a a n tur lly into three groups, , the Ch lde n or n tive a 2 nd kings before the conquest of the K ssi ; , the kings of a a t and rd a a the K ssi dyn s y ; 3 , the Ch ldean or n tive kings , successors of the Kassi . The Babylonian monarchs usually took their titles from a a and a their c pit l cities, prob bly formed in some cases con ar a a tempor y lines of kings, the country being not lw ys

a united under one sceptre this f ct, combined with our want of information respecting the earlier periods of Babylonian a history, m kes it impossible to present the list of kings in chronologica l order. The following arrangement of the names must, therefore, be considered as only provisional.

r MI - (P)—SA—NANA- KALAM

The name of this ruler is Turanian only one Of his inscriptions is preserved . Nothing is known respecting the

a a . extent of his dominions, or the position of his c pit l

R N INSC IPTI O N O A CONE (UNPUBLISH ED ) .

M I - SA- - KALAMM I a NANA , Viceroy of ( ) Ridu ,

' High Priest of maiz num

son of BB HUK .

- - 2 I DA DU .

This governor ruled at the same city as the former one .

Eridu his capital was one of the greatest Babylonian cities . I da u The name d is Semitic .

INSCR IPTI ON ON BR ICK (UNPUB LISHED ) .

I N R I DU To (g . ) N , his King, a Of I D AD U a for the preserv tion , Viceroy of ( ) Ridu, ” the servant the delight of (g ) NI N R I DU . R OR F B B EA LY HIST Y O A YLONIA . 7

BEL AM 3 S U.

- u a a Va- Bel sam , whose n me is written in Tur nian anna, was Of Zir ulla a ruler g , prob bly represented by the mounds Z r hul a e a . of g , e st of the river Hye, in Babyloni

R O ON O B D INSC IPTI N A C NE (UNPU LISHE ) .

- Zir ll BEL a u a . SAMU, Viceroy of ( ) g

' z NANA (g ) his delight p he built,

Bitanna of the east country he completed .

‘ - — 4 G U DE A.

a The n me of Gudea is evidently Turanian, its Semitic na a a ram ” naou equivalents being g g , , and . Gudea was ir ll ar ruler at Z gu a. There e numerous inscriptions of this h t governor, but most of t em are of the two types ranslated The a are here . records of Gude found over a considerable

extent of country, and on the sites of important cities .

INSCR IPTIONS OF GUD EA .

NIN I P To (g ) the King, his King, Zir lla D a u . GU EA Viceroy of ( ) g , his house built t a To (g ) NANA the L dy, Lady splendid f a Zir lla D O u . His Lady, GU EA Viceroy ( ) g raised There are two other texts of this ruler in the British a a a Museum, one on bl ck stone st tue, the other on a brick

these are too mutilated to translate .

- - -A - - N-DI 5 KU DUR NA N H U U .

This monarch is mentioned by Assurbanipal in the follow in 4 g passage,

The reading Gudea fo r the n ame of this g overn o r is based on the

a a . I . V l. 2 2 0 2 . p ss g e C , o , p . , line 4

I I on o f o War /ca a nd C . I . Vol. I . No . , , p 5 , XX II, , c nes r m (Erech) B b a yl o n . 3 Ze r hul Zir ulla . C L Vol. I . No . II 2 o n a o o , , p 5 , XXI , , c ne fr m g ( g ) ” “ ' H istor o Assur l a ni a l . 2 0. y f p , p 5 8 R ECOR D S O F THE PAST.

KUDUR —NAN H UND I the Elamite who the worship

a of the great gods did not (fe r) , who in an evil resolve to his Own force (trusted) on the temples of Akkad his hands he had laid and he oppressed Akkad the days were full 2 n 1 for ner 7 $05 a d 5 years under the Elamites .

2 $05 1 a a This period, ner 7 5 ye rs, which el psed from the -nanhundi a 1 6 a time of Kudur , equ ls 3 5 ye rs ; according to at A a other inscriptions, the close of this period, ssurb nipal conquered Elam and recovered an image of the goddess had a a a Nana, which been c rried away from B byloni in this

early conquest .

A-E - 6 Z U U.

This ancient king of Babylonia is only known to us fr om a a the broken cylinder of N bonidus, ccording to which he founded the temples of Anunit (Venus) an d Samas (the Sun) at Si ar a a n a pp these temples h vi g f llen into decay, were

S a- saltias a a a ar and restored by ag an e rly B byloni n mon ch, a n gain falling into decay one was repaired by Nabo idus. The notice of Zabu is as follows Then Bit-parra the house of S a Si ar a (g ) AMAS of ( ) pp my Lord, and Bit-ulmas the house of

ANUN I T i ar AN UN I T a . a S a (g ) of ( ) pp , (g ) my L dy, which were from the time of ZABU in ancient days ” their chamber walls had fallen in .

7 UR (P)

A a a ccording to the st tements of the excav tors, the bricks

- I Vol . . . . I 6 2 1. C , , p 9, lines 7 3 R OR O F B B EA LY HIST Y A YLONIA . 9

a of Urukh were found in the found tions of buildings , the upper parts of which were constructed of bricks bearing inscriptions of other early Chaldean kings ; the remains of his buildings even now exceed those of every other Chaldean a ebu chadnez z ar S O a mon rch except N , th t his reign must have ‘ a and been long important one . M any of the earliest temples of Babylonia were founded m a by Urukh, among these we y notice the Temple of the at and l at a Moon Ur, two other bui dings the s me city, one

a -tim al - sareser a was a c lled Bit g , the other Bit this l tter a a a a tower, built in st ges like pyr mid. Urukh h ving died was was fi before this building completed, it nished by his son Dungi its ruins now form the most conspicuous obj ect a was a on the site of Ur. The w ll of the city of Ur lso At a built by Urukh . Lars he founded the Temple of the

S un and at E a -a a , rech the Temple of Venus, c lled Bit nn or ” i r a Of a . At N u the House of He ven p , the ancient capit l a a a B byloni , he founded or restored the gre t Temple of Bel , and another to Beltis and at Zirgulla he built a temple to ” ar- S ili the king of the gods .

INSCR IPTI ONS O F U R UKH .

R a U UKH King of ( ) Ur,

who the house of (g ) UR built. TO UR R a (g ) his King, U UKH King of ( ) Ur ” and a a . his house built, the w ll of ( ) Ur built t UR Of a To (g ) , the lesser light he ven,

. BEL eldest son of (g ) his king,

f The n a me o f this king has been compa red to the Ari och o Genesis

U u oub u . xiv. I a nd a u o f but a , the O rch m s Ovid, the re ding r kh is very d tf l

V l o n b o u Ur . . M C I . o . I . I No . I I a nd 2 , , p , , , ricks fr m g heir ( ) 3 M u . C . I . Vol . I . I No . I on b o , , p , , 3, ricks fr m g heir

I M u . . . V l . N I o n o o C o . I I . , , p , O , 4, c ne fr m g heir I O R ECOR D S O F TH E PAST .

R man a U UKH the powerful , King of ( ) Ur,

- im Bit t gal the house of his delight built . t UR B EL To (g ) , eldest son of his King, R man fi a U UKH the powerful , the erce w rrior, a n S r and A a King of ( ) Ur, Ki g of umi kk d, ” -tim l Bit ga the house of his delight built .

To (g . ) NANA his Lady, R man a U UKH the powerful , King of ( ) Ur,

n S A a . Ki g of umir and kk d, her house built

. S To (g ) AMAS his King, R the man a U UKH powerful , King of ( ) Ur

S and A a . King of umir kk d, his house built

To (g . ) BELAT his Lady, R a S A U UKH King of ( ) Ur, King of umir and kkad, ” her house the of her delight built . R a S i and Ak U UKH King of ( ) Ur, King of um r kad, ”

BEL . who the house of (g . ) built R man a To U UKH, the powerful , King of ( ) Ur,

- H AS S I M I R a B EL . , Viceroy of ( ) thy servant “ 7 — . SAR R a To (g ) ILI his King, U UKH King of ( ) Ur, ” u - d (in Zir) gulla built.

8 DUN(F‘) Dungi was the son and successor of Urukh ; he is known ’ a a a i to h ve completed and rep ired some of his f ther s build ngs,

C . I . Vol. N . I n b M u . I . I o o o , , p , , 5 , rick fr m g heir

C . I . Vol . I . I No . I 6 on b o a a . , , p , , , rick fr m W rk (Erech) 3 . I . Vol I n b e nke r h La a . C . I No . o f o S c , , p . 5 , , 7 , rick r m ( rs )

I Niife r Ni ur . C . . Vol. I . 1 No . I 8 on b a o at , , p , , , l ck st ne ( p ) 5 ff . I . Vol 2 . N I n b o N . C . I o . o , , p , , 9, rick fr m i er 5 I . I n . l S V . I . I No . 10 o . C , o , p , , , ig net cylinder 7 O n unp ublished brick fro m

8 Du Ur The a o f one of Bab o a a n gi king o f . n me the yl ni n cities, perh ps fo u b a nd a a u o a of nded y him c lled fter him, s pplies the ph netic n me this - o a D u u a u . I . Vol. 2 . 8 1 . m n rch ; it is nn s id , C , , p 4 , line 9

1 2 R OR D F TH E EC S O PAST .

NOTICE O F U R UKH AN D D UNGI IN A CYLIN D ER o r

B D 8 . O R C . NA NI US, 5 55 53

-sar esir Bitner al a Bit , the tower of g which is in ( ) Ur, which U R UKH the very ancient King had built and fi D fi had not nished it , UNGI his son its top nished . R D In the writings of U UKH, and UNGI his son, saw a a R had I lso of th t tower, U UKH built fi D fi and had not nished it, UNGI his son its top nished . ” By this time that tower became old .

A - I N- I 9 (G ) N P .

fi a has This king, the rst part of whose n me is lost , not a a Of been noticed, lthough a fr gment of one his inscriptions

’ from Niffer is printed in the Cunezfor m [m or zftzom fi and is there erroneously referred to I smidagan. and a a at a This king, sever l of those th t follow, ruled ‘ city called Nisinna or Karrak. These kings were contem p orary with the rulers of Ur and Larsa their kingdom was destroyed a short time before the reign of H ammurabi .

INSCR IPTI ONS OF -N I N I P O N BR ICKS FR OM NIFFER

(N I PUR ) .

-N I N I P exalted ruler of (a ) Nipur no Of c a E ( ) Ur, Lord of ( ) ridu, beneficent Of a a a Lord ( ) Uruk King of ( ) K rrak , S A a King of umir and kk d,

N ana . the the delight of the eyes of (g . )

I 68 . C . . , p . , lines 5 to 2 0 2 The n ame of Dungi is menti oned in the n a me of the town mentioned - - il ur. I . Vol . 60 B u in C . , 2 , p . , line 5 , d ng i 3 I . l. . . I . . Vo I No V C , , p 5 , XX

P A irak of u o . erhaps the sa me as p , the site which is nkn wn R R EA LY HISTO Y OF BABYLONIA . I 3

I 0 I -B - - S I BAR RA.

This king is mentioned on an unpublished fragment in the British Museum : the line reads ” I BI -B R R a a S a . A A, King of ( ) K rr k

I - B - - I LI I IT ANUNIT . m The name of this king, imperfect in the Museu publica f fi tion , is completed rom one of the cones . Its rst element

' ' lzozt a - S is well known form of the emitic root 33 5, the second a a a a element is the n me of the B byloni n Venus, the n me ” a a me ning the work of Venus, or f shioned by Venus .

R O OF L I BIT INSC IPTI N NANA .

L I BIT-AN UN I T fi a Ni ur , rst Ruler of ( ) p , a a E the supreme over ( ) Ur, of ( ) ridu, beneficent a a a a Lord of ( ) Uruk, King of ( ) K rr k , Of S and A a Of King umir kk d, the restorer (g ) NANA, ” — who Bit mekit restored .

’ 2 I - -DA- AN I S MI G .

nd a Da ir . a S a . This n me is emitic, me ns gon heard S H Rawlinson has suggested that this I smi— dagan was the same as I smi— a a a a A n the d g n p t si of ssur, who accordi g to the

- Ti l - ath Pileser 1 th R C. g cylinders, reigned in the 9 century

This, however, is doubtful, but it is possible they may be of about the same age.

V I No. . I . Vol . I . C . , , p 5 , X II

- n n The a o o r u o at o l sm i dag a n or G u g u u . rel ti nship s pp sed rel i nship h u u a nd I a m now o between these two king s as p zzled me very m ch, m re It ffi u to u o a u ncerta in tha n ever abou t these inscripti ons . is di c lt s pp se th t ’ n b a o to be Gun unu s can the text o the ricks, which is g ener lly c nsidered g , really be his ; a nd l h ave so me doubts whether the ch a ra cter which - s o n b a re precedes the n a me o f Ism i da g a n really mea ns . These ricks , s o a can no o be u o to o however , fast decaying , th t they l ng er relied p n pr ve o a contested p int . I R OR D F 4 EC S O THE PAST.

R F I S M I -D INSC I PTIONS O AGAN .

I S M I -D a i ur AGAN, nourisher of ( ) N p , a a E the supreme over ( ) Ur, the of ( ) ridu, o Lord of ( ) Uruk (the powerful King), a a S and A a King of ( ) Karr k , King of umir kk d, ” the the delight Of NANA.

1 - N- -N - 3 GU U GU U U .

un unu was I smi- a a G g son of d g n, but some students hold the view that he was only contemporary with a son of I smi

a a was . a d g n, who ruler of Ur The m tter is not proved on

a a a either Side, but on ex min tion of the origin ls of these find inscriptions, I the published copies incorrect in one “ ” a point, the supposed second title ruler of Ur, is re lly ” a within Ur. The second inscription is very peculi r, the a a a a characters st nd in relief, contr ry to the B byloni n cus and in are a tom, one copy reversed, re ding from right to left instead of left to right .

R O F N INSC IPTI NS O GU GUNU .

’ tzm R a . U . S To (g ) AMAS , the ruler g ) , ’ - irkinu al m fa d ez leader Of Bit n g g . ) NINGAL his Kings a G UN GUNU m an for the preserv tion of the powerful ,

a a . AN U King of ( ) Ur, for the est blishing of (g ) ,

. UR . UR a for the restoring of (g ) for (g ) within ( ) Ur, I S MI -D S and A a the son of AGAN King of umir kk d,

-hiliani - inablun ani Bit built, Bit g g built, ” for his preservation he built.

. l . 2 N . . I a nd 2 f o M U Vo . I u . I V C , , p , O , r m g heir ( r) .

. 2 No. VI 1 M C . I . Vol. I on a o o u , , p , , , c ne fr m g heir. R OR OF B B O EA LY HIST Y A YL NIA . I 5

For a AN . U the est blishing of (g ) , f O . UR for the delight g for . UR a ( ) (g ) within ( ) Ur, I S MI -D S and A ” the son of AGAN King of umir kkad .

I ZAT 4 ILU .

The name of this monarch is found on the cast of a

Signet cylinder in the British Museum . The name of his a a a a c pit l is lost by fr cture of the cylinder, but he is placed here provisionally on account of the Similarity of his legend f to those of the kings O Karrak .

R O OF ZAT ON D R INSC IPTI N ILU A SIGNET CYLIN E . “ I LU ZAT King the relative the delight of v

1 -I - 5 RI S VUL .

No monument of this king is known, he was the last ’ f A ir k king O p a .

I 6 M - GA IL SI N .

and a a This king, m ny of the following ones , h ve their w in names compounded ith S , the moon god, but while in the inscriptions this deity is always worshipped under the name a S Ur, whenever he enters into the composition of emitic

- z u Sin. a name, it is under the form Bil or The n me of the moon god is once phonetically written in a proper name

- a a a Si in. on s le tablet in the British Museum, it re ds, The name of Gamil- sin in its phonetic form occurs as the name of a private person in the time of the monarch

- — - Sa iluna G a . One msu , the phonetic form is, mil sin of

C . I . Vol. I . 2 No . VI 2 on b o M u . , , p , , , ricks fr m g heir

- S e N a o. e a N 0. r m sin, 3 R R D F 1 6 ECO S O THE PAST. the earliest contract tablets in the British Museum is dated f a — in the reign O G mil sin .

R F - I N INSC I PTI ONS O GAMIL S .

- m an To GAMIL SIN the powerful ,

a King of ( ) Ur, King of the four regions ,

A - D a t MIL ANU the tablet writer, son of GAN U, thy serv n

N O F B D O THE S CKET O A GATE (UNPU LISHE ) .

U - To (g ) N GAN his noble one,

- BEL a r . i u GAMIL SIN the delight of (g ) King of ( ) N p , in the delight of his heart he blessed a the powerful King, King of ( ) Ur,

King of the four regions, his house built.

- A a a a . . . 2 city n med fter G mil sin is mentioned in C I , Vol ,

a 60 1 . p ge , line 7

I - I N 7 S .

a Of a a This king, the phonetic v lue whose n me is uncert in , a a t a from the gre t simil ri y of his legends, is prob bly closely connected with Gamil- sin Zur—sin was probably deified after “

a as a r a . a his de th, his n me occu s in list of gods M ny of the inscriptions of Zur- sin have been found a t a ruin called

Abu - shahrein a a a , which ppe rs to h ve been entirely built by him .

R F Z INSC IPTIO NS O UR S I N .

3 ZU R - B EL i urite SIN, the N p blessed, a B EL the le der of the house of (g . ) , a the powerful King, King of ( ) Ur,

l I . I Vo . I . NO . X S . o a . C , , p 3, , fr m ig net cylinder

I . V l. . 6 1 . C . , o 3, p 9, line 7

3 - I II A u h h ei nd M u . . . Vol. I . o . X I f o b s a r n a C , , p 3 , N , , r m g heir R OR O F B B EA LY HIST Y A YLONIA . I 7

. H EA King of the four regions, (g ) the King ” his delight the of his delight he built. “ ZUR - i urit E e . B L SIN the N p (g ) blessed, a B EL the le der of the house of g . ) , m an a the powerful , King of ( ) Ur, ” King of the four regions .

ZUR - Ni uri BE te . L SIN the p (g ) blessed,

a . BEL the le der of the house of (g ) , the powerful King, a King of ( ) Ur, King of the four regions,

ma - tu-oa ZUR — d Of a SIN the elight ( ) Ur, ' ’ ' ' - l l 3 ma oz éz r z ma -izl - oa who ki—a u-su - él tu-zla —ao-kur —rl a

’ ’ - si abi mlear za R . U a Bit g of (g ) King of ( ) Ur, a a NINGAL mother of ( ) Ur, delight of the he rt of the great god of D ur he built tzl - bo

1 - — - - 8 I BIL SI N AN D A BIL SI N.

The first of these forms is found on an unpublished frag a a A a a a ment of the Ch lde n work on strology, the p ss ge re ds “ ” B - I IL SIN King of U1. The second form occurs in the ’ ‘ s ez or m l m cr izom and a a a f ép , sever l priv te persons be ring a a the s me name are mentioned in early inscriptions . I h ve conj ectured that these two names belong to the same a a mon rch, but there is little except the simil rity of sound to a le d to this Opinion .

1 9

' a a This n me, the re ding of which is doubtful , represents the earliest known queen in the Euphrates valley ; she is

— only mentioned in the inscriptions of her son Sin gasit.

b - h hr in I V l . I . Xl I . o A u s a e . C . . o No . 2 , , p 3, , fr m

. I . Vol I . N . XIX o M u . C . o , , p 5 , , fr m g heir 3 The exa ct rendering o f the p assag e here transliterated is uncertain . I V l C . . o . . 8 6 . , 3, p 3 , line 4 D F 1 8 R ECOR S O THE PAST .

2 0 N- A- I - S I G S I T.

Sin- at a a gasit ruled Urukh (W rk ) , he is the king called ll a . A a Sinsada by Sir H . R wlinson his memori ls have been at a found his c pital city, where he rebuilt the temple of had and Venus , which been founded by Urukh, constructed a palace for himself.

R O OF S I N - INSC IPTI NS GASIT .

S I N - - GASIT, son of BELAT SUNAT

- a a a . King of ( ) Uruk , builder of Bit nn S I NGAS I T m an a ) the powerful , King of ( Uruk, Of Am nanu a a a King , the p l ce of his roy lty built

N AN B D R W R O UNPU LISHE CONE F OM A KA.

- - . SAR TUR DA To (g ) his god,

and - BELAT SUNAT his mother,

S I N - a Amnanu GASIT King of ( ) Uruk, King of

-a a -a a nourisher of Bit nn , who Bit nn built,

' - - a lzotul—la ka -no-no Bit kirib Bit kib , ,

he built for the prolonging of his kingdom, he built 1 8 reg ur 1 2 manehs of ( lub ed! ) ’ I O a O f ar —m m nehs bronze the house, Silver like a mountain I Shekel of a a silver its n me he c lled, giving delight and

------2 1 SI I M TI SI I L H A AK. This ruler is only known from the inscriptions of

- Kudur mabuk his name is probably Elamite .

V 1 o a a . I Vol. I . No . C . ., , p 3, III, , fr m W rk

V o a a . No . 2 I. Vol . 1 . C . , , p 3 , III, , fr m W rk

2 0 R R TH E ECO D S O F PAST.

R F D R - B INSC IPTI ON O KU U MA UK .

UR D R - B S a To (g ) his King KU U MA UK Lord of yri ,

- S H SI L H AK . U R son of I TI , worshipper of (g ) ,

a -rubm ah his protector m rching before him, Bit , for his preservation and the preservation of ” - AR D a a . U SIN his son , King of L rs , they built

I l III C . . Vo . 1 . 2 N . f o M u . , , p , O , r m g heir

To be continued in D e mber ( V. , ce TA LET O F ANC I E ACC AD A LAW B N T I N S .

TRANSLATE D BY

R E V A H . S AY C E .

T H E Accadians were th e inventors of th e cuneiform s yst em of w riting and th e earliest population of

w m we w lu Bab ylonia of h o kno . Th ey Spok e an agg tinative Finnic lang uag e allied t o or Tatar, and had orig inally co m e fro m th e m ountainou s cou ntry to

- w m Acca cla th e south es t of th e Caspian . Th e na e “ ” fi m Of A sig ni es hig hlander, and th e na e ccad is

l h G m et w ot c . ith in th e hapt er of enesis Th e laws ,

w o k of hich a translation is g iven below , g bac to a very remot e p eriod ; an d th e patriarchal character of m b m w society i plied y the ill b e noticed , as w ell as m m th e s uperior i p ortance pos ses sed b y th e other, denial o f who m b y th e s on involved banish m ent in contrast with th e milder p enalt y enjoined for renun i i T m m c at on of th e father . his i portance o f th e oth er in family -life 18 still a disting uishing feature of th e

F - w was innic Tatar race . Th e slave, i t ill b e s een , alread y placed to s o m e ex tent under th e protection fi of th e s tat e , and th e rst st ep on th e road t oward s

th e a m eliorati on of his condition had been mad e . 2 2 R R D F TH E ECO S O PAST.

A considerable portion of th e tablet w hich contains

I I . w V . . I O Cune or m thes e la s is g iven in th e ol pl , if

I nscr i tions o Wes ter n As ia . O m p f ther frag ent s , sinc e

M Fr n is . a o discovered , have been lithog raph ed b y g ’ L enorm ant C/zoix cle Textes nne or nzes P in his C if art I .

N 1 A xt O . 5 . Th e orig inal ccadian t e runs down th e

- m A an left hand colu n , an s s yrian t ranslation b eing

n x e ed on th e rig h t . Th e s everal law s are divid ed by

m a lin es , an d co e at th e end of biling ual collecti on o f anci ent docu m ents of different kinds bu t chi efl y re

law lating t o . The y are introduced b y a lis t of A i m A ccad an leg al t er s with their ss y rian equivalent s . ’ w wa s m A - a - L Th e hole co piled for ssur b ni pal s ibra ry .

M F ox was fi r . Talb ot th e rs t t o p oint out th e natu re of th e inscription ; an d I g ave a t ranslation o f th e publish ed p ortions of it in th e A tbenwnm for M ay m m 1 w M . G 86 w as . 9, hich supple ented b y r S ith in a T lat er nu mb er O f th e sam e p eriodical . ranslations of th e m ost i m p ortant part O f it h ave b een recently

M rt onr nal As ia ti ue ie7ne . O e g iven b y pp in th e y q , 7

’ F L enorm nt L a M a i e c/zez le s e e . M r i . . a , I and in g ’

la éens . 1 1 1 Cbcz 0 . p p 3 , 3 fi m Th e rs t and s econd colu ns , on th e obvers e o f t h e m tablet , are u nfortunat ely too utilated for translation .

I t two m is th erefore onl y th e las t colu n s , on th e

w . revers e , of hich a rendering i s app ended A E OF A E A AD A A T BL T NCI NT CC I N L WS .

I A certain man s brother-in -law hired (workmen) and a F on his found tion built an enclosure . rom the house

(the j udge) expelled him .

2 In every case let a married m an put his child in

a a possession of property, provided th t he does m ke him

inhabit it .

3 F or the future (the Judge may) cause a sanctuary to be

erected in a private demesne .

4 (A man) has full possession of his sanctuary in his own a high pl ce .

5 The sanctuary (a m an) has raised is confirmed to the

son who inherits .

a e 6 Ef c cl.

7 His father and his mother (a m an) shall not (deny) .

8 A town (a man) has named ; its foundation- stone he

has laid can a . not , (yet) he ( ) ch nge it

9 This imperial rescript must be learnt.

a I O Everything which a married wom n encloses, she

(Shall) possess .

I I I nall ca ses for the future (these rules Shall hold good) .

1 2 A a a : art A decision . son s ys to his f ther Thou not

” L - - a t o u to a itera lly his brother in law . These leg l preceden s g ht h ve a special interest for the Eng lishm a n . 2 4 R ECOR D S O F THE PAST .

a and fi a - a my f ther, ( ) con rms it by (his) n il m rk (on the ‘ a and deed) he gives him pledge, silver he gives him .

A a : art 1 3 A decision . son s ys to his mother Thou not a in x my mother ; his h ir is cut off, ( ) the city they e clude 2 and 3 him from earth (and) water in the house imprison him .

A a a : art 1 4 A decision . f ther s ys to his son Thou not

my son in house and brick building they imprison him .

A a t 1 5 A decision . mother s ys to her son : Thou art no n my son in house a d property they imprison her.

A a a 1 6 A decision . wom n is unf ithful to her husband ' and says to him : Thou art not my husband ; into the

river they throw her .

A a a art 1 7 A decision . husb nd s ys to his wife Thou not

my wife half a maneh of silver he weighs out (in payment) .

s A a 4 1 8 A . a decision m ster kills (his) sl ves, cuts them to 6 f a pieces, inj ures their of spring, drives them from the l nd 7 and makes them small ; his hand every d ay a half a Of a a me sure corn me sures out (in requit l) .

r a as a The w iting (of this t blet is) bove , (beginning ”

a an a . S a every d wn , o th eventh t blet (of the series which ” begins to be with him .

A r a Old (Copy) belonging to ssy i , like its (text is) it

and r - - written eng aved . The country of ASSUR BANI PAL S R D A a. ( A ANAPALUS), the mighty King, King of ssyri

“ In a o o t the Assyri n versi n he rec g nises his pledg e o him . 2 “ In a o u b the Assyri n versi n they h m le him . 3 “ ” I n a o the Assyri n versi n they expel him . 4 In a o the Assyri n versi n sa ws a s u nder and kills . 5 “ ” In a o a a the Assyri n versi n sl ve . 6 “ ” In a o b the Assyri n versi n ea ts . 7 In a the Assyri n versi o n m a kes ill . SYNCHRON OUS

H I TO Y O F A Y I A AN YL S R SS R D BAB O N IA .

TRANSLATE D B Y

R E A H Y C V . . . S A E ,

T H E Tablet t ra n slat ed b elow i s rath er a collection of brief notices relating t o th e occasion s on which As s y ria and Baby lonia cam e into contact with one anoth er than a s ynchronou s history in th e prop er

s ens e of th e w ord . N o dates are g iven , and long p eriod s o f ti m e are pass ed over in silence ; but th e

w chronolog ical order in hich th e events are arrang ed , and th e s ynch ronis m s established betw een various king s of th e two count ries furnis h a valuable basis for

m k r reconstructing th e fra ewor of th eir histo y , wh en U k help ed ou t b y oth er inscriptions . nli e th e larg er

t par of th e library t o which i t b elong ed , this tablet 2 6 R OR D O F EC S THE PAST .

was m A orig inally co posed b y ss y rian scrib es , as th e p urely Ass yrian p oint of view fro m which each o c

w currence i s reg arded w ould Sho , and i s p ost erior t o

r B m u nf r th e eig h th centu y C . Th e docu ent i s o tunatel r m y ve y inco plete , and th e translation s which follow are mad e fro m a nu m b er of frag m ents now M m in th e British useu . T he principal p ortion of t h e m I s t o b e found in th e Cuneifor m I nscr iptions of

We te 6 s r n As ia V . w m , ol . i i , p l . 5 a piec e hich for ed th e up p er p o rtion of th e tablet is g iven in th e third

m N O . w m m volu e, 3 ; hil e th e re aining frag en ts are

wa s still unpublish ed . Th e docu m en t translat ed b y m y s elf in th e Tr a nsa ctions of tbc S ociety of B iblica l

A c/ olo V . P . 1 x r iw . gy, ol ii , t , and e tensive quotation s

fro m i t have b een g iven b y M r . G . S mith i n t h e i T a ns O f . . P 1 . r nsactio m V . th e sa e S ociet y , ol , t

A sh ort review of ou r m aterials for det ermining th e early chronolog y of As sy ria may not b e ou t of place

w e on m es. h ere . Th e y ears ere count ed b y p y called linz eni k arkhons A a nd , li e th e at th ens th e fact that

m m -nirari R ecor ds o t/ze P as t th e i nscription of Ri on , f ,

V I - A - u alladh i. ol . , p . , th e g reat g randson of ss ur y p , i s

m S halm anu rris dated i n th e ep ony y of , proves th e

2 8 R R D F ECO S O THE PAST.

Piles er t o fix th e date of his predecessor m u st have

w been of Bab y lonian orig in . This ag rees well ith o u r finding that in th e inscrip tions of Assu r-bani - pal

C udu r- Nankhu ndi m m trans lite re d K - , so eti es udur nan E m “ A hundi , th e la it e is said t o have opp ress ed ccad

16 n m jus t 35 y ears b efore his ow conqu est o f Ela . A m p recis e chronolog ical record , according l y , s ee s t o h ave b een kept firs t i n Baby lonia and afterwards in Ass yria fro m a period which dat es back b eyond the

m m B I m C . t secon d illeniu . ay be added that th e early Bab ylonians m ad e u s e also of i m portant events like th e cap ture of a cit y or th e inu ndation of a river as

- w m chronolog ical starting p oints ; hile l eg al docu ents ,

m x as ig h t b e e p ected , reckoned b y the reg nal y ears of th e king in w hos e lifeti m e th ey w ere drawn up . SYNCHRONOUS HISTO RY OF ASSYRIA AND A Y A B B LONI .

O nly the ends of the lines which begin the tablet have been iscovered a nd the fir le ble a m en f h , st g i fr g t o t e i nsc rip ti on is as g01lows

Ob' / r se C ol I z e . .

I 1 R - I N D AS Gan CA A , King (of

2 and A R -B I L - —S U A a a SSU NISI , King of ssyri , covenant 3 between them with one another established 4 and a pledge with regard to the boundaries as fixed 3 a a a bove to one nother g ve .

R - A R A a and R - BUR YAS 5 BUZU SSU , King of ssyri , BU NA ,

6 G an - duni as a an a and King of y , m de ordin nce, common a as a fi 7 bound ries foresaid xed .

8 A R - YUPAL L AD H A a In the time of SSU , King of ssyri ,

R - MU R D AS CA A ,

G an-duni as M UPAL L I D H AT-S R 9 King of y , son of E UA

1 0 a A R -YUPAL L AD H a the d ughter of SSU , men of the C ssi

I I a a and -B revolted g inst, Slew him . NAZI UGAS 1 2 a m an of low parentage to the kingdom to (be) over

them they raised .

Ca a - a B u a-bu r a s and Ca a -m u rdas b o o Ca o r r ind s, rn y , r el ng ed t the ssi Koss ma ns a n a b h u B b u K a , El mite tri e which ad co nq ered a yl oni a nder h m m ura a s . to ab a a of B o u a nd g They seem represent the Ar i n dyn sty er s s, a Bab o i a a The a wa s fi a o b m de yl n the r C pit l . dyn sty n lly overthr wn y the a Ti la th‘ Ada r s o n of S a a who a u Bab o Assyri n king g , h lm neser, c pt red yl n a nd C . The established a line O f S emitic king s there in the 14th cent u ry B . tra nsa cti o ns reco rded in the present p assag e probably too k place a bo u t 100 a ye rs previously . “ ” “ Ga n-du ni a s a o a G u n- u o u or o o f y ( ls c lled d ni) , the encl s re f rtress ” Du wa s C a aea f Bab o havm i a ni Western h ld , the city o yl n g rece ved th t a o C n me fr m so me a ssite prince o r deity . 3 “ ” L f t a a a now o . a a s a o a . o iter lly, res id This refers preceding p ss g e l st R R D F 3 0 ECO S O THE PAST.

‘ BEL -N I RA R I A r a a a I 3 ( , King of ssy ia, to) ex ct s tisf ction 1 4 (for CAR A-M UR D AS ) to Gan—duniyas went

1 - B G an- duni as 5 (NAZI UGAS , King of y ) he slew ’ 1 6 R - GAL ZU R - BU R YAS (CU I , son of) BU NA ,

1 7 (on the throne he seated . )

Lac n u a .

’ 3 I - U R UD A I S G an- duni as NAZI , King of y , 2 (at) C ar- Istar —agarsal (Tiglath-Adar) smote ’ 3 (a destruction) of NAZI ~U R UDA I S he made 4 (when in) the neighbourhood of the City Of Akhi —rabi- su ha he d come . 5 These common boundaries 6 (from) above the country of Pilaz

and t A - a a 7 (to) the river Tigris , ( ) the ci y of rman ag rs l 8 a a fi (in the moun)t ins they ppointed and xed .

G an- duni as 9 King of y , I O in the might of battle

La a cun .

H was son of u - u a lladh a nd a o to a n o e the Ass r y p , cc rding inscripti n - . o a bro u g ht ba ck fro m Ka l a h S herg h a t by Mr G . S mith destr yed the rmy ” Ca a nd o o f a a u . o f the ssi, the sp il his enemies his h nd c pt red o o f C u - alz u a b o u Ba b o a Inscripti ns ri g h ve een f nd in yl ni , in which he a s o n o f B u a-bu r a s o u u be a c lls himself rn y ; his, c nseq ently, m st the n me to be s u pplied here . 3 A he nce um u 18 b a wa a M . G . S t 2 0 s r mith ( J ne , 74) elieves th t this the l st C h w s o b Ti la th- In king o f the a ssite dyn a sty w o a verthro wn y g Ada r . a a a u be a a nd Ti la th- a o u be th t c se, this fr g ment m st pl ced here, g Ad r w ld be a o a ha s to be u . It u o the Assyri n king wh se n me s pplied m st c nfessed,

o a u a not a o o ffi u . h wever, th t s ch view is lt g ether free fr m di c lties R O O OR OF R ETC . SYNCH N US HIST Y ASSY IA, 3 1

O C LUMN II . his servants he made (them) ‘ 2 as far as a the city of Kull r.

B EL -CH AD R EZZAR A a AD R -P I L ES ER 3 , King of ssyri , ( A ) ’ BEL - - - 4 had slain . CH AD R EZZAR did RIMMON (PAL I D D I NA

avenge) . 5 in the midst of that conflict AD AR - PI L ES ER 3 (was de a and fe ted, )

- 6 to his country returned . His forces (RIMMON PAL I DD I NA collected, and) a 7 to Nineveh to c pture (it) went . 8 in the midst of it he fought ; he turned about and (to

his country returned) .

ZAMAMA- —I D D I N Gan 9 In the time of SUMA , King (of duni as y , ) 4 A R -D A a an- uni I O G d as . SSU AYAN , King of ssyri , to y (went) I 1 a a I rri a and A a a a (The cities) of Z b , y , ( ) g rs l he (c ptured A 1 2 (their spoil) in abundance to ssyria (he carried . )

Lacuna .

- These lines m a y p ossibly still refer to the conq uest of Tig la th Adar . Th R - al-iddina K o fBab a ha s b u e n a me of imm on p , in g yl oni , een s pplied

. S . here by a n ing eni o u s co nject ure of M r . G mith 3 A a -Pile s e r was o f a a nd a a was o to d r kin g Assyri , it is pl in th t he f rced a to N wa s a u b R o - al-iddina a a retre t ineveh, which c pt red y imm n p ; f ct It wa s obab which the Assyria n histo ri a n describes e u phemistica lly . pr ly upo n this occa si o n th a t the sea l of Tig la th-Ada r was ca rried o ff to Bab lo n o wa s b o u ba 600 a a a b S e nnache ryi , fr m which it r g ht ck ye rs fterw rds y - - - Ti la th Pile se r I . a o f Ada r pilese r wa s the fa ther of Assu r da ya n . g s ys - u a nd him th a t he C lea red awa y his enemies like p ea fo wl over the co ntry, ” o a rg nised the a rmies o f Assyria . “ - - u f Assur daya n is ca lled by Tig la th Pile se r I . the lifter o the pre cious u u o f o o f B e l Bab o nIa ns who sceptre, the p rs er the pe ple (the y ) , ha d co nferred the wo rk o f his h a nd a nd the g ift o f his fing ers up on the ” at o n ha a old a e a nd of a . g re g ds, a d d ttained to g leng th ye rs 2 R R D 3 ECO S O F THE PAST .

‘ 1 a A R —R I S - Thereupon to his l nd ( SSU ILIM) returned . After him (NEB OCH AD R EZZAR ) 2 a a a c rried his arm ments . To the p sses of the border of (Assyria)

A R -R I - . S A r a 3 to conquer he went SSU ILIM, King of ssy i ,

4 his chariots mustered against him to go . EBOC H AD R EZZAR a a 5 N , when the rm ments do not ad a a a fire v nce, his b gg ge with burned 6 a and n he turned bout to his country retur ed . 7 The same N EBOCH AD R EZZAR (with) chariots and teams to the defences of the border

A R -R I - 8 of Assyria to conquer went . SSU s ILIM

an a a 9 chariots ( d) te ms for ssistance sent forth . 1 0 With him he fought ; a destruction of him he ma de ; his soldiers he smote 1 I his camp he plundered ; forty of his harnessed chariots they had brought back

1 2 a a a h a one st nd rd th t went before his host they ad t ken .

’ I TI G LATH - P I L ES ER A a R OD - I D D I N 3 , King of ssyri , ME ACH Gan-duni as AKHI , King of y ,

1 a w a a as a 4 second time ( ith) a squ dron of ch riots, m ny as in the city of the

I Zab t Arz ukhina a 5 lower in sight of the ci y of he m de, 1 6 in the second year on the shore of the sea which (is) ’ a A a . bove cc d, smote

A u - - a o A u - a a and a o f Ti a ss r ris ilim, the g r nds n Of ss r d y n f ther l th

b o u b ir . Ra Pilese r I . ha s fi S H o , een ing eni sly identi ed y wlins n wit the B b a C u a - -athaim o a a s It a a u o . i lic l sh n rish , wh se n me, st nds, is cert inly c rr pt “ Ti a -Pile se r a o fu o u o of o i a l th c lls him the p wer l king , c nq er r f re g n l nds, ll ” s uSduing a wickedness . - l has u Tigla th Pi e se r I . left a deta iled a cco nt of his exploits in the

o was a a 18 b ir H . R a o c linder inscripti n which tr nsl ted in 5 7 y S wlins n, b Fi x bo Dr. H a nd M . e r . a r. Fo a O t S a a T l t, incks, pp enn cheri st tes th t he was ca rried ca ptive to Babyl o n by Mero dach -iddin-a khi 4 18 yea rs before his own inva sio n o f Babyl o nia (tha t is abo u t 1 1 10 3 Acca d was ou - a C a a a nd sea to P a s th e stern h lde , the referred the ersi n Guif R O O OR O F R ETC . SYNCH N US HIST Y ASSY IA, 33

1 D ur-curi alz u Si ara un 7 The cities of g , pp of the S , l 1 8 Sippara Of Anu nit;

1 a and O a 9 B bylon , ( ) pis, gre t strongholds,

2 0 a a together with their cit dels, he c ptured . ’ 2 1 In those days the C ity of Agar sal 2 2 as far as L ubdi he devastated ’ ’ 2 3 the land of the Sukhi as far as the city of Rapik to

(its) whole extent (he conquered) .

3 2 A R - BI L - A a 4 In the time of SSU CALA , (King of ssyri , )

2 and R OD -S API C-CUL L AT G an-duni as 5 ( ) ME ACH , King of y , 2 6 (friendship and complete) alliance 2 a 7 (with one nother) they made .

2 8 A R - BI L - A ia (In the time of SSU )CALA, King of ( ssyr ) ,

2 R OD - S AP I C—CUL L AT G an-duni as 9 (ME ACH , King of) y his

death (seized) .

0 D a 3 SA UNI , the son of nobody,

3 1 (to the kingdom over) them they raised .

2 A R - B I L - A r a 3 ( SSU CALA) , King of ssy i , 33 (to G an- duniyas) went down

34 (its Spoil) to Assyr ia he brought .

Th n ll n The u a ed re er e be in in the e fo ows a lacu a . m til t v s g s d l f mi d e o a r eign .

The two S ippa ra s (whence the d ual S eph a rva im of S criptu re) seem t O B - P The Si o a b n of u a . h ve een o pp osite sides the river, like d esth te b u is represented y the m o dern S ra . 2 ’ , u f ab o a The S ukhi o r S hu hite s seem to have lived to the so th o B yl ni , nea r the j u ncti o n Of the Tig ris a nd Euphrates . 3 - - - I n a u a in Assur bil ca l a wa s the so n o f Tig la th pile se r I . m til ted

o f o r Pa . scriptio n he cl a ims the c o nq u est o f the la nd the West, lestine A b o of who a o b o o r a wa s r ther his, scended the thr ne either ef re fter him ,

S a a -R o a of of o o f N . m s imm n , the rep irer the Temple the g ddess ineveh

VO L . I I I . R R D F 3 4 ECO S O THE PAST.

COLUMN II I .

— » Nebo -suma iscun

0 1 fought a destruction of him he made

3 - 0 (The cities) of Bam bala (and) Khudadu P- (and) many (other) cities T a and a a U (he c ptured, ) their spoil in bund nce O A a (to ssyri ) took . N I MATI a a his de th constr ined . their daughters to one another

they gave . 9 (Friendship and) complete alliance with one another they (made) 1 0 (The men of) Assyria (and) Accad with one another

trafficked . I I From the mound of Bit-bari which (is) above the city Of the Zab ‘ 1 2 to the mound of BATANI and of the city Zabdani a

boundary line they fixed .

' 2 I S R A a 3 (In the time) of HALMANESE , King of ( ssyri ,)

I and EB O - —1DD 1NA G an- duni as 4 ( N )PAL , King of y , I 5 friendship (and) complete alliance a 1 6 (with) one another they m de . In the time of SHALMA N ES ER A a , King (of ssyri ) , 1 7 (N EB O-)PAL- I D D 1NA his death constrained 1 8 MER OD ACH -SUMA- I D D I N on the throne of his father sat

- — 1 R OD B I L a a . 9 ME ACH USATE, his brother, g inst him revolted 2 0 (The city of Ah)daban he took the l and of Accad fi R 2 1 had . S (strongly) he forti ed HALMANESE , King of A a ( ssyri ,)

B B -b n ab a ua a Lo Zab o th it a ri a d Z d ni were sit ted ne r the wer , the

Ca pru s o f classical g eog ra phers . This is the king wh ose inscriptio n o n the m onolith found at Kurkh is transl ated in the present vol u me .

R D O 36 R ECO S F THE PAST.

1 1 M ay he who Sumir and Accad shall rule ” al 1 2 interpret them to l races .

n Coloplzo .

(Writtenout for the palace of ASSU R - BANI - PAL)

Assyria . A A L O F A U - A - P L N N S SS R N S I R A .

O D R D (S METIMES CALLE SA ANAPALUS . )

R D W T ANSLATE , ITH NOTES , B R EV M R D L L M . . . O . A . y j W E , , ECT O F S T ETH ELB G A . U B . C . R OR R ,

C O N C E R N I N G Assur- nasir- habal or Assur- nasir- pal Ass a r preser ves tko s on) we posses s fuller bistori O f A m cal records than an y other of the ssyrian onarchs , and am ong th ese the following inscrip tion i s the m ost m F . m m i portant ro it, and fro th e inscription u pon

M L a ard I hi s s tatu e discovered b y r . y in the ruins of O f Nim ro ud m w e wa s one th e te ples , learn that h e the

Tuklat- A Tuklat- Nini son of dar or p, that he reig ned “ over a territo ry e x tending fro m the Tig ri s to the Lebanon and that h e broug h t the g reat sea and all countries fro m the su n - rise to the sun - set under hi s ” w a re s ay . These i nscriptions published in the

Cunei or m I ns cr i tions o Wes ter n As ia V . f p f , ol i ,

— . 1 2 w a a P pl 7 7 , and ere parti lly tr nslated by rofessor ’ ‘ ’ ’ ’ O e rt H s E nz ir cs cle C/za la ee et cl Ass r ie pp i toir e a es p y , A nna les de /ziloso nic . E r tr a it cles p 7 3 and foll . p p ’ cnretienne m ix 186 . T o . , 5 There i s considerable difficulty and a con sequ ent

O f diverg ence opinion , as to the precise date when

- - Assur nasir pal ascended the throne . Bu t h e m ost

— C . p robably reig n ed fro m 883 858 B .

u u Now in the British M se m . R R D F 3 8 ECO S O THE PAST .

I t need scarcely be remark ed that Assur - nasi r- pal i s a di fferen t person fro m th e well know n Sardana

A - - palus o f classic wri ters or ssur bani pal , the son of

- ho m B — 2 E w . . 8 sar haddon reig ned fro abou t C 66 6 5 . I t will be seen fro m th e i nscription that the campaig ns of Assu r- nasir- p al took place i n th e m oun A m C o m m a e ne tain s of r enia, in g and the provinces of P M o schi I the ontu s , inhabited b y th e and other tribes . H e p robabl y ad vanced int o M edia and a portion o f Western Persia . T h e countri es on th e

k O f E m m ban s th e u ph rat es sub itted to his ar s , and in one of hi s ex p editions h e vanqu ish ed Nabu - ba l- iddi h W king of Bab ylon . estward , h e reduced th e southern m part of S y ria, an d advanced t o th e ountain chains

O f Am a nu s L th e and ebanon , bu t thoug h h e p en e trate d as far as to T yre and Sidon and ex acted tribut e fro m both as w ell as fro m Byblus and k A radus P o . m , h e did n ot subdue h enicia Th e ing do s I A of srael an d Judah , under th e s way of hab and

Jeh osaphat w ere no d oubt t oo p ow erful , as is evinced by th e armi es which th ey m u st have m aintain ed for t hei r strugg le wit h th e S yrians 2 fo r A ssur- nasir- pal to m was have ventured u p on attacking th e . T his feat A reserved for his succes sors on th e thron e of ss yria . Th e inscription was found i n the ruin s of the T em ple at the foot of th e Py ramid at Nim roud

l ch (C a a ) .

The M P . esek o f salm cxx . 5

nd a . S ee 2 Chron . xvii . a foll owing ch pters A A S OF A - A - P NN L SSUR N SIR AL .

‘ 1 I N I P m ost r a To N powerful hero, g e t, chief of the gods , a a ha w rrior, powerful Lord , whose onset in b ttle s not

been opposed , eldest son , ’ 2 of first- NUKI MMUT crusher opponents, born son of , 3 supporter of the seven , noble ruler, King of the gods the

a a producers , governor, he who rolls long the m ss

a and a a a a 3 of he ven e rth , opener of c n ls, tre der of the a a wide e rth, the god who in his divinity nourishes he ven and a beneficent e rth, the , a has 4 the ex lted , the powerful, who not lessened the a ‘ a a glory of his f ce , he d of n tions, bestower of sceptres ,

all a 5 glorious , over cities ruler, a a a a 5 v li nt, the renown of whose sceptre is not ppro ched, a a a chief of wide spre d influence , gre t mong the gods , a Sh ding from the southern sun, Lord of Lords , whose hand the vault of heaven 6 6 and a has a a ( ) e rth controlled , King in b ttle mighty has a O L who v nquished pposition , victorious, powerful , ord 7 a and a of w ter courses se s ,

Nini a o of a Pa o o o p was one of the g re t g ds the Assyri n nthe n , ften j ined with Ass u r a s o ne o f the speci a l deities invoked by the Assyria n king s a t H a a o u the o pening of their inscripti ons . is n me is ls written nder the b l u a a co n sym ol used fo r iro n (par z i ) . Th s in l ter times the pl nets were nec e d a t with specia l met ls .

A o a a o N u a a nd o o f N bo a s a s o f g ddess , c lled ls h , the m ther e well l kimm u t w1th i Fo x a b G loss . I 8 o a n u a Nin p . T l o t ( 5 ) c mp res ) the ” “ ” - b . i. e. a l um P . 1 g o f rov . xxx 3 , , irresisti le 3 P i I o as r r or a m on s r its. la nets . O wa r i menti n this rendering the , g p

M G u I f a 1ve n abo . . S o u o o f . s gg esti n r mith , th g h pre er th t g ve “ ” L b . 1 . f. o itera lly ho rn . C J xvi 5 5 M a L a m a ssue our r e ner s u r les n a llu . en nt renders this sentence p g villes. 6 f. P . 8 . C S xxiv. 7 f. Ps i u . . C . xcv . 4 ; c v. 6 ; cv 35 0 R O R D F 4 EC S O THE PAST .

t n 7 s rong, not yielding, whose onset brings dow the green c a orn , smiting the l nd of the enemy, like the cutting of

C a reeds, the deity who h nges not his purposes,

8 a and a a a the light of he ven e rth , bold le der on the a a a a and w ters , destroyer of them th t h te (him) , spoiler ( ) i a Lord of the disobedient , divid ng enemies, whose n me in the speech of the gods has a a 9 no god ever disreg rded, the g therer of life, the a are a t god whose pr yers good, whose bode is in the ci y

a a a a — am A R - R of C l h , gre t Lord, my Lord (who ) SSU NASI

PAL, the mighty King, I O a a all King of multitudes , Prince unequ lled , Lord of

the four countries, powerful over hosts of men , the possession of B EL and N I N I P the exalted and AN U

‘ and D a a a I I of AKAN , serv nt of the gre t gods in the lofty shrine for great (O N I N I P ) is thy heart ; a worshipper of B EL whose might upon 1 2 a and a thy gre t deity is founded , thou m kest righteous

a a a A R his life , v li nt , w rrior, who in the service of SSU his a and a Lord h th proceeded, mong the Kings 1 has a 3 of the four regions who not his fellow, Prince for a a a a an dmir tion , not Sp ring opponents , mighty le der, who equal

1 has a 4 not , Prince reducing to order his disobedient ones , has a who subdued whole multitudes of men, strong a n worker, tre ding dow

1 a a all 5 the he ds of his enemies , tr mpling on foes, crushing a a ssembl ges of rebels , who in the service of the great gods his Lords 1 6 marched vigorously and the lands of all of them his ’ a a t a all a h nd c p ured , c used the forests of of them to f ll , and received their tribute, taking

b b o Pro a ly the Da g n o f S cript ure . 3 “ C b I c u t o a a . o a oa a a . 2 mp re the st in Is i h xxxvii 4, d wn the t ll ced rs O F R - R -PAL ANNALS ASSU NASI . 4 I

1 a a all a 7 securities, est blishing l ws over l nds , when ASSU R the Lord who proclaims my name and augments my Royalty 1 8 laid hold upon his invincible power for the forces of

A R - R - L , I P my ordship for SSU NAS PAL, glorious rince , worshipper of the great gods

1 a a 9 the generous , the gre t, the powerful , cquirer of cities

and and all forests the territory of of them, King of

Lords, destroying the wicked , strengthening 2 0 a a a firm the pe ceful , not sp ring opponents, Prince of

i P a all w ll ( ) one who comb ts oppression , Lord of Kings, 2 1 a Lord of Lords , the cknowledged , King of Kings, a l NI N I P a se ted glorious y, the renown of the w rrior,

a fi worshipper of the gre t gods , prolonging the bene ts (conferred by) his fathers

2 2 a A R and Sun- Prince who in the service of SSU the god,

a a the gods in whom he trusted , roy lly m rched to turbulent a and had a a l nds , Kings who rebelled g inst him 2 a all a 3 he cut off like gr ss , their l nds to his feet he sub ected and a j , restorer of the worship of the goddesses th t a of the gre t gods, 2 a a a 4 Chief unw vering, who for the guid nce of the he ds and a a a fa a a ( ) elders of his l nd is ste d st gu rdi n, the work of whose hands and 2 5 the gift of whose finger the great gods of heaven and ’ a a a and a e rth h ve ex lted , his steps over rulers h ve they established for ever 2 6 their power for the preservation of my Royalty have and they exercised ; the retribution of his power, ( ) the approach of His Maj esty over Princes 2 7 of the four regions they have extended the enemi es of

A R all and SSU in their country, the upper the lower I

a and and ch stised , tribute impost

b o . P . a a G . H o f s . 2 ing s C . xl , e h th est lished my g ing s 2 R R D F 4 ECO S O THE PAST .

2 8 m a a upon the I est blished , c pturing the enemies of A R — A a TUKLAT SSU mighty King, King of ssyri , son of AD AR who all his enemies 2 9 has sca ttered ; (who) in the dust threw down the

m a BI N -N I R AR I corpses of his ene ies , the gr ndson of , the a a serv nt of the gre t gods , 3 0 who crucified alive and routed his enemies and subdued

a A R -DAN- I L them to his yoke , descend nt of SSU , who the fortresses

1 a an 3 est blished ( d) the fanes made good . In those I days by the decree of the great gods to royalty power supremacy I rose up

2 am a am a L am am a 3 I King, I ord , I glorious , I gre t ,

am a a am am a I mighty, I h ve risen , I Chief, I Prince , I am a warrior

am a and am A R - R - B a 3 3 I gre t I glorious , SSU NASI HA AL,

A a a - mighty King of ssyri , procl imer of the Moon god , ’ AN U a YAV a worshipper of , ex lter of , suppli nt of the gods am a i a 3 4 I , serv nt uny elding, subduing the l nd of his foe m an a a , King mighty in b ttle , destroyer of cities and

forests ,

3 5 Chief over opponents, King of the four regions , expeller a all a of his foes, prostr ting his enemies, Prince of multi tude of lands of all Kings 6 all a 3 even of , Prince subduing those disobedient to ll a . him , who is ruling the multitudes of men These aspirations to the face of the great gods 3 7 have gone up ; on my destiny steadfastly have they determined ; at the wishes of my heart and the uplifting

a R a of my h nd, ISTA , ex lted Lady, 8 a a and 3 h th f voured me in my intentions, to the conduct

M outh .

3 The g od Yav may be the Ya veh o f the M oabite sto ne .

R O R D F 44 EC S O THE PAST.

I Spoiled ; their soldiers were discouraged ; they took

a fi a a a possession of dif cult mount in, mount in exceedingly diffi cult ; after them

was a a a 4 9 I did not proceed, for it mount in scending up t and a a like lof y points of iron, the be utiful birds of he ven had not reached up into it like nests 5 0 of the young birds in the midst of the mountain their

a defence they pl ced, into which none of the Kings my fathers had ever penetrated : in 3 days

1 a a a van 5 successfully on one l rge mount in, his cour ge quished opposition : along the feet of that mountain I and crept hid their nests, their tents, 5 2 I broke up ; 2 0 0 of their warriors with weapons I de stroyed their spoil in abundance like the young of sheep I carried O ff ; 5 3 their corpses like rubbish on the mountains I heaped up ; their relics in tangled hollows of the mountains I

' consumed ; their cities

fire : 54 I overthrew, I demolished , in I burned from the land of Nummi to the land of Kirruri I came down the tribute of Kirruri Zimiz i Zimira Ulm an a Adavas 5 5 of the territory of , , y , , ‘ Kar ai H arm asai fish P g , , horses, ( ) 6 as 5 oxen, horned sheep in numbers, copper, their tribute I received : an offi cer to guard boundaries over them I

a a Kirruri pl ced . While in the l nd of a a A R L 5 7 they det ined me, the fe r of SSU my ord over l a Gilz anai and Khubuskai whe med the l nds of horses , silver

8 barns as 5 gold, tin, copper, of copper their tribute they F a Kirruri brought to me . rom the l nd of I withdrew

b a a n m a l o h a st. oo as a o Lit . i s f t e E This l ks if the Assyri ns t ined the o h rse fro m so me Ea stern la nd . 3 r a i c o . O , V er y O F R - R -PAL ANNALS ASSU NASI . 4 5

59 to a territory close by the town Khulun in Gilhi - Bitani

a a Khalaru Nistun I rbidi I p ssed the cities of Kh tu , , , , 60 Mitkie Arz anie a Khalue ilh , , Zil , , cities of G i situated in the environs of Uz ie and Arue

6 1 Arardi a and powerful l nds, I occupied : their soldiers

a in numbers I slew ; their spoil , their riches I c rried off; 6 2 their soldiers were discouraged the summits projecting over against the city of Nistun which were menacing like a a the storms of he ven , I c ptured ; 63 into which no one among the Princes my sires had ever penetrated ; my soldiers like birds (of prey) rushed upon them ; 64 2 60 of their warriors by the sword I smote down ; their heads cut off in heaps I arranged ; the rest of them like birds 6 in 5 a nest, in the rocks of the mountains nestled ; their a spoil , their riches from the midst of the mount ins I brought down cities which were in the midst 66 a a of v st forests situ ted I overthrew, destroyed, burned in fire ; the rebellious soldiers fled from before my arms ; they came down ; my yoke 67 they received impost tribute and a Viceroy I set B B over them . BU U son of BU UA son of the Prefect of Nistun 68 in the city of Arbela I flayed ; his skin I stretched in . At a an a contempt upon the wall . th t time im ge of my person I made ; a history of my supremacy 6 and a a a 9 upon it I wrote , (on) mount in of the l nd of in the city of ASSUR - NASI R - PAL at the foot I “ own erected (it) . In my eponym in the month of July

C . and the 2 4th day (probably B . 7 0 in honour of ASSUR and ISTAR the great gods my

A u a u u u o b K u a . m o nt in o s co ntry nea r the pper Tig ris, p ssi ly rdist n

The H b Ab e rew m onth . 6 R OR D OF 4 EC S THE PAST.

t of Lords, I quitted the ci y Nineveh : to Cities S ituated below Nipur and Paz ate powerful countries

1~ Atkun ithu Pilaz i an 2 7 I proceeded ; , N , , d 0 other cities in their environs I captured ; many of their soldiers I slew ; 2 a ff 7 their spoil , their riches I c rried o ; the cities I burned with fir e ; the rebel soldiers fled from before my a rms, submitted , 7 3 and took my yoke ; I left them in pos session of their

F i r land . rom the cities below N pu and Paz ate I with drew ; the Tigris I passed ; 7 4 to the land of C omm agene I approached ; the tribute

I C omma ene and M oschi bams of g of the in of copper, sheep and goats I received ; while in C omm agene was i a 7 5 I stat oned, they brought me intelligence th t the

- Kh lu h city Suri in Bit a pe ad revolted . The people of Hamath had slain their governor ’ 7 6 AH I YABABA the son of L AMAMANA they brought from

- n Bit Adini and made him their Ki g . By help of ASSUR and YAv

a a an e a 7 7 the gre t gods who ggr diz my roy lty, chariots, and an a m : a Chaboras 3 ( ) r y, I collected the b nks of the I occupied ; in my passage tribute 78 in abun dance from SALMAN - HAMAN - ILIN of the city of ‘ Sadikannai and I L - t of S a of YAV of the ci y un i, silver,

gold, [tam of m 7 9 tin , copper, vest ents of wool, vestments of

In Kum muhi a nd M us/t i. the text, 3 H wa s of O o a La m am a n a obo and a Dr. incks pini n th t me nt n dy th t a m a n l S o n o f La m a m a n was a delica te way o f indicating of ow o rig in . 6 N o c t. . . rr . p 90

3 b r b C ba o P o a Kha u . m a e Assyri n , This y the he r menti ned in the r phet

u o G eo r . o a o Chabo ra s Ezekiel . S ch ltens h wever (in his g ) menti ns n ther which flo ws into the Tig ris .

In the n o rth of Meso po ta mi a . O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL. 4 7

- linen I received . To Suri which is in Bit H alupe I drew near ; 8 0 the fear of the approach of ASSUR my Lord over whelmed them ; the great men and the multitudes of the

‘ a a city, for the s ving of their lives, coming up fter me , 8 1 a submitted to my yoke ; some sl in, some living, some tongue -less I made AH I YABABA son of L AMAMAN A

8 2 -A had a whom from Bit dini they fetched , I c ptured in the valour of my heart and the steadfastness of my all soldiers I besieged the city ; the soldiers , rebels , 83 were taken prisoners ; the nobles to the principal a a a a p l ce of his l nd I c used to send ; his silver, his gold, a r his tre su e , his riches , copper

8 P ba r ns tabbani lzar iati 4 ( ) tin, , , of copper, choice copper

a a a a a and - a in bund nce , l b ster iron stone of l rge size

8 r a a a and w 5 the t e sures of his h rem, his d ughters the ives a and of the rebels with their tre sures , the gods with their a tre sures, 8 a 6 precious stones of the land of his swift ch riot ,

a n a - a his horses , the h r ess , his ch riot yoke , tr ppings for n horses , coveri gs for men, 8 a a a 7 vestments of wool , vestments of linen , h ndsome lt rs

a a a - of ced r, h ndsome bowls of ced r wood, 88 a a a be utiful bl ck coverings , be utiful purple coverings , a a a c rpets , his oxen, his Sheep , his bund nt spoil , which

like the stars of heaven could not be reckoned, 89 I carried off ; AZIEL as my lieutenant over them I placed ; a trophy along the length of the great gate I erected the rebellious nobles 90 who had revolted against me and whose skins I had off a a : stripped , I m de into trophy some in the middle of the pile I left to decay ; some on the top 9 1 of the pile on stakes I impaled ; some by the side of

L to ba . it . , my ck 8 R OR D F 4 EC S O THE PAST.

the pile I placed in order on stakes many within View of my land 92 I flayed ; their skins on the walls I arranged ; of the ’ ffi ffi OH o cers of the King s o cer, rebels, the limbs I cut ;

‘ AH I YABABA a and 93 I brought to Nineveh ; I fl yed , him fastened his skin to the wall ; laws and edicts W 94 over Lakie I established . hile I was staying in Suri the tribute of the Princes of Lakie throughout the whole

of them, barn 95 silver, gold , tin , copper, of copper, oxen, Sheep , and as vestments of wool linen, tribute fi nd 6 and a . 9 gift , I de ned imposed upon them In those a K H AYAN I H indanai d ys , the tribute of of the city of ,

silver,

tin amu— a a a a 97 gold, , copper, stone , l b ster blocks , be utiful bla ck (and) lustrous coverings I received as tribute from a an a a him . In those d ys enl rged im ge 98 of my Royalty I made ; edicts and decrees upon it I wrote ; in the midst of his palace I put it up ; of stone my tablets I made 99 the decrees of my throne upon it I wrote ; in the a a fi a a gre t g te I xed them , in the d te of this ye r which

a a A R t kes its n me from me , in honour of SSU my Lord

2 and NI N I P who uplifts my feet . 1 00 Wherea s in the times of the Kin gs my fathers no man

S A a had I L - B of uhi to ssyri ever come , ANI Prince of Suhi together with his soldiers and as ( ) his son , silver, gold his tribute to Nineveh in 3 abundance brought : in my own eponym at the city of Nineveh I stayed : news

f a . The Co mp a re 2 M acc . vii . 7 o r a somewh at simil r proceeding c usto m m ay a lso be a ll u ded to in Mic . iii . 3 . 3 Co a PS . . L u f . mp re lxxiv 3, ift p thy eet, etc 3 b 8 C . A out 82 B . OF R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL . 4 9

1 0 2 a a A a and they brought me th t men of the l nd of ssyri , ( ) H ULAI the governor of their city which SHALMANESER King of Assyria my predecessor

1 0 H asiluha had had ! 3 to the city of united , revolted ’ Dandamusa a city of my dominion marched out to subdue (them) ;

1 0 A R Sun- and YAv 4 in honour of SSU , the god , the gods in c a and a whom I trust , my h riots rmy I collected at the

a Zu nat a an a he d of the river p , the pl ce of im ge

1 0 TI GL ATH - PI L ES ER and TI G L ATH -AD R 5 which A , Kings Of Assyria my fathers had raised ; an image of My n Maj esty I constructed a d put up with theirs .

" 1 0 6 In those days I renewed the tribute of the land of ’ I z ala a : a Kas ari , oxen, sheep , go ts to the l nd of y I and Kinabu proceeded , to

1 fi H ulai 0 7 the forti ed city of the province of . I drew near ; with the impetuosity of my formidable attack I besieged and took the town 60 0 of their fighting men 1 08 with (my) arms I destroyed ; 3 000 of their ca ptives I consigned to the flames ; as hostages I left not one of them alive ; H UL AI 1 0 9 the governor of their town I captured by (my) hand alive ; their corpses into piles I built ; their boys and maidens I dishonoured ; 1 1 0 H ULAI the governor of their city I flayed : his skin on the walls of Dam dam usa I placed in contempt the city fire I overthrew demolished , burned with 1 1 1 the city of Mariru within their territory I took ; 5 0 warrior fighting men by (my) weapons I destroyed 2 00 of their captives in the flame I burned I 1 2 the soldiers of the land of Nirbi I Slew in fight in the

N b n oa to o u o f S u na t. ea r the m o dern Di a r ekir, o the r d the s rces the p

In Armeni a nea r the so u rces o f the Tig ris .

VOL. III . 0 R RD F TH E 5 ECO S O PAST .

desert ; their spoil , their oxen , their Sheep , I brought away Nirbu which is at the foot of mount Ukhira 1 1 3 I boldly took ; I then passed over to Tila their forti fied C ity ; from Kinabu I withdrew ; to Tila I drew near ; 1 1 4 a strong citywith three forts facing each other : the soldiers to their str ong forts and numerous army trusted and would not submit

1 1 a 5 my yoke they would not ccept ; (then, ) with onset and attack I besieged the city ; their fighting men with a my we pons I destroyed of their spoil,

1 1 6 and a their riches, oxen sheep, I m de plunder ; much booty I burned with fire ; many soldiers I captured alive ; 1 1 7 of some I chopped off the hands and feet ; of others the noses and ears I cut off ; of many soldiers I de stroyed the eyes 1 1 8 i and a one pile of bod es while yet alive , one of he ds I reared up on the heights within their town their heads in the midst I hoisted their boys

Continued on Column II . )

“ u Kin o 2 . a a C a ut out the e es Th s in g s xxv 7 , we re d th t the h ldees p y f ” d k a h e z S a o 1 a s . Z e . u . 2 w a a And ms n , J dg es xvi , simil rly tre ted the u o ma be u m 1 . It m a be a c st m y a ll u ded to in N . xvi . 4 y well to co mp re a o f a o o u a 1 a a the tre tment children s rec rded in J sh xi . 4 with wh t we re d o ib n o u s wa s in line 1 18 . H rr le a d feroci s a the trea tment o f the c o nq uered by the Isra elites they a t lea st o n tha t o ccasi o n were co ntent with enslaving the children .

2 R R F 5 ECO D S O THE PAST.

AM M I BAAL AN H I TI tribute of son of ZAMANI , of of the land of Ruric I 3 of L ABD UR I son of DUBUZI of the lan d of Nirdun and

a - sa a the tribute of the l nd of Urumi Bit ni , of the Princes a Na of the l nd of iri , 1 a 4 ch riots, horses , horses for the yoke, tin, silver, gold , b rn a a . of copper, oxen , sheep , go ts 1 5 Over the land of Nairi I established a Viceroy : (but) a a and Nirbu on my return the l nd of N iri , which is in 1 6 a Kas ari the l nd of y , revolted ; nine of their cities leagued themselves with I spilipri one of their fortified towns and to a mountain difficult of access 1 7 they trusted ; but the heights of the hill I besieged and took ; in the midst of the strong mountain their fighting men I slew ; their corpses like rubbish on the hills 1 8 I piled up ; their common people in the tangled n hollows of the mou tains I consumed ; their spoil , their property I ca rried off ; the heads of their soldiers 1 9 I cut off; a pile (of them) in the highest part of the city I built ; their boys and maidens I dishonoured ; to the environs of the city Buliyani 2 0 I passed the banks of the river L ukia I took posses sion of ; in my passage I occupied the town s of the land of Kirhi hard by many of their warriors 2 1 I slew ; their spoil I spoiled ; their cities with fire I u b rned : to the city of Ardupati I went . In those days the tribute 2 2 of AH I RAMU son of YAH I R U of the land of N I L AAI son ’ of BAH I AN I of the land of the Hittites and of the Princes

Of a H anirabi the l nd of , Silver, gold,

2 tin ha m i 3 , of copper, oxen , sheep, horses, as the r tribute

ob b b Pr a ly the Lyc us or u pper Za .

The H i ttites u a a as u a ofS rians term is sed in l rg e sense, the eq iv lent y incl uding the n o rthern pa rts o f Palestine . O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL. 53

' I received ; in the eponym of ASS UR I D I N they brought me intelligence that

2 ZAB - a D a a a had 4 YAV Prince of the l nd of g r revolted . The land of Zamua throughout its whole extent he boldly seized near the city of Babite 2 5 they constructed a fort ; for combat and battle they

a A R r a m rched forth in the service of SSU , the g e t god my Lord and the great MER OD ACH “ 2 6 aid going before me, by the powerful which the Lord A R a and SSU extended to my people , my serv nts my soldiers I called together ; to the vicinity 2 7 of Babite I marched the soldiers to the valour of their army trusted and gave battle but in the mighty force of the gr eat MER OD ACH going before me 2 8 I engaged in battle with them ; I effected their over throw I broke them down 1 4 60 of their warriors in the environs 2 Uz ie t a a and L a ala a 9 I slew , Bi t , g g , their strong towns , with I O O towns within their territory I captured

0 and 3 their spoil , their youths, their oxen , sheep I

a ZAB- YAv a a c rried off ; for the preserv tion of his life, rugged mountain 3 1 ascended ; 1 2 00 of their soldiers I carried off from the land of Dagara I withdrew ; to the city of Bara I approached ; the city of Bara 3 2 I ca ptured ; 3 2 0 of their soldiers by my weapons I and a a destroyed ; their oxen , sheep , spoil in bund nce I removed 3 3 3 3 0 0 of their soldiers I took off ; on Tasritu 1 sth a and a from the town K lzi I withdrew, c me to the environs of Babite

b u A o t 88 1 B . C .

A S cript u ra l phra se o ffreq uent o cc urrence . 3 C o o and to a o f o u r S e o rrespo nding t the Jewish m nth Tisri, p rt p ” b a a a The Ho a . tem er, c lled in Acc di n ly Alt r R R D F 54 ECO S O THE PAST .

3 4 from Babite I withdrew ; to the land of Nizir which they ca ll Lulu- Kinaba I drew near the city Bunasi one of their fortified cities 3 5 belonging to Musaz ina and 2 0 cities of their environs I captured ; the soldiers were discouraged ; they took

a a difli cult a A R possession of mount in of ccess ; I , SSU NASI R - PAL impetuously after them 36 like birds Swooped down ; their corpses lay thick on the hills of Nizir 3 2 6 of their warriors I smote down ; a his horses I ex cted of him , 3 7 their common people in the tangled hollows I con

sumed seven cities in Nizir, which were of their duly appointed fortresses I captured their soldiers 8 their s oil 3 I slew p , their riches , their oxen, their sheep ' I carried Off the cities themselves I burned ; to these my tents I returned to halt ‘ 3 9 from those same tents I departed to citie s of the land of Nizir whose place no one had ever seen I marched ; the city of Larbusa 4 0 the fortified city of Kirtiara and 8 cities of their terri tory I captured ; the soldiers lost heart and took to a

a a a a steep mount in, mount in (which) like sh rp iron stakes 1 a as a 4 rose high upw rds ; for his soldiers, I scended after them ; in the midst of the mountain I scattered their corpses 1 7 2 of their men I slew soldiers 4 2 in numbers in the hollows of the mountain I hunted w a a do n their spoil, their c ttle , their sheep , I took aw y ; their cities with fire 43 I burned ; their heads on the high places of the mountain I lifted up their boys and maidens I dis honoured to the tents aforesaid I returned to halt

“ G . . 1 Y P u a C . a a a a o f en xl 9, et within three d ys sh ll h r h lift p thy he d ” fro m o ff thee . O F R — R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL . 5 5

44 from those same tents I withdrew ; 1 50 cities of the Larbusai Durlulumai Bunisai an territory of , , d Barai I captured 4 5 their fighting men I slew ; their spoil I spoiled ; the city of H asabtal I razed (and) burned with fire ; 5 0 a a a soldiers of B r i I slew in b ttle on the plain . 46 In those days the Princes of the entire land of Zamua were overwhelmed by the dread of the advance of ASSUR and my Lord submitted to my yoke horses , Silver, gold, 4 7 I received ; the entire land under a Prefect I placed ; a a horses , silver, gold, whe t, b rley, submission , I imposed upon them 48 from the city of Tuklat-assur-azbat I withdrew ; the land of Nispi accepted my yoke I went down all night to cities of remote site in the midst of Nispi 4 9 which ZAB- YAV had established as his stronghold I Birutu and went, took the city of consigned it to the

flames . ii DAM I KTI YA-TUKLAT In the eponym of , when I was at stationed Nineveh , they brought me news

0 a A a a and Arastua and 5 th t m k , withheld the tribute A R vassalage due to ASSUR my Lord . In honour of SSU L and R D a mighty ord ME O ACH the gre t going before me , 2 5 1 on the first of M ay I prepared for the third time an 3 expedition against Zamua : my fighting men before the many cha riots I did not consider : from Kalzi I withdrew ; the lower Zab 5 2 I passed ; to the vicinity of Babite I proceeded ; the R a nu n a a river da at the foot of the mou t ins of Zim , my a a a birthpl ce , I ppro ched ; oxen, a as Da a a : a 53 Sheep, go ts, the tribute of g r I received ne r Zimaki I added my strong chariots and battering rams

The H b S a . Abou t 880 B . C . e rew iv n 3 I . e. o a o . , in c mp ris n with 6 R OR D O F 5 EC S THE PAST.

as chief of warlike implements to my magazines by night 54 and daybreak I went down ; the Tum at in rafts I crossed to Amali the strong city of Arastu I approached 55 with vigorous assault the city I besieged and took 8 0 0 of their fighting men I destroyed by my weapons I filled the streets of their city with their corpses 56 their many houses I burned many soldiers I took alive ; their spoil in abundance I carried off; the city I overthrew razed and burnt with fire the city Khudun

5 7 and 2 0 cities in its environs I took ; their soldiers I slew ; their booty in cattle and sheep I carried o ff their a and cities I overthrew r zed burned their boys, 58 their maidens I dishonoured the city of Kisirtu a fortified city of Zabini with 1 0 neighbouring cities I took their soldiers I slew ; their spoil ar off a a and Kirtiara Bunisai 59 I c ried the cities of B r i , together with the province of Khasmar I overthrew razed and burned with fire

60 a a and I reduced the bound ries to a he p , then from the cities of Arastua I withdrew : to the neighbourhood of the Laa ra and Bidir i a territory of g , rugged l nd , which for the passage 6 1 a and an a was a a a of ch riots rmy not d pted, I p ssed to the royal city Zamri of AM I KA of Zamua I drew near ; AMI R A from before the mighty prowess of my formidable attack 6 2 fled in fear and took refuge on a hill diffi cult of access I brought forth the treasures of his palace and his chariot from Zamri I withdr ew and passed the river Lallu and to a Etini the mount ins of , 6 fi fi a a a and 3 dif cult ground , un t for the p ss ge of ch riots a had rmies, whither none of the Princes my sires ever O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL . 57

penetrated ; I marched in pursuit of his army on the mountains of Etini 6 a a 4 the hill I scended his tre sure , his riches , vessels of a a ha m copper, bund nce of copper, of copper, bowls of a copper, pitchers of copper, the tre sures of his palace and

of his storehouses , 65 from within the mountains I took away to my camp and

a a a : aid A R and Sun - m de h lt by the of SSU the god , the a a gods in whom I trust , from th t c mp I withdrew and proceeded on my march 66 the river Edir I passed on the confines of Soua and Elaniu a , powerful l nds their soldiers I slew in numbers ;

a a m their tre sure , their riches, of copper,

6 ham sa li and na mz iete 7 of copper, p of copper, vessels ’ a a asur and a/zz i of copper in bund nce , p wood , gold ,

their oxen , sheep, riches , 68 a a a Elani his bund nt spoil , from below the mount ins of ,

a : A R a his horses , I ex cted from him MI A for the s ving of his life to the land of Sabue went up ’ 6 Zetmru Araz itku A a Parsindu Eritu 9 the cities , , m ru , , ,

Zuritu fi 0 his forti ed city, with I 5 cities 0 a a 7 of his territory I overthrew, r zed , burned ; the bound ry

I reduced to a heap . P r in i was a if While in the vicinity of a s d I st tioned, the warlike engines of the tribe of Kallabu 7 1 came forth against the place ; 1 50 of the fighting men of AM I KA I slew in the plain ; their heads I cut off and put them up on the heights of his palace 7 2 2 0 0 of his soldiers taken by (my) hands alive I left to rot on the wall of his palac e from Zamri the battering rams and my banners I made ready !

D . Am m a be a O f o wei ht o r fi u v. N o . . , y the n me s me g , g re ; rr Assyr ict 12 a nd p . 7 7 2 0 . “ ’ Men a nt renders j a i fa it e to uffe r da ns le m u r . R 58 ECOR D S O F THE PAST.

Ata Arz iz ai 7 3 to the fortress , of , whither none of the Kings my sires had ever penetrated I marched the cities

Arz iz u and Arz indu of , fi a i 7 4 his forti ed city, with ten cities situ ted in their env rons Nis i a a in the midst of p rugged country, I c ptured ; their soldiers I slew the cities I overthrew ra zed and burned with fire a 7 5 to those my tents I returned . In those d ys I received

' tabbili ka nmate and sar zete copper, of copper, of copper,

as a Si armina as the tribute of the l nd of p , such women ' 6 : C Zam ri a 7 collect from the ity of I withdrew ; to Lar ,

- unfitted a a a (the rugged hill country, for the p ss ge of ch riots and a u a rmies, with instr ments ( xes) of iron I cut through and 7 7 with rollers of metal I beat down) with the chariots and tro ops I brought over to the city of Tiglath-assur- azbat in the land of Lulu— the city of Arakdi they ca ll it— I went down 8 Zamue the 7 the Kings of , the whole of them , from before impetuosity of my servants and the greatness of my

r a an a power d ew b ck d ccepted my yoke tribute of Silver ,

gold, tin, , ham 7 9 copper, of copper, vestments of wool , horses, oxen ,

a a a had sheep , go ts , in ddition to wh t I before settled, I imposed upon them a Viceroy

8 0 a a a a Zamue in K l ch I cre ted . While in the l nd of I was Khudunai Khartisai Khutiskai stationed the cities , ,

Kirz anai

8 1 were overwhelmed by fear of the advance of ASSUR my

Lord ; impost , tribute , silver, gold , horses , vestments of

a wool , oxen , Sheep , go ts, they brought to me ; the rebel soldiers 8 2 fled from before my arms they fled to the mountains I marched after them ; within confines of the land of

R R D O F T H E 60 ECO S PAST .

9 1 an image of my person I made ; collected laws I wrote upon it and in the city of M attiyati I placed it ; from M attiyati I withdrew ; at the city of Zaz abuka

2 a C alach a 9 I h lted ; the tribute of in oxen , sheep , go ts and various copper articles I received from Zaz abuka I withdrew ; 93 at the city of I rz ia I made a halt that city I burned but received there the tributes due from Zura in oxen a an d kam sheep , go ts copper 94 from I rz ia I withdrew ; in the land of Kasyari I halted Madara (and) Anzi two cities of the territory I captured and slew their soldiers 95 their spoil I carried off the cities I bur ned with fir e a Kas ari a a six l kes I crossed over in y , rugged highl nd for the passage of chariots and an a rmy 96 unsuited ; (the hills with instruments of iron I cut through (and) and with rollers of metal I beat down the ’ n a a A R chariots a d rmy I brought over. In city of SSU a Kas ari on the s ndy Side which is in y , a ham and u r isi of re 97 oxen , sheep , go ts g p copper I c eived ; by the land of Kasyari I proceeded ; a second time to the land of Nairi I went down ; at the city of Sigisa 98 I made a halt from Sigisa I withdrew to Madara the fortified city of L ABD U R I the son of D UB I S I I drew a a t t a ne r, ci y extremely s rong with four impregn ble ca stles 99 the city I besieged ; they quailed before my mighty a prowess ; I received, for the preserv tion of their lives , i a i the r tre sures, their riches, the r sons , by tale I imposed upon them ” 1 00 tribute and ‘ duties an offi cer I appointed over

- -h l r Ass ur sidI u i m a b a a s a f o . O , y e t ken the n me o the t wn Ur o st O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL . 6 I

a them ; the city I demolished , r zed , and reduced to a heap of r uins ; from M adara I withdrew ; to Tuskha

1 0 1 I passed over ; a palace in Tuskha I dedicated ; the r a Nirdun - fish t ibute of the l nd of , horses, yoke horses, , learn ur isi of copper, g p of copper, oxen, sheep, 1 0 2 a Tuskha go ts, in I received ; 60 cities and strong

a Kas ari L A D c stles below y , belonging to B UR I son of D UBUZI I overthrew razed and converted to a heap of

rums . 1 03 In the service of ASSU R my Lord froni Tuskha I with

a - drew . The powerful ch riots and battering rams I put up in my stores on rafts 1 0 4 I passed the Tigris all night I descended to Pitura a strong town of Dirrai I drew near— a very strong city 1 0 a a a 5 two forts f cing e ch other, whose c stle like the summit of a mountain stood up by the mighty hands of ASSUR my Lord and the impetuosity of my army and my formidable attack 1 0 6 I gave them b attle ; on two days before sunrise like YAv the inundator I rushed upon them ; destruction upon

‘ them I rained with the might 1 0 7 and prowess of my warriors ; like the rush of birds a 8 00 coming upon them , the city I c ptured ; of their soldiers by my arms I destroyed their heads 1 08 I cut off many soldiers I captiIred in hand alive ; their populace in the flames I burned ; their spoil I carried Off in abundance a trophy of the living and of heads ’ 1 0 9 about his great gate I built ; 7 00 soldiers I there

“ C b Go d a a u o a a o o . 2 mpa re simil r expressi n, J xx 3, sh ll r in (his f ry) ” upo n him while he is ea ting .

C 2 K 8 L a e them a in two hea s in the enter i n f. in g s x . , y y (the he ds) p g ” an o the a f g te. 6 2 R ECORD S OF TH E PAST .

‘ a a t a and imp led on st kes ; the ci y I overthrew, r zed, a a all reduced to he p of ruins round their boys, ’ 1 1 0 a their m idens, I dishonoured the city of Kukunu facing the mountains of Matni I captur ed 7 0 0 of their fighting men I smote down with my weapons 1 1 1 their spoil in abundance I carried off 5 0 cities of Dira I occupied ; their soldiers I slew ; I plundered them ; 5 0 soldiers I took alive the cities I overthrew 1 1 2 razed and burned the approach of my Royalty over a and came them ; from Pitur I withdrew, went down to Arbaki in Gilhi—Bita ni

1 1 a a a a an d 3 they qu iled before the ppro ch of my M j esty, deserted their towns and strong places for the saving of their lives they went up to Matni a land of str ength 1 1 4 I went after them in pur suit 1 000 of their warriors I left in the rugged hills ; their corpses on a hill I piled up with their bodies the ta ngled hollows 1 1 5 of the mountains I filled I ca ptured 2 00 soldiers and cut off their hands ; their spoil I ca rried away ; their

oxen, their Sheep

1 1 6 w a a I a a Salaniba ithout number, I took w y ; y y , , strong cities of Arbaki I occupied ; the soldiers I slew ; their spoil I carried o ff 1 1 7 2 50 town s surrounded with strong walls in the land of Nairi I overthrew demolished and reduced to heaps and ruins the trees of their land I cut down ; the wheat ’ a Tuskha AMMI BA AL 1 1 8 and b rley in I kept . the son of h n 3 ZAMANI ad been betrayed a d slain by his nobles . To ’ revenge AMMI BA AL

3 O r o . O n u . , cr sses the pper Tig ris 3 f b D r. O e rt o u I foll ow pp in the rendering this O sc re pa ssa e . ’ g o m a re Am m iba a l a of fa o f Ba b i p with the n me the ther thshe a, wh ch like m a ny o ther p ro er n a mes is indica tive o f the close rela tio ns between

Phce nicia S a a nd u dze a . Assyria, , yri , J O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL. 63

1 19 I marched ; from before the vehemence of my arms and the greatness of my Royalty

1 2 0 a : w a a they drew b ck his s ift ch riots , tr ppings for men and horses one hundred in number,

1 2 1 a horses , h rness, his yokes, tribute of silver and gold with 1 00 talents

1 2 2 1 0 0 a 00 a annui in tin, t lents in copper, 3 t lents in , 1 0 0 ham 00 0 ba i of copper, 3 pp of copper, bowls of v copper, essels of copper,

1 2 1 00 0 e nui er u z alm l 3 vestm nts of wool, wood, wood, a li

wood, horns , choice gold ,

1 2 a a a 2 0 00 000 4 the tre sures of his p l ce, oxen, 5 sheep , his f w a a a wi e , ith l rge don tions from her the d ughters

1 2 a a 5 of his chiefs with l rge don tions from them I received .

A R - R - a i t I , SSU NASI PAL, gre t K ng, migh y King, King of A a legions, King of ssyri ,

1 2 6 TUKL AT-AD R a and son of A gre t mighty King, King

A r a a of legions , King of ssy i , noble w rrior, in the strength A R a and a a of SSU his Lord w lked , whose equ l mong the Kings ‘ 1 2 7 of the four regions exists not ; a King who from beyond the Tigris up to Lebanon and the Great Sea

a a a i 1 2 8 hath subjug ted the l nd of L ki in its ent rety, the land of Zubi with the city R ipaki : from the sources of the Ani 1 2 9 (and) the Zupnat to the land bordering on Sabitan has he held in hand the territory of Kirrouri with Kilz ani on the other side the Lower Zab 1 3 0 to Tul- Bari which is beyond the country of the Zab

- sa- a a H irimu H arute beyond the city of Tul Z bd ni , , , the land of Birate 1 3 1 and of Kardunias I annexed to the borders of my

This frequ ently recu rring expression refers to the fo u r races

o f Syria . R R D F 64 ECO S O THE PAST .

realm and on the broad territory of N airi I laid fresh alach a tribute . The city of C I took new ; the old mound 1 3 2 I threw down ; to the top of the water I brought it ; 1 2 0 hand- brea dths in depth I made it good ; a temple to N I N I P my Lord I therein founded when 1 33 an image of N I N I P himself which had not been made

ar a i before , in the reverence of my he t for his gre t m ghty a and a a godship , of mount in stone brilli nt gold I c used to make in its completeness 1 34 for my great divinity in the city of C alach I accounted him his festivals in the months of January and S eptem

‘ ber I established : Bit-kursi which was unoccupied I closed 1 3 5 an altar to N I N I P my Lord I therein consecrated : a 2 BEL TI s S I N and GUL AN U H EA- and temple for , , , MANNA A n Y v great ruler of heaven a d earth I founded .

' b Tzsr i I Ta bita Heb Tebeth and Ta sn He . . t o u a ( . ) tu ( ) sh ld he rem rked th a t after the ca ptivity the n a mes of the m o nths were excha ng ed for the

C a aea a nd old H b a u a s Abzb o . . h ld n , the e rew n mes, s ch ( Ex d xiii s

ib . r t K h m ut . 8 n 1 . E t a ni ib. B a d s ( ing s vi ( viii . ( vi 3 ) the titles, fi , d hir d secon t o . o . , m nth, etc , were dr pped

3 r o h- a lm on This n a me has a lso been rea d as Nis c S . O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL. 65

CO LUMN III .

‘ 1 On 2 2 nd da M a the y of the third month , y, in the ’ D - BEL -USSUR alach eponym of AGAN , I withdrew from C I passed the Tigris at its nearer bank 2 and received a large tribute at Tabite I made a halt 6th da 3 on the y of the fourth month , June , I withdrew from Tabite and skirted the banks of Khar mis 3 at the town of M agariz i I made a halt withdrew from it and passed along by the banks of the C haboras and halted at Sadikanni

S adikanni barn 4 the tribute due from , silver, gold , tin, of

and a copper, oxen , sheep , I received quitted the pl ce . 5 at the city of Katni I made a halt the tribute of Sunaya and f a I received, rom K tni withdrew ; ‘ 6 at Dar-Kumlimi I halted ; withdrew from it and halted at Bit- H alupe whose tribute ham of 7 of silver, gold, tin, copper, vestments of wool and and w linen, oxen and sheep I received, ithdrew from it 8 at Zirki a a Zirki the city of I made h lt ; the tribute of ,

silver, gold, tin , oxen , Zirki a at 9 sheep , I received withdrew from h lted Zu ri p , whose tribute 1 0 kami of silver, gold, tin, , oxen, sheep , I received ; with

Zu ri and a at a arabani drew from p h lted N g ,

1 kanzi 1 whose tribute in silver, gold , tin, , oxen , Sheep , I received and withdrew from it Khindani a 1 2 near , situ ted on the nearer banks of the Euphrates I halted

3 3 A D uwaz u . H b. Ta mm u . 8 8 B . C . e S ivan . 7 z, ssyr

A city in Mesopo ta mia .

VOL . I I I . R R D 66 ECO S O F THE PAST .

1 Khindani bar/ti 3 the tribute of silver, golds, tin , , oxen , F Khin an . d i sheep , I received rom

‘ 1 4 I withdr ew ; at the moun tains over against the Euphrates I halted I withdrew fr om those mountains and halted at Bit- Sabaya near the town of H aridi

1 a a a F 5 situ te on the ne rer b nks of the Euphrates . rom Bit- Sabéya I withdrew ; at the commencement of the town of Anat A a a 1 6 I made a halt . n t is Situ ted in the midst of the

F A a . Euphr ates . rom n t I withdrew The city of Zuru the fortified city of 1 7 SAD UD U of the land of Zubi I besieged : to the numerous warriors of the spacious land of the Kassi he trusted and to make war and battle to my presence advanced 1 8 the city I besieged two days I was engaged in fighting ; 3 I made good an entrance : (then) through fear of my mighty arms SAD UD U and his soldiers

1 a E 9 for the preserv tion of his life , into the uphrates threw ‘ himself : I took the city ; 5 0 bit-lzallu and their soldiers in the service of NABU -BAL -I D IN King of Kardunias 2 0 ZABDAN U his brother with 3 00 of his soldiers and BEL -BAL - I D IN who marched at the head of their armies I

a u c pt red, together with them 2 1 a n a m ny soldiers I smote dow with my we pons ; silver, m a ‘ a gold , tin, precious stone of the ount ins, the tre sure of a a his p l ce ,

2 2 a r chariots, horses tr ined to the yoke , t appings for men

and a horses , the women of his p lace , his spoil,

h In b . 11. r o t. B u ra ttu . He rew ( Gen P

e rt An tho . Dr . Opp renders this a 3 L . o fa of. it , fr m the ce

Probably milita ry engi nes used in sieg es .

5 - r sa di o . O , st ne shining

R R D O F 68 ECO S THE PAST.

x 2 0 alive and imp aled them on stakes ; on ships which I had built 3 4 in 2 0 ships which were drawn up on the sand at Haridi a Zuha n I crossed the Euphrates . The l nd of ya a d La qai ’ 3 5 and the City of Khindanai to the power of their chariots armies and hands trusted and summoned 600 0 of their fi a soldiers to engage in ght and b ttle . 3 6 They came to close quarters ; I fought with them ; I effected their overthrow ; I destroyed their chariots 65 00 of their warriors I smote down by my weapons ; the remainder f 3 7 in starvation in the desert o the Euphrates I shut up . From H aridi in Zukhi to Kipina and the cities of 2 Khindanai

3 8 in L aqai on the other side I occupied ; their fighting

men I Slew the city I overthrew razed and burned . AZIEL of L aqai 3 9 trusted to his forces and took possession of the heights of Kipina I gave them battle ; at the city of Kipina I effected his overthrow 1 0 0 0 of his warriors I slew 4 0 his chariots I destroyed ; spoil I carried off in plenty ; their gods I took away for the preservation of his life he took refuge on a rugged hill of Biz uru at the sources of the Euphrates 4 1 for two days I descended the river in pursuit : the relics of his ar my with my weapons I destroyed ; their hiding place by the hills on the Euphrates I broke up ’ 4 2 to the cities of Dumite and Az m tI belonging to the son 3 of AD I N 1 a I went down fter him his spoil , his oxen , his

sheep ,

“ ” M a L . a o n a . B u t Dr e rt a nd r. N o it , Imp led st kes . O pp rris g ener lly a o I. 108 . 6 . d pt the rendering g iven in the text, , p 7 2 2 . I rre u It will be observed th at this city is differently spelt in l . 7 g laritie s o f a re u a I n a o o f this kind very freq ent, especi lly the termin ti n pro per n a mes . 3 u . S ee 6 1 . 1 . Ah ni line , p 7 O F R - R - ANNALS ASSU NASI PAL . 69

4 3 which like the stars of heaven were without number I

carried off. ii a I LA La ai In those d ys of q , his swift chariots and 500 soldiers x 44 to my land of Assyria I transported ; D umutu and Az mu a u a and b I c pt red, overthrew, r zed urned ; in the narrows of the Euphrates I turned aside in my course and outflanke d A 4 5 I ZIEL, who fled before my mighty power

a . I LA La ai a to s ve his life , the Prince of q , his rmy his a a Ch riots, his h rness , 46 I carried off and took to my city of Assur : KH I MTI EL

of Laqai I made prisoner in his own city. Through the A R and might of SSU my Lord, ( ) in the presence of my mighty arms and the formidable atta ck was af a and I 4 7 of my powerful forces he r id, received the

a a a bani tre sures of his p l ces , silver, gold, tin, copper, of a a and copper, vestments of wool , his bund nt Spoil tribute 48 and impost in addition to what I had previously fixed I laid upon them ; in those days I slew 5 0 buffaloes in the neighbourhood of the nearer side of the Euphrates : eight buffaloes I caught alive

2 0 a and a a : 4 9 I killed e gles , c ptured others live I founded two cities on the Euphrates one on the further bank 5 0 of the Euphrates which I named Dur—Assur —nasir-pal ;

i - one on the nearer bank which I named N barti Assur . 2 O n the 2 0th of May I withdrew from Galach 5 1 I crossed the Tigris to the land of Bit-Adini I went Katrabi a a a ~ to their strong city of I ppro ched , city ex 3 c eedin l a a g y strong, like storm rushing from he ven ,

2 Th H b S a . I. e S e e o o n . 68 2 . n te p , 4 e rew iv n

3 r s ua a o o ou of a . O , a it were sit ted m ng the st rm cl ds he ven 0 R R D F TH E 7 ECO S O PAST.

2 fi r and 5 the soldiers con ded to thei numerous troops , would not submit and accept my yoke : in honour of ASSUR a and a the gre t Lord, my Lord, the god the gre t protector t going before me, I besieged the ci y I a en ines and 53 by the w rlike g on foot strong, the city I captured ; many of their soldiers I slew ; 8 00 of their fighting men I dispersed ; their spoil and property I

a 2 0 0 c rried off, 4 of their warriors 54 I transported away and detained them at Galach the city I overthrew razed and burnt ; the fear of the approach of ASSUR my Lord over Bit-Adini I made

good . 55 In those days the tribute of AHUNI son of AD INI of ’ 3 H abini ul-Abnai , of the city of T , silver, gold, tin , copper, and vestments of wool linen , wood for bridges , 6 a a a 5 cedar wood , the tre sures of his p l ce I received ; ‘ a rimutu . their host ges I took , I imposed upon them

5 ii In the month April and on the eighth day I quitted C alach the Tigris 6 5 7 I passed to Carchemish in Syria I directed my steps to Bit- Bakhiani I approached ; the tribute due from the ’ BAKH I AN I son of , swift chariots, horses , Silver,

8 ka mi C 5 gold , tin , copper, of opper, I received ; the chariots and warlike engines of the offi cer of the son of BAKH I ANI I added to my maga zines 5 9 I menaced the land of Anili : the tribute of H U- IMMI 3 Nila a war a of y , swift ch riots , horses, silver, gold, tin , coppen

The n at ure of these eng ines (bzts t) is u ncerta in .

2 - 3 L e o . r a . , st ny hill O , le d

Po b humili a tion o C a r a m a . ssi ly , fr m the h ldee

C . f a . 2 . a rchemish C . Jeremi h xlvi O F R - R - PAL ANNALS ASSU NASI . 7 1

60 ha nd of copper, oxen, Sheep , horses , I received ; the chariots and warlike instruments of the officer I added to

F A - my mag azines . rom nili I withdrew ; to Bit Adin i I approached 6 1 AH I AD I I ‘ the tribute of UN son of N , Silver, gold , tin ,

er er u and r abaz s ai- copper, wood of , , horns , wood . horns '

6 2 and sar i a of thrones horns of Silver, gold, , br ce

of sa/zr i a a lets gold , f stenings for covers of gold , sc b a a as b rds of gold, oxen , sheep , go ts his tribute I received 63 the chariots and warlike engines of the Offi cer of AHUNI a a I added to my m g zines . In those days I received the

H ABI N I -Abnai a and tribute of of Tul , four m neh of silver 400 sheep ; 64 ten maneh of silver for his first year as tribute I imposed

: -A E a upon him from Bit dini I withdrew ; the uphr tes , a fi a a in dif cult p rt of it, I crossed in ships of h rdened skins 65 I approached the land of Carchemish : the tribute R S n a a of SANGA A King of y , twenty t lents of silver,

sa/zr i a a a 1 00 , gold , br celets of gold , sc bb rds of gold , talents 66 2 0 a a banzi Izar iate nir of copper, 5 t lents of nnui , , 3 nzabate kibil of copper, the extensive furniture of his

a a p l ce , ‘ 67 of incomprehensible perfection different kinds of

O r a . , le d

2 ” o o o a o o f a n a a . C . P . . 2 S me pr jecting rn ment, like h rns lt r f s cxviii 7 ;

. 2 . Exod . xxx

3 P a s a b H b o a h ulu robably so me u tensils, expl ined y the e rew w rd

o h ( a nl t ) .

“ ” M N f wa s not a . Diet. . 8 . r . o o o O , with r rris, the wh le it t ken p 5 5 2 F 7 R ECOR D S O THE PAST.

‘ ba and sar a 2 00 a a woods, , fem le sl ves , vestments of

wool , 68 and a a a r linen ; be utiful bl ck coverings, be utiful pu ple “ ffa coverings, precious stones , horns of bu loes , white a a a ch riots , im ges of gold , their coverings, the tre sures of a his Roy lty, I received of him 69 the chariots and warlike engines of the General of C archemish I laid up in my magazines ; the Kings of all those lands who had come out against me received my yoke their hostages I received 7 0 they did homage in my presence ; to the land of 3 a F a Leb non I proceeded . rom C rchemish I withdrew and marched to the territory of Munz igani and H ar~ murga : ‘ 7 1 the land of Ahanu I reduced ; to Gaza the town of s L U BAR NA of the Khatti I advanced ; gold and vest ments of linen I received 7 2 crossing the river Abrie I halted and then leaving that river approached the town of Kanulua a royal city belong ing to L U BAR NA of the Khatti 73 from before my mighty arms and my formidable

a and a onset he fled in fe r, for the s ving of his life sub

mitted a a to my yoke twenty t lents of silver, one t lent of

gold,

1 0 0 a tin 1 00 a nnui 1 0 00 7 4 t lents in , talents in oxen ,

1 0 0 0 nimati and sheep , vestments of wool , linen, bi woods coverings,

abuz a te bui a 7 5 thrones , wood, wood for se ts , their

sa r ai z a er i- bui a u a coverings , , wood , horns of in b nd nce , a a the numerous utensils of his p l ce , whose beauty

The o fi a re sa o r is sa ass a r a nd obab ebon w rds speci ed , p , pr ly y, the o a not b fi thers h ve een identi ed .

2 “ 3 4 5 P . i. P obab . b H az a z r ly in ivo ry La na na . rince O F R - R -P L ANNALS ASSU NASI A . 7 3

’ 76 could not be comprehended p ag a ta (P) from the wealth of great Lords as his tribute 7 7 I imposed upon him the chariots and warlike engines of the land of the Khatti I laid up in my magazines their

hostages I took . ii In those days (I received) the tribute of Guzi 8 a Y ahanai 3 7 of the l nd of , silver, gold , tin, oxen, and sheep , vestments of wool linen I received from Kunalua a a L U BAR NA the c pit l of I withdrew, a a O ‘ and 7 9 of the l nd of the Kh tti, crossed the rontes, a a a and fter h lt left it, to the borders 8 0 Of the land of Yaraki and of Yahturi I went round 5 the land had rebelled : from the Sangura after a halt I withdrew " 8 1 I made a detour to the lands of Saratini and Girpani I halted and advanced to Aribue a fortified city belonging to L UBAR NA of the land of the Khatti 8 2 the city I took to myself ; the wheats and barleys of L uhuti I collected I allowed his palace to be sacked ’ and settled Assyrians there . 8 was a Aribua a 3 While I st tioned at , I c ptured the cities of the land of L uhiti and slew many of their soldiers over threw razed and burned them with fire 8 4 the soldiers whom I took alive I impaled on stakes

close by their cities .

ii In those days I occupied the . environs of Lebanon to the great sea 8 8 5 of Phoenicia I went up up to the great sea my arms I

‘ The Inscripti o n is here defaced . 2 M H for a be ed ! a y this be the ebrew wo rd g rments, g 5 6 3 4 fa . D a . D D Arunte . efaced . ef ced e ced 7 b o Precisely th us The king of Assyri a bro ug ht men fro m Ba yl n

f a . a nd pla ced them in the cities of S a m a ri a inste a d o f the children o Isr el

2 K . ing s xvii 2 4 . 3 “ Akhar z. Heb. INN. 74 R ECORDS O F THE PAST .

carried : to the gods I sacrificed ; I took tribute of the

sea- a Princes of the environs of the co st, x 8 6 a r S a M aacah a za of the l nds of Ty e , idon , Geb l , M i i

Kaiz ai o a and A a , of Ph enici rv d

8 sea- a — bam 7 on the co st silver, gold , tin , copper, of ’ a ata r a and copper, vestments of wool and linen , p g g e t a sm ll, 8 8 bi 3 strong timber, wood of teeth of dolphins , the

sea as : produce of the , I received their tribute my yoke ‘ they accepted ; the mountains of Amanus I ascended ;

wood for bridges , 8 li— ff 9 pines , box , cypress , wood, I cut down ; I o ered a fi a 3 a and s cri ces for my gods ; trophy of victory I m de , in a central place I erected it

0 us ur i— a Am anus 9 g wood , ced r wood from I destined

for - a and a a Az maku Bit Hir , my ple sure house c lled , for the t emple of the Moon and S un the exalted

gods .

1 a I z - and 9 I proceeded to the l nd of mehri , took pos session of it throughout : I cut down beams for of me/zri and a bridges trees, c rried them to Nineveh ; (and) 6 9 2 to ISTAR Lady of Nineveh (on) my knees I knelt . In ’ the eponym of SAMAS - NU R I in the honour of the gr eat 8 Lord ASSUR my Lord on the 2 0th of April 93 from C alach I withdrew — crossed the Tigris — de a Ki ani and scended to the l nd of p there, in the city H uz irina of , received the tribute of the governors of

its cities .

L Z ur a z S zdu na i G uba la i M a kulla t. it ., , , , 2 3 bo . S ee . o 2 . E ny p 7 3, n te

The m ou nta in cha in which divides Syri a fro m Cilici a . 5 6 7 “ e S u n . r L . at . L O oo . s , pr f it , , the is my lig ht 8 A r u H b I a r . 866 . B . C . i e . Assyr . , y

R 7 6 ECOR D S o r THE PAST .

1 0 5 To Dandamusa the fortified city of I LANI son of ZAMANI I drew near and laid siege to it : my warriors like birds of prey rushed upon them 1 0 6 600 of their warriors I put to the sword and decapi tated ; 4 00 I took alive 1 0 7 3 000 captives I brought forth ; I took possession of

the city for myself the living soldiers , and heads to the

A a city of midi the roy l city, I sent 1 0 8 heaps of the heads close by his great gate I piled the “ living soldiers I crucified on crosses at the gates of the town 1 0 9 inside the gates I made carnage ; their forests I cut down ; 3 from Amidi I withdrew towards the environs of Kasyari the city of Allabz ie 1 1 0 to whose rocks and stones no one among the a had a a a Kings my f thers ever m de ppro ch, I pene trated ; to the town of Uda the fortress of L ABD UR I son of D UBUZI 1 1 1 I approached and besieged the city with h in t! ) strengthened and marching the city I captured soldiers S with my weapons I destroyed ; 57 0 soldiers 1 1 2 I captured 3 ooo captives I took forth soldiers alive 6 I caught ; some I impaled on stakes ; of others 1 1 3 the eyes I put out : the remainder I carried off to ASSU R and took the city as my own possession— I

’ - D a b o b a o f Kar A . Ra o i r ekr, still kn wn y the n me mid wlins n s H odot 66 a C t a er us . . The a o f u o u , l 4 n me is freq ent cc rrence in e rly hris i n writers .

S ee . 68 o 1 . p , n te

3 “ Cf. Is . . H a cut o of o x 34, e sh ll d wn the thickets the f rest with

a I . iron lso Ezek . xxxix . O

The I nscripti o n is here defa ced .

5 6 D fa . S e e . 68 o 1 . e ced p , n te ANNAL S O F R - R -PAL ASSU NASI . 7 7

am A R - R - who SSU NASI PAL mighty King, King of Assyria

TUKLAT-AD R TUKL AT- NI N I P son of A , ( ) 1 1 a 4 gre t King, powerful King, King of legions, King of

A a VUL - N I RA R I a ssyri son of gre t King, mighty King, of i A a a ri King leg ons , King of ssyri , noble w r or, who

A R an in the service of SSU his Lord proceeded, d a mong the Kings of the four regions,

1 1 has a a n a a 5 no equ l , Pri ce (giving) ordin nces , not fe ring a a a opponents , mighty unriv lled le der, Prince subduer of all the disobedient, who 1 1 6 the thrones of mankind has subdued powerful King

a a treading over the he ds of his enemies , tr mpling on the a eneml es a a a l nds of , bre king down the ssembl ges of the wicked who in the service of the great gods 1 1 7 his Lords marched along ; whose hand hath taken all a a all possession of their l nds, l id low the forests of of

and a and them, received their tributes , t king hostages ( ) imposing laws 1 1 8 upon all those lands ; when ASSU R the Lord pro

a a a a a cl imer of my n me, ggr ndizer of my Roy lty, who added his unequivocal service to the forces of my government

1 1 9 I destroyed the armies of the spacious land of Lulumi.

In battle by weapons I smote them down . With the help of the S un- god

1 2 0 an YAV d , the gods in whom I trust, I rushed upon the Na Kirkhi Subari a and Nirbi YAV armies of iri , y like the inundator 3

- - - obab a The g ra nd father o f Assu r n a sir pal. His reig n pr ly termin ted a t 889 B . C .

“ . L . 8 C u u Isa . 2 it . shepherd . Th s, xliv , yr s is my shepherd

3 “ h u o fl oo ea . The Lo y f. PS . 10 sitteth p n the d C xxix , rd (t ) the Lo rd sitteth King for ever . 8 R ORD F 7 EC S O TH E PAST .

1 2 1 a King who from the other side the Tigris to the land of Lebanon and the great sea has subjugated to his yoke the entire land of Lakie and the land of Zukhi as far as the city Rapik 1 2 2 to whose yoke is subj ected (all) from the sources of the Zupnat to the frontiers of Bitani ; from the borders of Kirruri to Kirz ani 1 2 3 from beyond the Lower Zab to the town of Tul sa- Zabdani and the town of Tul- Bari beyond the land of Zaban as far as the towns of Tul- sa-Zabdani and

l 1 2 —sa-Abtani H arimu H arutu Birate Kardunia 4 Tul , in of s to the borders of my land I added ; (the inhabitants) of the territory of Babite 1 2 5 with Khasm ar among the pe0p1e of my own country I accounted in the countries which I held I established a deputy : they performed homage : sub mission

1 2 6 A R - R - I imposed upon them ; I , SSU NASI PAL, great , a noble , worshipper of the gre t gods, generous, great, mighty possessors of cities and the forests of all their

a dom ins, King of Lords, consumer of

1 2 taskar u a in 7 the wicked invincible, who comb ts

j ustice , Lord of all Kings, King of Kings , glorious, BAR I N I P a upholder of (N ) the w rlike, worshipper 1 2 8 r a a A R of the g e t gods , King who , in the service of SSU and N I N I P a a , gods in whom he trusted, h th m rched a and a a and roy lly, w vering l nds Kings his enemies in all their lands

1 2 and a a 9 to his yoke hath subdued , the rebels g inst A R and a and SSU , high low, h th opposed imposed on them impost and tribute— ASSUR -NAsrR -PAL

This rea ds like a n a nnexatio n of a por tion o f B abyl onia n territory . O F R - R -PAL ANNALS ASSU NASI . 7 9

‘ 1 o - 3 mighty King, glory of the Moon god, worshipper of “ ANU a YAV a an un , rel ted to , suppli nt of the gods, yield a a ing serv nt, destroyer of the l nd of his foes I , a King war vehement in ,

1 1 and 3 destroyer of forests cities, chief over opponents,

Lord of four regions , router of his enemies in strong a and and l nds forests , who Kings mighty and fearless from the ri sing

1 2 a 3 to the setting of the sun to my yoke subjug ted . ( I The former city of Galach which S HALMANESER King A r a had of ssy i going before me, built 1 3 3 that city was decayed and reduced to a heap of ruins : that city I built anew ; the people captured by

a had Zukhi my h nd of the countries which I subdued , and a L kie,

1 w Sirku 3 4 throughout their entirety, the to n of on the

E a all a a - A other side of the uphr tes , Z mu , Bit dini , the a and a Kh tti, the subj ects of Liburn I collected within , 3 I made them occupy. 1 3 5 A water- course from the Upper Zab I dug and called it Pati-kanik : timber upon its shores I erected : a choice . of animals t0 AS S UR my Lord and (for) the Chiefs of my realm I sacrificed 1 36 the ancient mound I threw down : to the level of the water I brought it : 1 2 0 courses on the low level I caused it to go : its wall I built from the gr ound to the

summit I built (an d) completed .

[Additional clauses are found on the monolith inscription

are an in the British Museum . They not, however, of y

r u o o a of S I N o o . 1. 12 . O , ph lder, pr cl imer , the m n ; cf 7

+ b of Na lad. C . H eb . 2 o . Assyr . f the ; rn 3 b Precisely th us were the Isra elites ca rried awa y to Ba ylon . R D F 8 0 R ECO S O THE PAST . great importance and amount to little more than directions

a a a a a for the preserv tion and rep r tion of the p l ce, with pre cations upon those who should at any time inj ure the

n a an a buildings . O this s me monolith is found invoc tion to

r a A a a a A the g e t gods of the ssyri n P ntheon n mely, to ssur,

Anu in a Yav a , Hea, S (the Moon) , Merod ch , J hve,

Nini a -D a Sa a Sun p , Nebo , Beltis , Nerg l , Bel gon , m s (the ) , Istan ! MONOLITH

I N C R P T I O N O F H A L M S I S A N E S E R .

FO UN D AT K KH UR .

TRANSLATE D

B Y R E V . A H A Y C . . S E .

KUR KH is th e m od ern nam e o f som e im portan t

b k T 2 0 m ruins on th e righ t an of th e ig ris , about iles

t m D k w distan fro iarbe r, hich p robab ly repres ent th e

rk hiokerta Ka at o f th e classical g eog raphers . Th e

’ inscri tion s et m u n p u p h ere b y Shal aneser, th oug h fortunat ely m uch m utilat ed as will be s een from the b t ranslation , i s of g reat interest on account oth o f its sup plem enting th e annals of th e king recorded on t he

Black O belisk of N i mrud and of th e m ention i n it

I sr l I A o f Ahab of ae . cop y of th e orig inal will be A V 8 W. . I . . . . found in ol I I I pl 7 , , and th e larg er b M Me part of it has alread y been t ran slated y . nant

“ ’ ' i n his A nnular des R ois d Assyr ze ( 1874) as w ell as

The m o n u ment is now in the British M use um . 7 VOL . 111. R R D F 8 2 ECO S O THE PAST.

M O ert . p reviousl y b y . pp Th e pres ent , h owever, is fi th e rs t translation of th e whole inscription . m Shal an es er had a long reig n of 35 y ears , du ring w h m w h A H z hic h e ca e into contact it hab , J ehu , a ael

I n w and oth er Biblical p ersonag es . accordance ith

m m A r th e ast ron o ical s y ste us ed in ss y ria, a so t of

“ b was k I st k inau u ju ilee ept in his 3 y ear, th e ing g rating th e c ycl e for th e second ti m e as h e tells u s in k k m th e Blac O belis inscrip tion . I t ay b e added that th e dat es g iven in th e latt er inscription do not alway s ag ree with th os e i n th e on e before u s a fact which illustrat es th e necessit y of critical caution even w h en we are d ealing with cot emp orary docu m ents .

84 R ECOR D S O F THE PAST.

8 all a a a of these l nds , opener of the tr ckless pl ces which (are) above and below which against the onset of a a his mighty b ttle the countries c used to be extended, 9 the 120155 of the world (which) in the exercise of his a br very he founded, the powerful Minister who in the service of ASSU R and SAMAS the gods his helpers has often marched 1 0 and among the Kings of the four races his rival had a S not, Mon rch of the world, the overeign who (through) trackless paths has often marched (and) opened out a and a mount ins se s,

1 1 the A R —NATS I R - ff BEL son of SSU PAL, the o spring of , a A R the serv nt of SSU , whose power over (him) the gods have made good and caused all the countries of the

world to submit to (be) under him, the glorious scion of TI GL ATH -AD AR 1 2 who laid his yoke on hostile l ands and swept (them) A a R a like a whirlwind. t th t time ASSU the gre t Lord in his firm resolution brought me forth before his eyes and a and e rs,

1 A a a 3 (to) the sovereignty of ssyri procl imed me .

Powerful force(s) I slaughtered . The disobedient I and coerced , an a a A to work d l bour h ve urged me . t that

at fi a a time, the beginning of my reign , in my rst c mp ign 1 5 on the throne of my sovereignty in M aj esty I had

a f. a i a a se ted mysel The ch r ots of my rmies I ssembled. ’ ’ a Sim e si Into the lowl nds of the country of I descended. t A 3 To the ci y of ridi, the fortress 6 1 a a . of Ninni , I ppro ched The city I besieged, I took .

a o a a nd o u a o f a . Th t is, n rthw rd s thw rd Assyri

H a a a a o u to fill u b ere follo ws l ac un which it is h z rd s p y co nject ure . 3 ” Aridu was a of N a a o f A - city hri , (the l nd) rivers (the ra m Naha raim - o f S criptu re) on the n orth west of Assyri a . R O OF R INSC IPTI N SHALMANESE . 85

fi htin - Its numerous g g men I slew . Its spoil I carried a A a ‘ aw y. pyr mid of heads over against that city I

built up . “ 1 7 The sons and the daughters of their nobles for holo cau sts I burned . While I was stopping in the city of

Ar r M ur asa idi the tribute of the count ies of g , of the ’ M urma sians , ’ ’ ’ ’ 1 8 Sim e s ians Sim e ans Sirisians and the , the y , the , ( ) the Ulmanians a , horses tr ined to the yoke, oxen, sheep ,

and a . F A ( ) go ts, I received rom the city of ridi

' 1 a ffi . a a and a 9 I dep rted Tr ckless p ths ( ) di cult mount ins , which like the point of an iron sword stood pointed to 3 and t a . the sky, on wheels of iron ( ) bronze I pene r ted a (My) ch riots . and a a ( ) rmies I tr nsported over (them) . To the city of Khu uscia ‘ a a Khu u scia p I ppro ched . The city of p to gether with 1 0 0 cities which depended on it with fire I

burned . CACIA ’ 2 1 King of the country of Na iri and the remains of his

a m a fied-in- a r y from before the sight of my we pons fe r, Af and occupied the fastnesses of the mountains . ter

them the mounta ins I a scended . s 2 2 A hard battle in the midst of the mounta ins I fought . 6

A a . a destruction of them I m de Ch riots , numerous and a soldiers, ( ) horses tr ined to the yoke from the midst a E a of the mountain I brought b ck . xceeding fe r

2 3 of ASSU R my Lord overwhelmed them . They came

L . o to. it , in the c ming

L b u and ou o . . o o it , the n les, their y ng men their y ng w men

3 “ ” L . I u u . it , d g p

- O n the n o rth ea st of Assyria a m o ng the m o u ntains o f Armenia .

5 ” L . I a . it , m de

6 “ L . I o . it , verthrew R R D 8 6 ECO S O F THE PAST .

‘ forth and took my feet . Taxes and tribute upon them F Kh i u usc a a . I fixed . rom the city of p I dep rted ’ 2 Su unia n 4 To the city of g , his stronghold, belongi g to

AR A a a a . AME (King) of the rmeni ns, I ppro ched The fi city I besieged, I took . Their ghting men in numbers

I slew. A 2 5 Its spoil I ca rried away . pyr amid of heads over

against that city I built up . Fourteen cities which fi F depended upon it with re I burned . rom the city of ’ S ugunia ’ ’ s an a 2 6 I departed . To the ea of the l d of N iri I

- a . ac descended . My weapons by the sea side I st yed S A n rific es to my gods I performed . t that time a image of my person A 2 a . R 7 I m de The decrees of SSU , the Lord of Princes ,

a . my Lord, and my collected l ws upon it I wrote By the

- n sea side I erected (it) . O my retu rn ’ 2 8 A S U from the sea, the tribute of (King) of the country za a 2 a of Go n , horses , oxen, sheep, go ts, c mels which

a . (h ve) two humps , I received 3 2 9 To my city Assur I brought (them) . In the month a ‘ 1 da Iyy r, the 3th y, the city of Nineveh I quitted ; the ’ Kh m u river Tigris I crossed . The countries of a sa (and)

Dikhnunu I pas sed through . 3 0 To the city of Lahlahte which belonged to AKH UN I the son of AD INI I approached Exceeding fear of ASSU R

In ub token o f s missi o n .

a L V n a o u o Th t is a ke a . S halm a neser elsewhere spe ks f his r le ver

u a nd o s a o f N a S ir H . Ra o has fi the pper l wer e s hri , which wlins n identi ed f Va n nd u with the la kes o a Ur miyeh . 3 The primitive ca pita l o f Assyri a fro m which the wh ole c ou ntry no b K - a I was a derived its n a me, w represented y ala h S herg t . t the Ella s r o f Genesis .

Iyya r a nswers rou g hly to o ur April . S halm a neser is here spea king of his seco nd ca mpaig n (856 R O o r R INSC IPTI N SHALMANESE . 8 7

my Lord overwhelmed him (and he fled to his fortified

city. The high ground) 1 a . and 3 I scended The city I threw down, dug up ( ) fir m e . F t L ahlahti a burned with ro the ci y of I dep rted . (To the city of Ci ka) 3 2 which belonged to AKH UN I the son of AD INI I ap roach AKH N I ed. U AD p , the son of INI , to the power (of a and war a his army trusted), and b ttle ( ) (he m de) with

me . In the service of ASSUR an d a A 33 the gre t gods my Lords with him I fought.

a . destruction of him I m de In his city I shut him up . F ka a rom the city of Ci I dep rted . t Burmarahna AKH UN I 34 To the ci y of belonging to , the AD a a son of INI (I ppro ched . The city) I besieged, I

fi h in - w a took . Three hundred of their g t g men ith rrows A I slew . pyramid of heads a 3 5 (over gainst the city I built up . ) The tribute of KH AP I N I of the city of Tul-Abna (of) GAH UN I of the ’ city of Sa (and) of CIGI R I -RIMMON 6 t — 3 (of the ci y of silver, gold, oxen, sheep , n - I F Burmarahna a d a . ( ) go ts, received rom the city of a E I departed. In gre t vessels of skins the river uphrates and KATA e U 3 7 I crossed, the tribute of (King) of oma ene — and a — I C g , silver, gold , oxen , sheep, ( ) go ts, P a urrukh uni received. The city of b b 3 8 (and) the cities of AKH UN I the son of AD INI on the A o hither banks of the Euphrates I approached . destru D a a and a tion of the country I made . ev st tion ( ) de th a 39 I scattered . With the destruction of his w rriors the fi fi broad desert I lled . soldiers, their ghting men ,

with arrows I slew.

4 0 From the city of Paburrukhbuni I departed . To the cities of MUTALLI of the city of the Gamgumians I ap

proached. The tribute 88 r R ECOR D S o THE PAST.

1 Gam umians 4 of MUTALLI of the city of the g , silver,

a and a a a gold, oxen, sheep, go ts, ( ) his d ughter with l rge F m if . t Ga um e g t, I received rom the ci y of g a L u ti u 2 . b 4 I dep rted To the city of , his strong city, ’ belonging to KHANU of the country of the S am ahlians I ’ a a m . Sa ahlians ppro ched KHANU of the country of the , ’ SAP AL UL ME

‘ Patinians AKH UN I 43 of the country of the , the son of AD and S R archemi INI , ( ) ANGA A of the country of the C 2 shians to the help of one another trusted and marshalled themselves

a a 44 for battle . (When) to m ke plunder after me they h d R a come, by the supreme powers of NE GAL who m rches before me and With mighty weapons A R t 4 5 which SSU the Lord furnished , with them I fough

A fi htin - destruction of them I made . Their g g men

6 a Air- a 4 with rrows I slew . Like the god over them

a . deluge I rained. In ditches I he ped them With the spoil 4 7 of their warriors the broad desert I filled Their

af a corpses like ch f through the country I sc ttered . Mul titudes a and r of (their) ch riots, ( ) thei horses 8 A a a 4 trained to the yoke I seized . pyr mid of he ds a a t over g inst the ci y (of KHANU) I built up . His cities fi and re . I pulled down, dug up, ( ) burned with 49 At that time I hung up the ordin ances of the great

The Pa tin a i h ave been co mp a red with the Biblica l Pa da n-Ara m o r ” pl a in of S yria .

Ca C u o f a a o a oo at u rchemish , the ircesi m cl ssic l g e g r phy, st d the j nc ti o n o f the Khabo ra s a nd Eu ph ra tes a nd wa s the key o f the hig h-roa d to

. Its o o o wa s a a of a a o the West p ssessi n , theref re, m tter g re t milit ry imp rt a u o o f b a Ca b a nce . After the destr cti n Tyre y the Assyri ns rchemish ec me ” the centre o f tra de in the Ea st a nd the ma neh o f Ca rchemish wa s o ne ’ of a o S a a a oba b a a to the chief sta nd rds f c ommerce . ng r pr ly g ve his n me the S ing a ra o f the cl a ssica l g eog ra phers which was situa ted u po n the K ha bo ras a nd after which the neig hbou ring ra ng e of hills wa s ca lled . R O O F INSC IPTI N SHALMANESER . 8 9

‘ A R and S gods , wherein to SSU AMAS their victories I F r a an a ascribed . o future d ys im ge of my M aj esty

50 of a great Size I made. The records of my victories and a A ( ) my triumph nt deeds upon it I wrote. t the head ’ of the sources of the river Saluara 5 1 which (lies) at the foot of the mountains of Amanns I F A a . t n a erected (it) rom the coun ry of m n s I dep rted. ’ Ar The river antu I crossed . To the city of Aliz ir ’ 2 SAPALUL M E 5 his stronghold, belonging to (King) of the ’ i a A country of the Pat nians I appro ched . S PALUL ME t Patinians a (King) of the ci y of the , to s ve a a a AKH UN I AD 53 his life , (m de lli nce with) son of INI , ’ S R the C archemishians KH AI NU ANGA A of city of the , of ’ Samahlians the country of the , CATE of the a P I KH I R I M country of the Ku ns, of the country of the 3 Khilucians BUR AN ATE Yaz bukians , of the country of the , (and) ADU

COLUMN II .

fi a The rst few lines, describing the defe t of the con a and S a a a a a are feder cy the spoil which h lm neser c rried w y,

and i destroyed, the nscription does not become legible again until line 4 .

T fi w a 4 ( heir ghting men ith) rrows I slew. In the midst of this battle BUR AN ATE (of the country of Yaz bukians) a a fi the 5 took my h nd . The gre t forti ed cities of

Patinians and fire . I threw down, (dug up, burned with ) 6 The upper (cities) of Palestine and the s ea of the setting sun

“ O r I a fi o a of a o a . , s tis ed the rdin nces the g re t g ds, in th t

The O ro ntes of classica l g eo g ra phy . 3 Khiluk may be the s a me as Khil ak o r Cilicia . R R D F TH E 90 ECO S O PAST.

sea- a 7 The tribute of the Kings of the co st I received . On the shores of the broad s ea An a 8 . I descended im ge of my Lordship, the main

in - ta er a a a . sea of my n me for ges, I m de By the side (I

set it up) . a Am nu s o 9 To the mount ins of a I as cended. L gs of

an fir A a cedar d I cut . To mountains (I went up . g inst) 1 0 a Atalur an a a the l nd of , uninh bited pl ce of deserts

l -l in r a and ow . . F ( ) y g , I went Its t ibute I ppointed rom

the s ea (I departed . ) 1 1 a a Khaz az u Nulia Butamu The cities of T y , , (and) , P ini at ans . a belonging to the , I took Two thous nd eight hundred fighting-men

1 2 F a I slew. ourteen thousand six hundred of their sl ves

a a a . ri AR I c rried w y The t bute of AME, the son of ’ GU SI , silver, gold, oxen 1 a a and i 3 sheep, go ts, orn ments of gold , ( ) silver spec e a wn . a o I received In the s me ye r during my eponymy,

a 1 da in the month Iyy r, the 3 th y, from the city (of Nineveh)

1 a . 4 I dep rted. The river Tigris I crossed Through the ’ countries of Kha samu (and) Dikhnunu I passed . To

- Barsi AKH UN I the city of Tul p, the stronghold of AKH N I 1 AD a a . U 5 the son of INI , I ppro ched the son of AD 1N 1 to the power of his armies trusted and to meet me

a A a c me. destruction of him I m de . In (his city)

1 6 F -Barsi de I shut him up . rom the city of Tul p I n r a parted . In large vessels of ski the Euph tes in its upper

a . . . a a p rt I crossed The cities of g , T gi ’ 1 Surunu Pari a M abas ere and Dabi u 6 his 7 , p , , ( ) g , of I fi htin strongholds belonging to AKH UN I took . His g g men

L o f a a o a . . o of a it , in the ep nymy the ye r my n me f res id

R R D F TH E 9 2 ECO S O PAST.

F ’ 5 000 sheep I received . ( rom) SANGAR A of the city of the C archemishians one- third talent

2 8 and a i a 0 of gold, one s xth t lent of silver, 3 talents of 1 0 0 a 2 0 a and bronze, t lents of iron, t lents of white ( ) ur le a i and 1 0 0 p p cloth , 5 thrones, his d ughter with g fts ’ a of his nobles d ughters,

2 0 0 and 0 0 0 ma . One 9 5 oxen, ( ) 5 sheep I received neh of gold (and) 2 talents of white and purple cloth to one a i n /z fi talent of silver, g tribute, I imposed . The xed sum F KATAe U I duly received . ( rom) ,

0 oma ene 2 0 a and 00 a 3 of C g , m nehs of silver, ( ) 3 be ms of

a fi . ced r, the xed sum I duly received In the eponymy

A R - B -C AY I N t a 1 th da of SSU ILA , the mon h T mmuz, the 3 y, n a from the city of Ni eveh I dep rted . h ’ m 3 1 The river Tigris I crossed . The countries of K a sa u

l- and Dikhnunu a . u Barsi ( ) I tr versed To the city of T p, his stronghold belonging to AKH UN I the son of AD INI AKH UN I I betook myself. 3 2 the son of AD INI from before the sight of my mighty weapons and my watchful battle to save his life (fl ed- in

fear) . The Tigris I crossed (to go) h 33 against the hostile countries (which ad) revolted . By a A R a the comm nd of SSU , my gre t Lord, the cities of Tul Barsi A sa ukana and a a p, ligu , g , ( ) M ny A a 3 4 I seized . Men, even the men of ssyri , in the midst

(of the country) I settled . The palaces for the seat of

-Barsi my M aj esty within it I took . The city of Tul p the city of The Fort of Shalmaneser a a r r 3 5 by n me, the city of N pp g the city of The Law of “ A a Alli i ssur by n me, the city of g the city I took not “ a R u uliti for you by n me, the city of g the city of The ” A R a A a a . t a Comm nd (of SSU ) by n me , I c lled them th t time A a 3 6 to the city of ssur I returned. I took wh t the kings R O OF R INSC IPTI N SHALMANESE . 93

Patinians had al o f of the c led the city Pethor, which (is) ’ S a a E a upon the river gur on the hither side of the uphr tes,

’ 3 7 and the city of M utrrnu which (is) on the further side

E a TI GL ATH - P I L ES ER of the uphr tes, which , the royal fore a had f ther who went before me (united) to my country, (but) ASSUR -R AB -B UR I i f A a n 38 K ng O ssyri (a d) the King of Syria (AR UMU) by a a had a a tre ty taken w y, these cities to their places I

restored . The children of the Assyrians in the midst (of

them) I settled . 3 9 While in the city of the Fort of Shalmaneser I was

a - st ying, the tribute of the kings of the sea coast and of a E a the kings of the b nks of the uphr tes, silver, gold, a le d, bronze,

0 a a a 4 pl tes of bronze, oxen , sheep, robes of v rieg ted n F a a d . F thre d wool , I received rom the ort of Shal ’

maneser a . u ab a I dep rted The country of S g I tr versed .

1 - a a 4 Into the country of Bit z m ni I descended . From

- a a a the city of Bit z m ni I dep rted . The countries of ’ a Namdanu (and) Mirkhi su I traversed . Tr ckless paths (and) mountains 2 ffi a 4 di cult, which like the end of sword stood pointed ’

t a . to the sky, on wheels of iron I pene r ted (My)

chariots (and) armies I transported . To the country of ’ Enz ite (belonging) to the land of Isua co untrv Enz ite 43 I went down . The of to its whole t extent (my) hand(s) conquered. Their ci ies I threw

w and fire . do n , dug up , ( ) burned with Their spoil, their a booty, their riches , to countless number, An a a a a 44 I carried off. im ge of my M j esty of l rge size

a A R a I m de . The decrees of SSU , the gre t Lord, my

“ ” I du u . L . it , g p “ E z i w s a ri Arz a nia a nd M . N o a Ma n te a ne r the ver , r rris notes th t ps o f Armeni a h ave the n a me Arzen a t the sou rces O f the Tig ris . 94 R ECOR D S O F TH E PAST.

and a Lord, my collected l ws upon it I wrote . (In) the ’ Saluri city of , the citadel I erected (it) . nz it a 4 5 From the city of E e I dep rted . The ri ver ’ Arz ania I crossed . To the country of Sukhm e I ap V l a r ached. t asta a p o The ci y of , its c pit l , I took . The ’ country of Sukhm e to its whole extent ’ and fi 6 re . SUA 4 I overthrew, dug up ( ) burned with , the

a . F Chief of their city, with the h nd I seized rom the ’ country of Sukhm e I departed . To the country of a D ayani I went down . The city of D yani

4 7 to its whole extent I occupied . Their cities I threw

wn and w fire . and do , dug up ( ) burned ith Their Spoil ( ) a a their plunder in gre t qu ntities I took . From the

countr y of D ayani I departed . 8 Arz ascu a 4 To the city of , the city of His M j esty, be

AR R n A a a longing to AME (Ki g) of the rmeni ns, I p AR R A a f proached. AME of the rmeni ns rom before the sight of my mighty weapons 4 9 (and) my watchful battle fled -in-fear and his city aban a r A doned. To the mount ins of the count y of dduri he A a a . ascended . fter him to the mount ins I scended A

a a a f h rd b ttle in the midst of the mount ins I ought . Three thousand four hundred

fi htin - a 5 0 of his g g men with we pons I slew. Like the

- Air god a deluge over them I rained . Their corpses like

a . chaff I sc ttered His camp I despoiled him of.

1 a a a a and 5 His ch riots, his m g zines, his horses, his sses ( ) and a calves, his riches, his spoil ( ) his booty in l rge quantities from the midst of the mountains I brought AR R a back . AME to s ve

5 2 his life to inaccessible mountains ascended . With the main-body of my servants his countr y like a threshing-ox 0 a a I thr eshed . T his cities dev st tion I brought . The city of Arz ascu together with the cities

6 R OR D o r 9 EC S THE PAST.

and a and a brothers ( ) his sons my n me reported, ( throne) a of roy lty, horses

6 2 a a and am tr ined to the yoke, oxen , sheep, go ts, 7 c els a two which h ve humps I received . An image of my

a a a . A R M j esty of gre t size I m de The decrees of SSU , a the gre t Lord, my Lord,

6 and a a a 3 my collected l ws , which in the l nd of N hri I

a . t m de, upon it I wrote In the midst of his ci y, in his F . a ilz ani chief temple, I erected (it) rom the l nd of G

I departed. 6 S a a A 4 To the city of il y , his strong city belonging to C C1 hu i K usc a a a . King of the city p , I ppro ched The city I

besieged, I took . Their soldiers in numbers I slew. a a Three thous nd c ptives, their oxen, 6 a and a a 5 their sheep , horses, sses , ( ) c lves to countless a To A number I carried aw y. my city ssur I brought a (them) . Into the lowl nds of the country of Enz ite I a Ki . rruri descended In the lowl nds of the country of , 66 at the entrance of the city of Ar bela I came forth ;

‘ and AKH UN I AD the son of INI , who with the kings my fathers a covenant and treaty had made (with regar d to at whom , when) the beginning of my reign in the eponymy 67 of the year of my own name from the city of Nineveh

a - Barsi a a I dep rted , the city of Tul p his c pit l I besieged (with) my war riors I attacked it ; (a destruction) in the midst of it I made 68 its groves I cut down ; a falling- rain of clubs upon it I poured ; from before the sight of my weapons (and) the L r a and terror of my ordship he ret e ted, his city he left ; 69 to save his life the Euphrates he crossed in the second year during the eponymy of ASSUR -BANAYA—YUTSUR Sitamrat and after him I rode down . The country of ( )

L o of . it . , fr m (the time ) the king s R O O F INSC I PTI N SHALMANESER . 97

the heights of the mountains on the banks of the E a uphr tes,

0 a a as a 7 which like cloud equ lled the sky, stronghold he

a . a A R a m de By the comm nd of SSU the gre t Lord, my and R Lord , NE GAL who goes before me, to the country of itamrat a a S I ppro ched . 7 1 Where among the Kings my fathers none within it had ever penetrated in 3 days (my) wa rrior -host traversed the a a a t mount in ; br vely (in) its he rt opposi ion it brought, an a d scended on its feet . The mountain 2 AKH N 7 I swept . U I to the extent of his numerous forces

and a a a a trusted g inst me c me forth . The line of b ttle he a A formed . The we pons of SSUR my Lord in the midst

- A of them fell full . destruction of them

a . a a f 73 I m de The he ds of his f llen I cut o f. (With) the a corpses of his soldiers the mount in I strewed . His multitudes into the hollows of the mountains had been

F a driven together. ierce b ttle in the midst of his city

E a A R 7 4 I engaged . xceeding fe r of SSU my Lord o ver

ha whelmed them . (When) they d descended my feet AKH UN I an they took . with his numerous forces ( d) a a a and a a ch riots, his m g zines, ( ) the goods of their p l ces a a in gre t qu ntities, was a 7 5 of which the whole not t ken, to my presence I 1 A R E a . brought, The uphr tes I crossed To my city SSU As I conveyed (them) . men of my own country I a a counted them . In this s me ye r to the country of ' ’ a M az amua I went. Into the lowl nds

a— i lu 7 6 of the country of Bun g s I descended . The cities

1 The ca ptu re o f Akhuni which is here pl a ced in the ep onymy of

- - - . b o to o f Da a u Ass u r ba n a ya yu ts u r (85 6 B C . ) el ng s the ep nymy o y n Ass r

a o to B a b . (854 B . C . ) cc rding the l ck O elisk

I l o n a o f Ma z a m ua is a lso ca lled Za mn a . t ay the Armeni n side the u u o f ou a T a r s ra ng e m nt ins.

VOL . I I I . R R D r 98 ECO S o THE PAST.

‘ im and Nik r F m Nikd e ( ) de a I approached . ro before the sight of my mighty weapons and my watchful battle

-in- a and they fled fe r, a 7 7 in bo ts of wickerwork to the sea they proceeded . In a a a A bo ts of h rdened skin fter them I betook myself. a A hard b ttle in the midst of the sea I fought . de

a struction of them I m de .

se a a 7 8 The (with) their wrecks like ch ff I strewed . In the

D -A R a 1 eponymy of AYAN SSU , the month Iyy r, the 4th

da a . y, from the city of Nineveh I dep rted The Tigris I

crossed . To the cities i’ mm 7 9 of G a u (of) the river Kaskura I approached . The terror of my Lordship (and) the sight of my mighty ‘ a a and own we pons they fe red, to prov e their submission ’ G I AM M U their Lord

i lala n 80 they slew . To the city of C t a d the city of the

Pal-a a Mound of khi I descended . My gods I c used to

A a a a a . a enter his p l ces plundering in his p l ces I m de .

8 1 — a a . The store ch mbers I opened . His tre sure I seized A a . R His goods , his spoil I c rried off To my city SSU I F l itla a a . brought (them) . rom the city of C I dep rted To the city of the Fort of Shalmaneser 8 2 I appro ached In vessels of hardened skin for the

second time the Euphrates in its upper part I crossed . The tribute of the kings of the hither bank of the ’ E a S R uphr tes , of ANGA 8 C archemishians C UNDAS PI 3 of the city of the , of of the ’ C oma enians AR city of the g , of AME the son of GU SI , of L AL L r L allidians K H AYAN I of the city of the , of the son B R of GA A I , 8 D I P PAR UDA Patinians and 4 of of the country of the , ( )

ig dia ra is called the chief of the city of the Idians in the Bl ack Obelisk inscripti o n a nd their co nq uest is pla ced in the epo nymy o f Daya n

Assu r . “ L a o o f . it . , in the h m g e themselves

I R R F TH E O O ECO D S O PAST .

’ 2 00 U sana ians 0 a men of the country of the t , 3 ch riots (and) men AD ON r- Siz anians 1 000 94 of BAAL of the country of the ,

’ ‘ a G I ND I BR I AH Ar ba ans c mels of of the country of the y , 2 0 0 men ’ 95 of BAH SA the son of R UKH UB I of the country of the A mmonites , these twelve kings brought help to one a and a nother, ( to m ke) n a a a h 96 war a d b ttle g inst me ad come . Through the A R a high powers which SSU the Lord g ve, through the mighty weapons which NER GAL (who goes before me) F 97 furnished, with them I fought . rom the city of ’ a Gilz a u a Karkar to the city destruction of them I made. men

a - 98 of their troops with we pons I slew. Like the Air god

over them a deluge I poured . (With) their flight a fi All 99 the surface of the w ters I lled. their hosts with

weapons I laid low. Their corpses the area of the district “ a 1 00 failed . To give the preserv tion of (their) lives to an 3 the people , enormous multitude (of them) to their a a fields I distributed mong the men of the l nd .

1 0 1 O a a . The river rontes, close upon (its) b nks, I re ched a a a a n In the midst of this b ttle their ch riots, their m g zi es , (and) 1 0 2 their horses trained to the yoke I took away from

them .

Probably Arabi a ns . ll wa s not a ou fo r a a bo . Tha t is, there sp ce en g h the de d dies 3 ’ H to M . No rris s a at o of u ere, it seems me, r h ppy emend i n the text m st be a do pted . I C P O OF E A HADD N S R I T I N S R O N .

TRANSLATE D B Y

H . T A L B T . O F , e tc.

T 2 K ix I I is recorded in ing s x . 37 and in saiah x x 8 x vii . 3

“ S o S ennach erib King of Ass y ria d eparted and N w . w ent , and return ed an d d elt at ineveh

“ A nd it cam e t o pas s as h e was worshipping in th e

N od A m m h ous e of isroch hi s g , that dra elech and

Sharez er his s ons s m ot e hi m with th e sword ; and A they escaped into th e land of rm enia .

“ An d Esarhadd on his s on reig n ed in his s tead . Th e I nscription of which I h ere offer a translation m relates t o this i p ortant event . I t is alway s a pleasure to find an A ss y rian inscription which

own wa d escrib es , in its y, event s corresponding t o th os e m ention ed in Scripture . Th e clay tablets H 1 0 2 R ECOR D S O F T E PAST. which have b een b roug h t ho m e fro m A ss y ria are fo r

m r m the ost pa t is erabl y fractured , b u t in n o instance is th ere g reat er reason t o reg ret th e lo ss of a p art of

Fo r an inscrip tion than h ere . , it is evid ent that th e

r w m po tion of i t hich is lost , d escribed th e u rd er of S ennach eri b b y his unnatural sons and th e receip t of

E who was th e sad int ellig enc e b y sarhaddon , th en co m m anding an army on th e north ern confines of his

’

m . H b we fath er s e p ire ad it een p res erved , sh ould possibl y have found in it th e nam es of Adram m elech and Sharez er and m an y particulars of th e t rag ic event

Ko u u n ik now Thi s I nscrip tion found at y j , i s in th e fi British M u s eum . I t was rst p u blish ed b y Layard i n

— 8 m I nser zotions p lat es 54 5 of h is volu e of j , and

' m m rd m since th en , uch ore accu rat el y , i n th e 3 volu e

Cune or m I nscr i tions o Wes ter n A s ia 1 o f if p f , plat es 5

6 I st m N or t/z B t s and 1 . colu n translated in th e r i i /z 8 R eview 1 0 . . , 7 , p 379

1 0 R R D F T E 4 ECO S O H PAST .

1 as a sir in a 5 Then, bird spre ds its wings

1 6 a a a as a a a so I displ yed my st nd rds, sign l to my llies

1 and and a a 7 with much toil, in h ste , I took the ro d to iniv N eh.

1 8 But, getting before my troops, in the hill country of the

a - a all a Kh ni R bbi, their w rriors 1 9 powerful attacked the front of my army and discharged

their arrows . 2 0 But the terror of the great gods my Lords overwhelmed

them . 2 1 When they saw the valour of my great army they a a retre ted b ckwards .

2 2 R war and battle ISHTA queen of , who loves my piety, 2 h 3 stood by my side . S e broke their bows .

2 n a 4 Their li e of battle in her r ge she destroyed . “ 2 5 To their army she spoke thus : An unsparing deity

am I . 2 6 By her high command (or favour) I planted my h ‘ standards where I ad intended .

N CO LUM II .

(The commencement of this column is broken off. The meaning is doubtful : but it seems that during the time of a S R B a trouble which followed the de th of ENNACHE I , son of MER OD ACH BALAD AN named N EBO - Z I R —ZIZ or NEB O-ZI R

G I S I D I took the opportunity to rebel in lower Chaldaea .

The following lines appear to refer to this event . ) 1 the insurgent King

2 a a and a a a NI N - ssembled his c mp , m rching g inst GAL

“ obab a I a a t Ninive h bu t o f This pr ly me ns, pl nted them the rest o u b b o o ff a a a o o f a i the c l mn eing r ken , the necess ry expl n ti n the phr se s wa nting . R O O F R D D INSC IPTI N ESA HA O N . 1 05

was a 3 Prefect of Ur, who my loy l subj ect, 4 killed him with the sword and seized his and a a A R SUN BEL 5 even fter the time th t SHU , the , , N EBO R iniv h , ISHTA of N e 6 and R A a had E R D D ISHTA of rbel me , SA HA ON ,

a a a 7 on the throne of my f ther h ppily se ted ,

8 and a had the sovereignty of the l nd given to me, even then he worshipped me not a 9 he g ve me no more gifts, he would not do homage

to me, 1 0 and his envoy to my presence

1 1 he would not send . He would not even enquire after I the a M a est he lth of My j y. 1 2 h a at Niniveh W en I he rd of his evil doings,

1 a : was 3 my he rt swelled my liver inflamed with rage . My Officers 1 4 and Magistrates who were nearest his land I sent a a g inst him .

1 EBO—ZI R - was a 5 Then he, N ZIZ who gluttonous vile ignoble m an 1 6 a a a a he ring of the m rch of my troops, fled w y con te m ti l p b y to the land of Elam . 1 7 Nevertheless the a ng er of the great gods whose worship had a a A R OO SUN he b ndoned, SHU , the M N , the , 1 8 BEL and NEBO laid great afliiction upon him

1 n 9 a d in the land of Elam slew him with the sword .

2 0 B - R D a N ITH MA UK his brother, the deeds in the l nd of Elam

2 1 had which I done to his brother, seeing,

2 2 a E a and a from the l nd of l m fled, to do hom ge to me

2 a A r a and a a . 3 c me into ssy i , supplic ted my M j esty 2 sea a 4 The province of the co st, the whole of it, which

was a a . the inherit nce of his brother, I g ve to him

A u To o o o . niversa l c u sto m . neg lect it sh wed h stile intenti ns 1 0 6 R OR D O F EC S THE PAST .

2 E a a 5 very ye r without f il, with great presents 2 6 Niniveh a and to he c me kissed my feet .

2 7 ABD I - M I L KUTTI King of Sidon

2 8 a - a e and non worshipper of My M j sty, disobedient to a my roy l words, 2 9 who trusted to his position on the Great S ea and had a sh ken off my yoke,

0 c it of S a l 3 the yf idon, his gre t city, which a beside the g y Great S ea

66 ‘X‘ 46 K‘ ‘

(The rest of the story of the King of Sidon is broken off

a but it is preserved on the other inscription m rked B . )

CO LUMN III .

(The third column is a good deal broken but is very well preserved in the other inscription B . I therefore omit it here . )

COLUMN IV

‘ (This c olum n relates the conquest of Batz u an Arabian

a as . country, ne rly in the same terms in the inscription B I f a thereforei omit it, except the following p ssage which amplifies in an important degree the brief statement of “ a a 8 inscription B , n mely, I put to de th of their sovereigns w . . i a as (col iii 3 7) by g ving us their n mes, follo s, )

‘ 1 9 K I TZU King of Kaldili AKBAR U King of D upiati ; 2 0 MANSAKA King of M agalani ; YAPAA Queen of Dihutani

b Akba r It a o oba A n a me rel a ted to the Ara ic (g reat) . is ls pr bly the sa me with Abg a rus wh ose n a me is celebra ted in ea rly ecclesia stica l history .

1 0 8 R R D F ECO S O THE PAST.

‘ ! 1 8 BUD UEL King of Beth-Ammon : U S S UR -MILKI King of Ashdod 1 A KI 9 the twelve kings of the sea coast . lso E S TUZ King ’ of Edihal ‘ s 2 0 P I SUAGUR A King of Kittie : K 1 King of Sillumi 6 ’ “ 2 1 I TU-D AGO N King of P appa : ER rL r King of Sillu : 9 2 2 DAMAS US King of Kuri : R UM I TZU King of Tamisus “ 2 3 DAMUS I King of Amti-khadasta " 2 U N AS S AGUR A Lidini : BUTZU U ri 4 , King of King of p 13

2 5 The ten Kings of Cypru s " which is in the middle of the sea

2 6 : a — S a and a a ltogether, twenty two Kings of yri the se co st , and a all the isl nds, of them,

2 and a 7 I p ssed them in review before me .

C OLUMN VI . (This sixth column differs but little from the corresponding

portion of inscription B . )

had a o fo r wa s o f B -A o S e n This king l ng reig n , he king eth mm n in ’ ”

na he rib s P l. 1 . . c R o o f a vo . time, see ec rds the st, p 35 In - G I ma be the sa me p a g e we find Ur u milki king of ubal . think it y

the sa me n a me . 3 is thu s I l P a o f C u . o f da ium . o a n , king yth g r s, king iti m 5 S al a mis . 6 A Phoenici a n n a me Dag o n is with him . 7 8 9 . C u P . u o . a Pa ph os S oloe. G ri n ri s in liny

A city mentio ned by H omer : very celebra ted fo r its co pper mines . This n a me wa s ch ang ed by the Greeks to Am mochosta a nd fu rther b m a altered y the m o derns into Fa ag ost . ‘3 a a o a A hrodisiu m . An x g r s . p The n a me o f Cypr u s in the c u neifo rm inscripti o ns is Atna n : whence

a G a fo r a Alca m a ntzs . It o o a f o perh ps the reek n me the isl nd , t k its n me r m

Alt m a n a t o f a S abo . . ca pe the west extremity the isl nd, which tr (xiv p ib ! oo a a o two u descr es as a thick w ded he dl nd, divided int s mmits risin g The P oe a a oba b a a to wa rds the n o rth . h nici n m riners pr ly n med the isl nd

fr o m the first la nd which beca me visible o n a pproa ching it . TH E S ECOND

N C I P T I O O F E A H A D I S R N S R D O N .

TRAN SLATE D B Y

H . . LB ETC O . F TA T,

T H I S I nscription writt en on a h exag onal p ris m of

was Niniveh m baked clay , found n ear on th e ound of

net 0 i n n N ebbi Yunus (p r op 7 m ) . I t i s ow in th e

I t s fi M m . wa b L British u seu rs t p ublish ed y ayard ,

— 8 x b I nscr i tions . 2 0 2 p pl , and n e t y Rawlinson ,

l I — I I ns cr i tions Vo . . . p . pl 45 47 have translat ed it

tim es I t m m several , in roducing g radual i prove ents as

r Ass r ian Texts Tr a nsla ted Lo o 18 6 our na l Fi st, in y , nd n , 5 ; then in the j

68 a nd fi a of S acr ed L iter a tur e vol . 9 p . (April n lly in the Tr a ns

n f R o a S o of a u vol. . 1. a ctio s o the y l ciety Liter t re, 7 , p 5 5 O R R D F T I I ECO S O H E PAST. th e m eaning of w ords becam e b ett er known ; and I k h ave ag ain revis ed it for th e p resent wor . This second In scription is th e on e which I have

d enot ed b y th e lett er B in th e preceding pag es .

[1 2 R OR D F TH E EC S O PAST.

2 5 oxen and sheep and mules 2 6 all o ff A I swept them to ssyria. 2 7 I assembled the Kings of S yria

‘ 2 8 and sea a all the co st, of them .

2 2 S a 9 (The city of idon) I built new, “ 0 and a E R D D 3 I c lled it The City of SA HA O N . 1 a a a 3 Men, c ptured by my rms, n tives of the lands 3 2 and seas of the East 3 3 within it I placed to dwell and own ffi a 3 4 I set my o cers in uthority over them .

3 5 And SAN D UAR R I 3 6 King of Kundi and Sitz u an and r 3 7 enemy heretic, not honou ing my maj esty 3 8 who had abandoned the worship of the gods 3 9 trusted to his rocky stronghold 4 0 and ABD I M I L KUTTI King of Sidon a 4 1 took for his lly . 4 2 The names of the great gods side by side he wrote 3 4 3 and to their power be trusted R 4 4 but I trusted to ASHU my Lord . a 4 5 Like bird, from out of the mountains

6 and a . 4 I took him , I cut off his he d 4 7 I wrought the j udgment of ASHUR my Lord

4 8 on the men who were criminals . 4 9 The beads of SAN D UAR R I 5 0 and ABD I M I L KUTTI 5 1 by the side of those of their Chiefs I hung up 2 and a and a and f al 5 with c ptives young old m le em e, ini h a 53 to the gate of N ve I m rched .

They were s u mm o ned to do h o m ag e to him a nd then a ppa rently a dismissed a g in .

These wo rds a re bro ken o ff. 3 As a Ta lism a n which he probably wore abou t his person written on a slip o f p a rchment . R O F R D D INSC I PTI N O ESA HA ON . 1 1 3

C O LUMN I I .

The first lines are broken off it appears that the King had e was taken som prisoners, to whom he resolved to show

no mercy. r I c ollected them 2 to Assyria I carried them off 3 and in front of the great entrance gate of Niniveh a w bear s and 4 long ith , dogs,

5 I left them to stay for ever.

N O And Ti US PA the Cimmerian a a i was N roving w rr or, whose own country remote O O in the province of Khubu sna

and all O him his army I destroyed with the sword .

1 0 Trampler on the heads of the men of Khilakki

1 1 and Duhuka a , who dwell in the mount ins,

1 2 a a a which front the l nd of T b l , 1 3 who trusted to their mountains 1 4 and from days of old never submitted to my yoke 1 5 twenty-one of their strong cities 1 6 and smaller towns in their neighbourhood 1 7 I attacked ca ptured and carried off their spoil fi 1 8 I ruined destroyed and burnt them with re .

1 9 The rest of the men , who crimes 2 0 and mur der s had not committed 2 1 I only placed the yoke of my empire heavily upon

them .

2 2 am a and Crusher of the people of B ki , enemies heretics 2 3 who dwell in Telassar

K 12 a nd I a a xxxvu 2 a s a Tel assa r is mentio ned in 2 ing s xix . s i h , 1 city b b o f o u b i a i i inh a ited y the children Eden, c nq ered y the Assyr ns n the t me

b o r a a . o f S enn acheri , perh ps e rlier V I OL. I I . R D r 1 14 R ECO S o TH E PAST.

a a 2 4 which , in the l ngu ge of the people , ‘ 2 5 Mikhran Pitan

2 6 its name is called .

2 7 D estroyer of the people of M anna 2 8 who worship not fire lzost of Izeaoen 2 9 and the army of I S PAKAYA 0 Ash uz a a a f 3 King of g , their lly who could not s ve himsel

3 1 I slew with the sword .

’ 3 2 Conqueror of N EBO-Zi R -ZI S I D I son of MER OD ACH BALAD AN 3 3 who trusted to the King of Elam

34 but did not thereby save his life . 3 3 5 NAH i T- MAR D UK his brother a 3 6 I summoned to do hom ge to me . F E a 3 7 rom out of l m he fled, 3 8 to Niniveh my royal city 3 9 he came and kissed my feet 0 sea a 4 The province of the co st, the whole of it,

1 a . 4 the inheritance of his brother, I g ve to him

4 2 Spoiler of the city of Beth- D akkurri a ae a t a 4 3 which is in Ch ld , but in enmi y with B bylon 4 4 burner of S HEMS—I BNI ‘ its king a man and a 4 5 sinister tyr nnical , who worshipped not the name of the Lord of lords -5 46 who the lands of the children of Babylon

The n a me Pita n is a lso ca pable o f bein g pro n o u nced Ata n o r Ada n ha o b a to B b a which s s me resem l nce Eden in the i lic l p assag e .

The a ma a N bo a a a 1 n me y me n , e g r nt h ppy life 3 N a hit a o f a o o Anahit : A is the n me g ddess, therwise the n aitis of

G reek a utho rs . “ a fi The S u n a This n me sig ni es cre ted me .

5 M u The g od a rd k .

1 1 6 R R ECO D S O F THE PAST .

1 and 5 with her gods to her land I restored her. 1 6 6 a 5 c mels, beyond the tribute which

1 a a a a 7 he p id to my l te f ther, I ugmented it 1 8 and imposed it upon him . 1 9 After the death of HAZAEL 2 0 YAH I L U his son 2 1 I seated upon his throne

2 2 a a 1 000 ten m n of gold, precious stones

2 fi a a a 3 fty c mels , thous nd

2 a a a . 4 beyond wh t his f ther p id, I imposed upon him

‘ 2 B atz u a a t a 5 , l nd whose si u tion is remote

2 6 a a dwellin lace a most rid district, the very gp of f mine , ’ 2 1 0 kasbu 7 4 of ground, rocky, 2 8 and t broken, strewed wi h cutting stones 3 2 a w r 9 ild region , ve y hot, 3 0 which like a desert was full of scorpions : 1 2 0 a a a a a 3 then , k sb of rocky l nd , mere mount in of sakkilmu t stone 2 and a 3 behind me I left, I m rched 3 3 where from old time h 3 4 no King before me ad ever gone . 3 5 By the will of ASHUR my lord 6 a 3 into the midst of it triumph ntly I entered . 3 7 Eight sovereigns ‘ who dwelt in that land

8 : a a 3 I slew their gods, their we lth, their tre sures n a 3 9 a d their people I carried off to Assyri . 4 0 LAVALI King of Y adihu

B w b atz u a s a province of Ara ia .

R a a or t kasbu . This is a n ex a gg era tio n o f the scribe . e d perh ps f y The la nd of Batz u is elsewhere described as being o nly 100 kasba fro m

Ninive h itself. 3 ” o A ha s o fo r o B ub u 2 0 Inscripti n reg i n , which inscripti n s stit tes ” k I o o a obab b as bu which think is a mistake . Th se w rds h ve pr ly een bo rro wed fro m line 3 1 where they a re fou nd a g a in .

Their n a mes a re g iven in the First inscripti on . R O O F R D D INSC IPTI N ESA HA ON . 1 1 7

4 1 who had fled from before my arms 4 2 heard of the capture of his gods 4 3 and to Niniveh my royal city 44 he came to my royal presence and 4 5 kissed my feet . 6 kindl 4 I took pity on him I Spoke to him y.

had a emblem A R 4 7 His gods which I c ptured, the of SHU my lord

8 and a a a 4 I wrote upon them, g ve them to him g in . 4 9 Those provinces of the land of Batz u 5 0 I gave to him 5 1 tribute payable to my M aj esty

5 2 I imposed upon him .

53 BEL BAS H A son of BUN AN r King of the G ambulians 54 who at the distance of 1 2 kasbu among the waters and the marshes fi had a 5 5 like shes, pl ced their dwellings, 6 A R 5 by the will of SHU my lord, terror struck him, 5 7 and of his own accord 58 presents and tribute 5 9 fine fatted oxen

The s of th s co n is br n off ( re t i l um ok e . )

C OLUMN IV.

— Commencement broken an unnamed warrior submits .

1 he kissed my feet .

2 I had mercy on him : I washed out his rebellion . 3 The city of Shapi -Bel his stronghold fi a 4 I strengthened its forti c tions . 5 Himself and his archers into it 6 a I c used to enter, 1 1 8 R O R D O F EC S THE PAST.

and a a r - a 7 I pl ced him there , to be like st ongly b rred a a g te t the entrance of Elam .

8 P atusarra The province of , which is on the frontier

9 which is in distant Media 1 0 which belongs to Bikni where the mountains of ala a are b ster , 1 1 which in the time of the Kings my fathers no one trod

1 2 the soil of their territory, ‘ 1 3 S i D i R PAR NA and EPAR NA 1 4 Chiefs of fortresses 1 5 which had not Submitted to my yoke 1 6 and and a themselves their men , their horses ch riots

1 and a a a 7 oxen sheep , mules, B ctri n c mels ,

1 8 a a off A a . mighty spoil, I c rried to ssyri

1 9 UP P IZ Chief of the city Partakka 2 0 ZANAS AN Chief of the city Pardu kka 2 1 R AM ATIAH Chief of the city Uraka—Zabarna 2 2 cities of Media whose position is remote 2 3 who in the times of the Kings my fathers the land of Assyria

2 4 never entered, nor ever trod its soil,

2 a A R 5 the gre t terror of SHU my lord overwhelmed them . 2 6 E z amat a xcellent horses , the choicest stone of their l nd 2 7 to Niniveh my royal city

2 8 and . they brought, kissed my feet

2 A a a 9 fter th t, the Chiefs of cert in revolted cities met together 3 0 and besought my Maj esty

3 1 and obtained my a ssistance .

“ ” — P a r na a C M o P a a ua . Pha rnabaz us me nt hief in the ed ersi n l ng g e ,

Tis sa he rne s Arta he rnes a re fa i i a i a . p , p , m l r nst nces

R R D F TH E ECO S O PAST.

C OLUMN V.

’ ’ 1 (I br ong/zt captives fr om l a nds tonic/i Ii ao w a r r ea me) 2 I caused crowds of them to work in fetters a 3 in m king bricks . 4 That small palace

5 I pulled down the whole of it . 6 Much earth in baskets 7 from the fields I brought away 8 and a threw it upon th t spot, 9 and with stones of great size 1 0 I completed the mound .

‘ 1 1 a 2 2 a S a I ssembled Kings , of the l nd of yri

1 2 and sea a and a all of the co st the isl nds, of them

1 3 and I passed them in review . 1 4 Great beams and rafters 1 5 of abimi wood cedar and cypress

1 6 from the mountains of S irar and Lebanon,

1 v a bas 7 di ine im ges , reliefs ,

1 8 iln a stone , sl bs 1 9 of g r a nite and alabaster 2 0 and Of various other stones

2 2 from the mountain quarries 2 3 the place of their origin 2 4 for the adornment of my palace 2 5 with labour and diffi culty

2 6 unto Niniveh they brought along with them .

2 a a and a da 7 In fortun te month, on holy y, 2 8 upon that mound

bo . For their n a mes see the First inscripti o n . E ny 3 B a re bu t a not b fi . N . . Their n a mes g iven , they h ve een identi ed R O O F R D D INSC IPTI N ESA HA O N . I 2 I

2 9 great palaces 3 0 for the residence of my M aj esty

1 a 3 I beg n to build . 3 2 A great building of 95 measures in length 33 and 3 1 in breadth 34 which in the days of the Kings my fathers who went before me

had a a . 3 5 none ever m de, I m de 36 With beams of lofty cedar trees 3 7 I laid its roof 38 doors of cyp r ess whose wood is excellent 3 9 with cunning work of silver and copper I inlaid

0 an fi a 4 d tted them to the g tes .

1 and a 4 Bulls lions, c rved in stone 4 2 which with their maj estic mien

m a a 43 deter wicked enemies fro ppro ching, a a a 4 4 the gu rdi ns of the footsteps , the s viours a 4 5 of the p th , of the King who constructed them 46 right and left I placed them

4 7 at the gates . 48 A palace of stone and cedar wood 49 Of well contrived dimensions 5 0 for the r epose of my M aj esty

1 a 5 artistically I m de .

2 a 5 Lionesses of bronze, p inted I bit/zer and and 53 on the side, before, behind,

l a a 54 on scu ptur ed b ses I pl ced within it.

C OLUMN VI . 1 Of fine cedar wood and ebony 2 I made the ceilings of the apartments . 3 The whole of th a t palace

O ne b u to wa a nd o u a . But side eing t rned the ll , theref re np inted the a me ning Of the wo rd is do ubtfu l . 2 2 R R D F T H E 1 ECO S O PAST.

4 with veneer ed slabs of ivory and al abaster

‘ and a 5 I embellished, I embroidered its t pestries . 6 fl at a oor a With roofs , like fl of le d, 7 I covered the whole building 8 and with plates of pure silver and bright copper

9 I lined its interior.

1 0 The mighty deeds of ASHU R my lord 1 1 which in foreign hostile lands 1 2 he had done

1 3 by the skill of sculptors I erected within it .

1 a a a a a 4 Ced rs, like those of the l nd of Kh m n 1 5 which all other shrubs and trees

1 6 a a o it excel , I pl nted r und

1 a a 7 Its courts gre tly I enl rged, 1 8 its sta lls very much I improved

1 a 9 for the st bling of horses within it . 2 0 Wells I skilfully made

2 1 an v ed d I co er them properly . 2 2 That great building from its foundation 2 3 to its summit

2 an fi fi a 4 I built d I nished . I lled with be uties 2 a a a E 5 the Gre t P l ce of my mpire,

2 6 and I called it The Palace which rivals the world .

2 A R R Niniveh and A a 7 SHU , ISHTA of , the gods of ssyri

2 8 all a of them, I fe sted within it 2 9 victims precious and beautiful 3 0 I sacrificed before them

1 an 3 d I caused them to receive my g ifts .

“ ” Ur a km a kill -S H Th b r a ka m to b o ha s b a . e ver em r ider een ret ined not o i H b bu a r i ca m ar e a nd . a nly n e rew, etc , t even in the It li n in French a nd S a o u p nish . The co mmerce o f the Leva nt probably intr d ced the wo rd .

w g There a s a lwa s a fea st o f ina u u ratio n . y c

1 2 R OR D F 4 EC S O THE PAST .

60 a a a sh ll n me their n mes, 6 1 when this Palace

6 2 a and a sh ll grow old dec y, 6 m an a a 3 the who sh ll rep ir its inj uries, 64 and in like manner as I the tablet written

6 a a a 5 with the n me of the King my f ther, long with the tablet written with my own name

I 66 a a Thou a a h ve pl ced, so do fter my ex mple 67 rea d aloud the tablet written with my name 68 then pour a libation on the altar sacrifice a victim 69 and place it with the tablet written with thy own name ! 7 0 so shall ASHUR and ISHTAR 7 I hear thy prayers

C OLO PH ON .

Ab a i 8 h In the month of (July) d y the t .

a D ate on a notIzer fr g ment. In the month of in the Eponymy of ATAR AN prefect of the city Lakhiri .

The king here a ddresses his s uccesso r (wh oever he m ay be ) . A N A C C A D I A L I U G Y N T R .

TRAN SLATE D BY

R EV. A. H . S A Y C M E , . A .

T H E frag m ent s g iven below form part of on e of th e m os t int eresting o f th e relig ious h y m ns in the

b The Liturg y of th e earl y Ba ylonians . m utilated condition of th e tablet is g reatly t o b e reg rett ed since th e g eneral charact er of th e hymn and it s allusions t o m ost o f th e p ri mary a rticles o f th e old

Accadian m y th olog ical faith m ark it out as having

b een a sp ecial favou rit e for d evotional purp oses .

F L eno rm ant v it was M. rancois belie es that put into th m o d H w t e outh of th e g ea , and dra s attention o k w th e fact that th e s word or dis hich i t celebrat es , w 0 x - ith its 5 e ternal p oints an d it s 7 concentric ray s , is analog ou s not onl y to th e clea bra o f th e I ndian 1 2 6 R OR D F EC S O THE PAST . h eroes b ut als o t o th e fla ming s word that g uard ed

P . th e entrance t o aradis e B esides this reference, th e hym n allu des als o t o th e creation o f h eaven and fl m earth , t o th e ood and that ountain of th e w orld

w ark - on hich t h e rest ed , and t o th e s even h ead ed

r w w l m s e p ent hich reap p ears , as i t ou d s ee i n a f m w H . b orro ed or , in indu leg end

A n int erlinear A ss y rian rendering is attach ed to

A w th e ccadian orig inal , hich i s divid ed int o lines z T w b an d stan as . h es e ere chant ed y th e p ri ests

the f m m m d uring p er or ance of s o e relig ious cere ony.

The m m w k re ot e antiquit y o f t h e h y n , hich g oes bac

B m m . . C b ey ond th e s econd illeniu , enhances its

valu e .

Th e t ex t i s lith og raph ed in th e Cu neifor m I n

es t A s ia V I I W er n . 1 s cr i tions o . p f , ol , pl 9, and a

O ert t ranslatio n of it has been g iven b y M . pp in th e

o s i ue I I 6 I M F ur nal A ia t . . y q 4 , , and b y rancois

P em er es vilis t n I I L n rm n r i Ci a io s . e o a t i n hi s pp .

’’ — c 194 196 and L a M agi c lica les C/za laeens pp .

1 2 8 R OR D O F EC S THE PAST .

1 2 a The striker of mountains , my murderous we pon of

ANU a . , I be r

1 a fish 3 The striker of mount ins , the with 7 tails that is

a . mine , I be r

1 a a a 4 The terror of b ttle , the destroyer of rebel l nds th t

a . is mine , I be r

R (OBVE SE . )

1 r a 5 The defender of conquests , the g e t sword, the

a a . f lchion of my divinity, I be r

1 6 a a a n a Th t from whose h nd the mount i esc pes not , the

a a a . h nd of the hero of b ttle which is mine , I be r del t a 1 a a . 7 The n of heroes , my spe r of b ttle , (I be r ) 1 8 a a My crown which strikes g inst men , the bow of the

a . lightning, (I be r ) 1 a and 9 The crusher of the temples of rebel l nds , my club

a a . buckler of b ttle , (I be r ) 2 0 a a 0 a The lightning of b ttle , my we pon of 5 he ds, (I bean ) 2 1 The t/zunder bolt of 7 heads like the huge serpent of

a a . 7 he ds , (I be r )

2 2 a a sea a Like the serpent th t be ts the , (which ttacks) the a foe in the f ce ,

2 a a forcefiil a a 3 the dev st tor of b ttle , Lord over he ven

and a a a . earth , the we pon of (seven) he ds , (I be r ) 2 a a da 4 Th t which m keth the light come forth like y, the

a a . god of the e st, my burning power, (I be r ) ‘ 2 a a and a fire- 5 The cre tor of he ven e rth , the god, who

has a a . not his riv l, (I be r ) 2 6 a fi w The we pon, which ( lls) the world ( ith) over a whelming fe r, 2 7 in my right hand mightily made to go ; (the weapon that) of gold (and) marble

“ O r m ore strictly the establisher . AN D R ACCA IAN LITU GY . 1 2 9

2 8 a i a t for dm r tion is wrough , my god who ministers to

a . life, (I be r )

2 a 9 The we pon, which like combats the rebel

w a 0 a a . land , the e pon of 5 he ds , (I be r )

(Here the panegyric of the lightning is broken off by a

a a a nOt a a fr cture of the t blet , which prob bly did cont in m ny

. a a lines more It is possible th t the following fr gment,

has a a a which never been tr nsl ted before , formed p rt of the

a same ritual . The numerous l cunae will show how shock ingly it is mutilated . )

1 Below in the abyss the forceful multitudes may they

sacrifice . 2 The overwhelming fear of ANU in the midst of heaven

encir cles his path . a t 3 The spirits of e rth, the migh y gods , withstand him

not .

- fl h a as wa . 4 The King , like lightning , opened (the y) AD R a 5 A , the striker of the fortresses of the rebel l nd ,

opened (the way) . 6 Like the streams in the cir cle of heaven I besprinkled

the seed of men . 7 His marching in the fealty Of BEL to the temple I

r otector a 8 (He is) the hero of the gods , the p of m nkind,

far (and) near . ‘ 9 To the men of Nlpur (he gives strength P) .

1 0 N EBO BEL , the messenger of 1 1 To my Lord AD AR BO a a 1 2 O my Lord , life of NE , (bre the thy inspir tion,

incline) thine ear .

1 O AD R cr own o ti lit a i ra 3 A , hero , f g , (bre the) thy nspi tion , r (incline) thine ea . 10 VOL . 111. R R D F 1 3 0 ECO S O THE PAST .

1 4 The overwhelming fear of thee m ay the sea (know) ; l and may (thy) sword ay low the fortresses .

(O BVER SE . )

1 a 5 Thy setting (is) the her ld of his rest from marching . 1 6 a R D at In thy m rching ME O ACH (is) his rest .

r (The next two lines a e obliterated . )

1 m t 9 Thy father on his throne thou dost not s i e.

2 0 B E hi mit L on s throne thou dost not s e.

1 a m 2 The spirits of e rth on their throne ay he consume . 2 2 M ay thy father into the hands of thy valour cause “ (them) to go forth . 2 3 M ay B EL into the hands of thy valour cause (them) to

go forth . 2 a ! AN U fi 4 (The King, the procl imed ) of , the rstborn of

the gods .

2 a a f B EL 5 He th t st nds be ore , the heart of the life of the 3 House of the Beloved . 2 6 The hero of the mountain (for those that) die -in

multitudes .

2 wi . 7 the one god , he ll not urge 2 8 (The hero for those who on the mountain) die -in

multitudes .

2 9 the one god, he will not) urge . fi (Here the tablet is nally broken off. )

Th e Assyri a n versi o n ha s here the g od o f the Eu phra tes . The Assyri a n text seems to rea d here (with) a sn a re may he ” a sn re fo r thee . 3 The a ha s a Assyri n simply of the hig h pl ces .

D r 1 3 2 R ECOR S o THE PAST.

I n buted to the nu mb er S even. so m e of these resp ect s we m ay evidently see how g reat an influence wa s ex ercised on th e m in d and b elief of the Jew s b y

thei r long residence at Babylon . ASSY A A ED E Y RI N S CR PO TR .

A P R AY R F OR TH E KI N l E G .

H Length of days N long lasting years

J Q a strong sword

A- a long life

I U extended years of glory N O pre- eminence among Kings a N gr nt ye to the King my Lord, O C who has given such gifts 9 to his gods 1 0 The bounds vast and wide 1 1 of his Empire 1 2 and of his Rule , 1 3 m ay he enlarge and may he complete 1 4 Holding over all Kings supremacy 1 5 and royalty and empire 1 6 may he attain to grey hairs 1 7 and old age I 1 8 And a fter the life of these days, “ 1 a a 9 in the fe sts of the silver mountain , the he venly Courts

o Tr a nsa ctions of o o f B b a A o o Vol. 1 Fr m the the S ciety i lic l rchae l g y, ,

. 10 . The o a Cunei or m I ns cr i tions o n Asza Vol p 7 rig in l is in f p f P eVster , . 3, plate 66 . “ ” Th s ub s u The Assyria n O lymp us . e epithet silver wa do tless g b o a b a u o dwellin lace of g ested y s me sn owy in ccessi le pe k, the s pp sed g p o the g ds . 1 R OR D F 34 EC S O THE PAST.

the abode of blessedness and in the Light

Of H a f ields the ppy , m ay he dwell a life a etern l, holy in the presence of the gods who inhabit Assyria

A S H OR T PR AY E R F OR TH E S O U L OF A Y I N MAN ‘ D G .

1 Like a bird may it fly to a lofty place 2 a ma To the holy h nds of its god, y it ascend

A N OT H R 2 E .

a lor The man, who is dep rting in g y a a may his soul shine r di nt as brass . To that man may the Sun give life and RD Son MA UK, eldest of heaven grant him an abode of happiness I3

Bib l I dem . . 8 . a . S oc . . A . Vo . 2 . 2 . Tr ns rch , , p 9 , p 4

3 The Assyri a ns seem to h ave im ag ined the sou l like a bird with I u u a o shining wing s rising to the skies . t is c ri o s th t they c nsidered b A o o o u p olished brass to e m ore bea utiful tha n g o ld . m dern p et w ld h ave written differently .

R R P 1 36 ECO D S O THE PAST .

P N I N I AL P AL M E TE T S S .

a a (These l ment tions seem frequently to be incoherent . A few specimens are taken from the same work as the

are a a ar a 0 my Lord my sins m ny, my tresp sses e gre t ; and the wrath of the gods has plagued me with disease an and with sickness d sorrow . I fainted but no one stretched forth his hand I groaned : but no one drew nigh I cried aloud but no one heard O Lord do not aba ndon thy servant a a a In the w ters of the gre t storm, seize his h nd has i The sins which he committed , turn thou to r ghteous ness

W R WE ELSE HE E FIND .

1 O my god my sins are seven times seven 2 O my goddess my sins are seven times seven

And a a a ma ( then pr yer follows, th t those sins y doued as a father and mother would pardon them

AN R M I Y ADD E S S TO S O E D E T .

In heaven who is great P Thou alone art great On earth who is great P Thou alone art great 2 W a hen thy voice resounds in he ven, the gods prostrate a When thy voice resounds on e rth, the genii kiss dust

B b l . . a . S oc . i . . Vo . 2 60 Tr ns Arch , , p R R D ASSY IAN SAC E POETR Y . 1 3 7

‘ W R ELSE HE E .

thy words who can resist ! who can

a a 1 gods thy brothers, thou h st no equ l

“ R R A P AYE .

a ma a I The god my cre tor, y he st nd by my side a a Keep thou the door of my lips gu rd thou my h nds, 0 Lord of light

O DE TO F I R E .

6 (The original text of this will be found in 4 R 1 4 l . which

a a A was is lithogr phic copy of the tablet K 44 . part of it

a a a a o a lzoto r a b a a tr nsl ted some ye rs g from p g p of th t t blet ,

. 0 l see No 43 of my G ossary . Very few Assyrian odes are so simple and intelligible as this is : unfortunately most of them are mystical and hard of interpretation . )

1 0 F R a art I E, gre t Lord, who the most exalted in the

world ,

2 Son a art a noble of he ven , who the most ex lted in the

world,

0 F R i a 3 I E , w th thy bright fl me

a 4 in the d rk house thou dost cause light .

Of all a can 5 things th t be named, Thou dost form the fabric I

6 Of and a art I bronze of le d, Thou the melter

. Bib A V I d m . a S oc . . . l. . . e Tr ns rch , o 2 , p 5 1 ' 1 8 R R D 3 ECO S O F THE PAST.

Of art fi 7 silver and of gold, Thou the re ner 8 Of Thou art the purifier 9 Of the wicked m an in the night time Thou dost repel the assault

1 0 man But the who serves his god, Thou wilt give him light for his actions

1 0 R R D F 4 ECO S O THE PAST.

2 . 1 n A a R p 7 the followi g is found, written in the ccadi n a a A f a o f. l ngu ge only, the ssyri n version being broken 1 m m t a a . a a i T ke white cloth In it pl ce the , ’ 2 a a in the sick m n s right h nd . 3 And take a black cloth

4 wrap it round his left hand . ll 1 5 Then a the evil spirits . 6 and the sins which he has committed a 7 sh ll quit their hold of him, “ 8 and shall never return The symbolism of the black cloth in the left hand seems m an a all evident . The dying repudi tes his former evil An s rnbolised . d deeds he puts his trust in holiness, y by the white cloth in his right hand . Then follow some obscure lines about the spirits Their hea ds shall remove from his head their hands shall let go his hands their feet shall depart from his feet

a m a a — we a which perh ps y be expl ined thus le rn, from a a a a a i i i nother t blet, th t the v rious cl sses of ev l sp r ts troubled

a . S a different p rts of the body ome inj ured the he d, some

a and . . a a the h nds feet, etc , etc Therefore the p ss ge before “ m a a us y me n The spirits whose power is over the hand, ”

a i a . sh ll loose the r h nds from his, etc , etc . But I can offer no decided opinion on such obscure points of their superstition .

INHER ITED O R IMPUTED SINS .

3 These were supposed to pursue a sick m an and torment him . 1 The mamit for him reveal The mamit for him unfold

A o l ng list o f them is g iven .

S Bib . Vo l 6 . a . o c . . . 2 . Tr ns Arch , , p 5 3 / S e e C unei or m I nsc i tions o ll ester n Asia Vol . . . f r p f , 4, p 7 4 A o ob a u o f ha s no t b a a . h ly ject, the n t re which een scert ined AN D R TALISMANS EXO CISMS . 4 1

A a g inst the evil spirit , disturber of his body Whether it be the sin of his father or whether it be the sin of his mother or whether it be the sin of his elder brother

or whether it be the sin of some one who is unknown .

MAGIC KN OTS .

a a Justin Martyr, spe king of the Jewish exorcists, s ys A a a They use magic ties or knots . simil r us ge prevailed

2 among the Babylonians . The god Marduk wishes to soothe the last moments of a dying m an . His father H ea says Go my son ’ 1 Take a woman s linen kerchief 2 bind it round thy right hand ! loose it from the left hand 3 Knot it with seven knots do so twice 4 Sprinkle it with bright wine : 5 bind it round the head of the sick m an 6 a and a and bind it round his h nds feet, like man cles

fetters . 7 Sit down on his bed

8 sprinkle holy water over him .

a a H EA 9 He sh ll he r the voice of , ’ 1 0 D AVKI NA shall protect him 1 1 And R D E S on a a find a MA UK , ldest of he ven, sh ll him happy habitation

a . o Bib. A . Vol. 2 8. Tr ns S c . rch , , p . 5

Bib. A V l 2 . a . S oc. o . . Tr ns rch . , , p 5 4 3 O ne o f a o o f od H e a. the princip l g ddesses, the wife the g

a S o . Bib . A . Vol. 2 . . Tr ns . c rch , , p 54 1 2 R R D O F 4 ECO S THE PAST.

A I T L S MAN S .

To cure diseases they seem to have relied wholly on an a charms d inc ntations . ’ The first step was to guard the entrance to the sick man s

chamber. A tablet says “ a m a a Th t nothing evil y enter, pl ce at the door the god and the god

a sa a . Th t is to y, their im ges I believe these were little fi u a a g res of the gods , brought by the priests, perh ps sort of

Teraphim . The following line is more explicit Place the guardian statues of H EA and MAR D UK at the a and door, on the right h nd on the lef But they added to this another kind of protection

1 and Right left of the threshold of the door, spread out

holy texts and sentences .

2 a a a Pl ce on the st tues texts bound round them . These must have been long strips like ribbons of parch i a ment or papyrus . The follow ng line is still cle rer “ ’ In the night time bind around the sick man s head a ” 1 sentence taken from a good book .

a to h l a cter ies of co n S imil r these were the p y the Jews, which were ll S u e o of s ide re d to be pro tecti o ns fro m a evil . chle sner in his L xic n the N ew Testa ment sa ys th a t they were S trips o f p a rchment o n which were a o u o o o f M o a la w fo r be a written v ri s p rti ns the s ic , the Jews lieved th t these had o to a o f but es ecia ll to dr ive a wa lig a ments p wer vert every kind evil , p y y demons a s a a o a u o n C a . . , ppe rs fr m the T rg m the nticles, etc , etc We see th a t the Babyl o ni a n precept wa s to bind h oly sentences a rou nd the ” ” n hea d a nd o thers rig ht a d left o f the thresh o ld o f the doo r . Y l u nd u . . 18 : a a u o o a a C f. De t xi e sh ll y p these my w rds in y r he rt, in u ou a nd b for a u o ou a and as o yo r s l , ind them sig n p n y r h nd, fr ntlets between you r eyes . “ u o of u and And th ou sh alt wri te them po n the do r p osts thine ho se, ” u p o n thy g a tes .

R R D F 1 44 ECO S O THE PAST.

But sometime s this belief attained the grandeur of Epic

’ a fine poetry. There is tale on one of the tablets of

a a and the seven evil spirits ss ulting heaven, the gods

a a a l rmed st nding upon the defensive, no doubt successfully,

but unluckily the conclusion of the story is broken off.

A a l . un i o m I nscr i tions o West r n si Vo . a C ef r p f e , 4, pl te 5 A C E T A Y LONIA C HA M N I N B B N R S .

T RANS L ATE D BY

H AY C E M A R EV A . S . . . . ,

T H E following are speci m en s of the i mprecatory charm s with which th e ancient Bab ylonian li terature

w w m abounded , and hich ere supp os ed to b e th e ost

potent m ean s i n th e world for producing m ischief.

S o m e ex am ples are g iven i n th e firs t volu m e of th e

R ec rds o t c P a s t 1 1— 1 x m o b . f , p p 3 35 of the e orcis s

u sed to avert th e con sequ ences of such enchant m ents .

The orig inal Accadian t ex t i s preserved i n th e firs t colu m n with an interlinear A ssyrian tran slation : the l A S t o . hor parag raph s i n C . iii also g ive th e ccadian original ; b u t elsewhere th e Assyrian scrib e has con

tented hi m self with the Assyrian ren dering alone . m m The ch ar s are rhyth ic, and illustrate th e rud e

m A r A paralleli s of ccadian poet y . T he ss yrian trans 11 VOL . 111. 1 6 4 R ECOR D S O F THE PAST .

latio ns were probabl y m ad e for th e library of Sarg on

A ane m who of g , an ancient Babylonian onarch reig ned

’

r C . we not later than the I Oth centu y B . bu t the cop y

possess was m ade fro m th e old tablets b y th e scrib es

. o f A ssu r- bani - pal The larg er part of th e first F colu m n has alread y been translated b y M . rancois ld L e norm ant L a M a ie cnea les C/za éens . . in g , p 59 Th e tablet on which th e in scription occurs i s m arked K 6 M m C 5, in th e British u seu ollection an d will b e

pu bli shed in th e Cu neifor m I nscr iptions of Wes ter n

A s ia V 8 , ol . iv . , pl . 7 , .

R R D F 1 48 ECO S O THE PAST.

“ 1 5 My son , the number thou knowest not the number

let me fix for thee . R OD 1 6 ME ACH , the number thou knowest not the number fi let me x for thee .

1 7 What I know thou knowest .

1 8 R OD . Go , my son ME ACH

1 a and 9 with noble h nd seize him, 2 0 his enchantment explain and his enchantment make

known . 1 2 1 E a vil (is to) the subst nce of his body, 2 2 a whether (it be) the curse of his f ther,

2 3 or the curse of his mother, 2 4 or the curse of his elder brother, n 2 5 or the bewitching curse of an unknown m a . EA 2 6 Spoken (is) the enchantment by the lips of H . n 2 7 Like a Signet m ay he be brought near .

2 8 a - m a Like g rden herbs y he be destroyed .

2 a m a a - - a 9 Like weed y he be g thered for s le .

0 a m a a 3 (This) ench ntment y the spirit of he ven remember, a may the spirit of e rth remember.

FR R R ESH PA AG APH .

3 1 L he a and 3 ike this Signet sh ll be cut, the sorcerer

2 fire- a 3 the consuming god sh ll consume .

— a deli 33 By written spells he sh ll not be ver ed. and a m 34 By curses poisons he sh ll not be oved. and a 3 5 His property ( ) ground he sh ll not take . 3 6 His corn shall no t be high and the sun shall not

member (him) .

1 ’

a o . The . Th t is, the s rcerer s so rcerer 3 h T e so rcerer. B B O R ANCIENT A YL NIAN CHA MS . 1 49

O C LUMN II .

1 O n a a the festiv l of the god, the king unconquer ble,

2 ma m an a eldest y the (by) the ench ntment, (with) son and ( ) wife,

3 (by) sickness , the loss of the bliss of prosperity, of j oy and a ( ) of gl dness, ’ ’ a a k a 4 (by) the sickness which exists in m n s s in , a m n s ’ and a a a flesh ( ) m n s entr ils, 5 like this Signet be brought near and 6 on that day m ay the consuming fire - god consume 7 m ay the enchantment go forth and to (its) dwelling

place betake itself.

R FR ESH PAR AG APH .

8 a a and Like this viney rd he sh ll be cut off, the sorcerer

fir - 9 the consuming e god shall consume .

1 0 D liolida s a la ue a espite the y of p g th t returns not , 1 1 k u a despite the shrine of the god , the ing unconq er ble ,

1 2 m a m an a eldest y the , (by) the ench ntment, (with) son an d ( ) wife , 1 3 (by) sickness , the loss of the bliss of prosperity of j oy and a ( ) of gl dness, ’ ’ 1 a a 4 (by) the sickness which exists in a m n s skin, man s ’ a a entr ails flesh , m n s ,

1 a - and 5 like this g rden stuff be rooted out,

- 1 6 on that day may the consuming fire god consume . 1 7 M ay the enchantment go forth and to (its) dwelling

place betake itself.

FR R R ESH PA AG APH .

1 and 8 Like this weed he shall be gathered for sale, the sorcerer R OR D O F TH E EC S PAST .

fir - 1 9 the consuming e god shall consume . 2 0 a Before him, despite his blessedness th t is not,

2 1 a a a a despite the c nopy of covering th t dep rts not ,

2 2 m a m an a eldest y the (by) the ench ntment, (with) son and ( ) wife , 2 3 (by) sickness, the loss of the bliss of prosperity, of j oy and a ( ) of gl dness, ’ ’ 2 k a a a 4 (by) the sic ness which exists in m n s skin, a m n s ’ a a entr ails flesh , m n s , 2 and 5 like this weed be plucked,

2 fir - 6 on that day m ay the consuming e god consume . 2 7 M ay the enchantment go forth and to (its) dwelling a a pl ce bet ke itself.

FR ESH PA R AG R APH .

2 8 a a t and Like this thre d he sh ll be s retched, the sorcerer

2 fir - 9 the consuming e god shall consume . 0 D a a a 3 espite his dor tion th t is not,

1 the 3 despite the clothing of god, the King unconquerable ,

2 m a m an a eldest 3 y the , (through) the ench ntment, (with) and son ( ) wife ,

33 (by) sickness, the loss of the bliss of prosperity, of j oy and a ( ) of gl dness, ’ ’ a a a a 34 (by) the sickness which exists in m n s skin, m n s ’ a a entr ails flesh, m n s , h a and 3 5 like this t re d be stretched,

— 3 6 on that day may the consuming fire god consume . 3 7 M ay the enchantment go forth and to (its) dwelling a pl ce betake itself.

FR R R ESH PA AG APH . ’ 8 a - a a and 3 Like this go t s h ir cloth he sh ll be stretched, the sorcerer

- 3 9 the consuming fire god shall consume .

R 1 5 2 ECORD S O F TH E PAST.

C OLUMN III .

d I t be o e e e f n I I . is a b The fi rst part o C ol um I mutil te . c m s l gi l h l of a l s of a cal or ulae in t e midd e i t m g i f m .

0 a a a a a 3 The chiefest t lism n , the mighty t lism n , the engr ved

a a a w a . talism n , the t lism n is the binder, ith ench ntment

3 1 The repetition of the enchantment (is) baneful to m an .

3 2 The curses of the gods .

33 the binder with enchantment .

3 4 (With enchantment) his hands (and) his feet he binds .

R OD o f H EA 3 5 ME ACH, the son , the prince , with his holy

hands cuts the knots .

3 6 M ay the enchantment cause this talisman to the desert

among the wild bea sts to go forth .

3 7 May the baneful enchantment seize upon others .

n 3 8 May this man rest (a d) open (his eyes) .

m 3 9 TO the blessed hand of his god ay he be committed .

0 4 Conclusion of the formulae for averting sorcery .

FR R R ESH PA AG APH . 4 1 For the raising of the mighty foundation thus have I a burned up str ight, 4 2 like fire have I burned up (and) have delivered the 1 oracle . “ ” O r a a a . , h ve l id the witchcr ft B B O R ANCIENT A YL NIAN CHA MS . 1 53

COLUMN IV.

1 cu bear er H EA The noble p of , the scribe of MER OD ACH m (a ) I .

‘ 2 Like fire have I blazed (and) I rej oice ; 3 (like) fire have I burned (and) I grow ; c m an a 4 the o I purify d m ke heavy . 5 Like fire have I blazed (and) will rej oice 6 (like) fire have I burned (and) will grow ; and a a 7 the corn will I purify m ke he vy . 8 O a and and n dir ( ) zenith , the light of god man , m a 9 y the store he collected be delivered . 1 0 M a a y the store of (his) he rt whoever he be, ye his god

and . his goddess, be delivered

1 1 M a a ke t ast n a a y his g te be p f . O th t d y 1 2 ma m a y they enrich him, y they deliver him .

FR R R ESH PA AG APH .

2 1 3 M ay the rej oicing of the warrior fire—god

1 M a a and 4 rej oice with thee . y l nds rivers 1 M a and E a 5 rej oice with thee . y Tigris ( uphr tes) 1 6 n a rej oice with thee . M ay the seas a d (the oce n) 1 M a a 7 rej oice with thee . y the forest, the d ughter of

the gods , 1 8 M a all rej oice with thee . y the productions (of the earth) 1 M a a 9 rej oice with thee . y the he rts of my god and my

- a goddess, well fe sted,

2 0 M a a and rej oice with thee . y the he rts of the god the

- t a w . goddess of the ci y, well fe sted, (rej oice ith thee)

” O r , rest . 2 “ “ The w o rds tra nsl a ted rej o icing a nd rej o ice properly sig nify ” a nd a m b . rest, th t a y e their mea ning here 1 R OR D O F TH E 54 EC S PAST.

2 1 On a da m a a th t y from the curse y my he rt, 0 my god and my goddess, be delivered,

2 2 and m a a y the ench ntment go forth from my body. 2 comes u on 3 When the doom p thee, 2 and fi rote ctest 4 from the ful lment thou p thyself, 2 fi 5 the doom when ful lled cut thou off.

2 6 (The tablet) beginning

l lz Co op on. Tablet (copied from)

the old (tablets of Chaldea ) . Country of (ASSU R - B AN i - PAL )

King of (Assyria) .

1 56 R ECOR D S o r THE PAST.

Maruduk-bal- a a a Monolith of idin I king of B byloni (text,

unpublished) .

- Tablet of Vul mirari I king of Assyri a (text unpublished) .

- i Small Inscriptions of Vul n rari (various) .

Inscriptions of Shalmaneser I king of Assyr ia (various) . Inscriptions of Tugulti- ninip king of Assyria (various un rr I C u . ns . . published ; one , Vol III , p

- A risilim A a . . Inscriptions of ssur , king of ssyri (Cun Ins ,

Vol . III , p . Brick and Cone Inscriptions of Vul-bal-idina king of Babylon

(various) . Inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar I king of Babylonia (un

published) .

l - l Ti ath Pi eser A a . . Cylinder of g I king of ssyri (Cun Ins ,

Vol . I , pp . 9

a Ti lath-Pil s r a Other fr gments of g e e (v rious) . Contr acts dated in the reign of M aruduk-nadin -ahi king of

Babylon (various) .

A - - a a A ria I ns Inscriptions of ssur bel k l king of ssy (Cun . ,

Vol . I , p . am i l A S s vu a . . Inscriptions of IV king of ssyri (Cun Ins ,

Vol . III , p . Contract dated in the reign of Simma- sihu king of Babylon ’

La ard s . . ( y Ins , p

A - a - al a Other Inscriptions of ssur n sir p (v rious) . ’

I La ar . 1 2 S a a I d s . Bull Inscription of h lm neser ( y Ins , p , ’ L a ar a O S a a d s I ns . Bl ck belisk of h lm neser I I ( y , p

- irari A a . n r . Inscriptions of Vul III king of ssy i (Cun Ins ,

Vol . I . p . Fragments of Annals of Tiglath-Pileser II king of Assyria

(various) . Fragments of Inscriptions Shalmaneser IV king of Assyria

(various) .

Inscription of the Second Year of Sargon (unpublished) . O F R R LISTS FU THE TEXTS . 1 5 7

’ im rud Sa L a r a d s . N Inscription of rgon ( y Ins , p . a S a Cylinder (B rrel) of rgon (Cun . Ins . , Vol . I , p . a Prism of S rgon (unpublished) .

F asti of S argon (Botta) .

Annals of S argon (Botta) . a a Other Inscriptions of S rgon (v rious) . a Tablet of K alah Sherg t . Y N a a . . . . ebbi un s T blet (Cun Ins , Vol I , pp 43 ,

S a . . . 1 2 Bull Inscriptions of enn cherib (Cun Ins , Vol III , pp . and

a Other Inscriptions of Senn cherib (various) . E a a a . V rious other Inscriptions of s rh ddon (Cun Ins . ,

Vol . I ,

D and E A a a Portions of Cylinders B, C , , of ssurb nip l ’ (Smith s Assurbanipal) . ’ Various Historical Tablets of Assurbanipal (Smith s Assur i ban pal) .

A a a . . . Hunting Texts of ssurb nip l (Cun Ins , Vol I , p .

- - A A a u . G n. Inscriptions of ssur ebel ili king of ssyri ( Ins , Vols . n I a d III) .

- a —iskun A a Cylinder of Bel z kir king of ssyri (Cun . Ins . Vol . I .

p .

ala Inscription of Nabop ssar king of Babylonia (unpublished) .

a a a . Inscription (Indi House) of Nebuch dnezz r (Cun Ins . ,

Vol . I , pp . 53 to

S enkereh a a . . . Cylinder of Nebuch dnezz r (Cun Ins , Vol I ,

p .

i a a . . Bors a . pp Cylinder of Nebuch dnezz r (Cun Ins , Vol I ,

p . a a Various other texts of Nebuch dnezz r . Tablet dated in the reign of Evil Merodach king of

a B bylon .

- - a . . Cylinder of Nergal shar ezer king of B bylon (Cun Ins ,

Vol . I , p . 8 1 5 R ECOR D S O F THE PAST .

Na ne du a bo s . Cylinders of king of B bylon (Cun . Ins , Vol . I ,

- 68 6 Pp . 9l

Other texts of Nabonedu s (various) .

a a c Ar . . S o . . . Brick of Cyrus king of B bylon (Tr ns Bib , Vol II

pt . I) .

Inscription on Tomb of Cyrus . a D ated Tablets in reign of C ambyses (v rious).

Inscriptions of D arius .

Inscriptions of Xerxes king of Persia.

Inscriptions of Artaxerxes king of Persia .

a and a . Later Inscriptions of Persi n, Greek , Parthi n periods

jl/yt/zology a nd R eligion (mostly unp ublislzed

History of the Evil Spirits .

Hymn to the Moon God . ini Hym ns to N p .

The War of the Gods .

A - Prayers of mil urgal .

Prayer against Eclipses .

Various other Prayers .

Various Mythological Stories and Invocations .

Tablets against Witchcraft . fi Tablet on Human S acri ce . A ssyrian Sacred Poetry .

F able (umbublisbed

x The Horse and the O .

G over nment (mostly u np ublislzed A Tablet with dvice and Cautions to Kings .

Various Reports and Despatches .

Various Tablets with Laws and Reports of L aw Cases .

f ll ad l 8 Wi be R e u 1 . y, fi y, 7 5 R E C R D S O F T H E P A S T O , V A EX V L . GYP O I . E . , T I N T TS

WILL CO NTAIN AMONG OTHE R S TH E FO LLOWING TR ANSLATIONS

a a X The Possessed Princess . T blet of R meses I I . 0 0 Y X h D na a a XI t . The T blet of 4 e rs, y sty A a Th hm An ebni. nn ls of ot es III . Inscription of

Inscription of Aahm es .

Obelisk of the Lateran . a The Inv sion of Egypt by the Libyans and Greeks .

The Rosetta Stone . B BiR H L L s . C . D. y ,

The Tablet of Ahm es . n n Inscription of Queen M adse e . B P U L P R R y A IE ET .

The Book of the Respirations . K B P DE H R RAC . y . J . O

Hymn to the Nile .

R M . A r X B . C C K CAN N ETE EV . . OO o . y F , O E R

The Tale of S etnau .

B P L P G R NOU . y . E A E E F

The Neapolitan Stele .

an . Treaty of Pea ce Between Rameses II . d the Hittites

The Festal Dirge of the Egyptians .

w G DWiN . . B . oo M y C . , A

Obelisk of Rameses II .

Hymn to O siris . C By FRAN Ois CHABAS .

Ethiopian Annals . ‘ Stele of the Vision .

Stele of the Excommunication .

B G M S P RO . y . A E

' I n consequence of tbc incr eased inter est taken in t/ns S er ies it Izas been decided to issue a n extr a ASSYR IAN volume l me Tbus on ul usl wit/z tbe next E T vo u . sim taneo y GYP IAN , ’ ll d l a nd wi be r ea . u 1 1 8 . . . y y , 7 5 , Vols IV V y L I ST O F T RAN S LAT I ON S

“ W/zic/z lea ve appea r ed in t/ze R ECOR D S OF TH E P A S T

u to t/zis da te D ecember 1 8 p , , 74 .

E Y A G PTI N TEXTS .

Inscription of Una . A a Tho thm es nn ls of III . a St tistical Tablet . a Thothm s T blet of e III . a B ttle of Megiddo .

- - Inscription of Amen em heb . BiR H LL D B S . . . y C ,

- Hymn to Amen R a.

Tale of the D oomed Prince . M A. B C . . G o o DWi N . y W ,

n mh Instructions of Am e e at I . B G MAS E P . y . RO

War of Rameses II with the Khita .

U G . By PRO P . E . L . L SHIN TON

- Inscription of Pianchi Mer Amon .

B C x M . A. CA N r Ex T R R E v . . . C o o N o e E . y F , , O

- Tablet of Newer H otep .

By PA U L PIE RRET .

Travels of an Egyptian .

By F R AN go i s CHA B AS . h h Lamentations of Isis and N ep t ys .

B P D E H O R R Ac x. y . J .

Tale of the Two Brothers .

P L E PA G R ENour . By . E

a Egypti an C lendar. a T ble of Dynasties .

Measur es and Weights .

'

VOL . 111. 1 62 OF R LIST T ANSLATIONS .

ASSY A EX RI N T TS .

- Nirari Inscription of Rimmon . a a - Monolith Inscription of S m s Rimmon .

B abylonian Exorcisms .

Private Will of S ennacherib . a a a Assyri n Priv te Contract T blets . A a A ssyri n stronomica l Tablets .

Assyrian Calendar. a A r a an T bles of ssy i n Weights d Measures . S A a and a a ynchronous History of ssyri B byloni . a A A a a a T blet of ncient cc di n L ws . Kurkh a a Inscription of Sh lm neser.

Table of Assyrian Laws . A a ccadi n Liturgy.

Babylonian Charms .

B R EV A. H . AYC . S E y ,

Inscription of Khammurabi . i ’ Bell no s Cylinder of Sennacherib. ’ Taylor s Cylinder of S ennacherib . ar Legend of the Descent of Isht . a a Inscription of Es rh ddon . E a a S econd Inscription of s rh ddon .

Assyrian Sacred Poetry. R S . B H . Fo x ALB T F . y T O , .

a Annals of Assurbanip l .

Early History of Babylonia .

B GE G E M TH y OR S I .

Behistun Inscription of Darius . R B R H . AWL N S N S I I D. . L y O , C .

- - l Annals of Assur nasir pa .

B R V . M R D ELL W . y E . J . O

R E C R D S O F T H E PA S O T .

V O L . I L

E G Y P A T E X T T I N S .

C O N T E N T S

I N S C R P I N F U A I T O O N .

B y B R L L D . s . I CH , .

I N R U C I N S F A M E N E M H AT I S T T O O .

B Y R O . G . MASPE

A N N L S F T H O T H M E S I I I A O .

S TAT ST CAL TAB L ET . ABLET O F TH O T H M ES III. B ATTL E O F M E G D D I I T I O. NSC I PT I N O F M EN -EM-H EB I R O A . B B R L D L . . Y S . I CH ,

M I I H K H T H E W A R S OF R A E S E S W I T T H E I T A .

B Y R E . L O . P O F . . LUSHINGT N

I N R I P T I O N F N C H I M E R - M N S Cfi O F I A A O . BY R V F A NON F T M . A. O X . E . . O E E C . O C K, , C E R

B L N R - H T E P T A E T O F E W E O . R R B Y PAUL PIE ET .

T R A V E L S O F A N E G Y P T I A N . B B y FRA N QOI S CHA AS .

T H E L M N I N F I I A N P H H Y A E T A T O S O S S N D E T S . B y P D E H R RA K . J . O C .

H Y M N T M N - R A O A E . B Y W WI N C . u G OOD , M . A.

T H B R E T A L E O F T H E T W O R O T H E S .

B Y P L E R O . . PAGE EN UF

T H E T A L E O F T H E D O O M E D P R I N C E .

B y w D W . . . OO . C G I N , M A

G Y P I A N C A L N B L F D Y N A S I S . E T E D A R . T A E O T E

E G Y P T I A N M E A S U R E S A N D W E I G H T S .

' L S S O F U R H R T E x r A Y A N A N D I T F T E s , S S R I E G Y P T I A N

E L EC TE D B Y R A N D P L E R O . S GEO GE SMITH . PAGE EN UF O C E Y O F I L CA L AR C H fEO L O S I T B B I GY .

CO N D U T S TR EET LO N DO N w 9, I , , .

1 t/z D ecember 18 4 , 74.

ASSY R IA N AND EGYPT IA N C LA E SS S .

D R S I R EA ,

I have the plea sure to state that the se cl asses so on an o n ed and the ros e of wh ch so l l g n u c , in p p ct i live y a n n ere has bee e c ed w l now defin ak la i t st n x it , il itely t e p ce by the

a c on of the C oun l at the ro o s of the S o f s n ti ci , m ciety o

B bl al Archaeolo in the on hs of eb a Mar h and i ic gy, m t F ru ry, c , A l 8 . p ri , 5

The ASSYR IAN P HILOLOGICAL C LASS will meet eve ry

8 m nd r he d r c n f h R S a urda a t . . e t e o o t e e A v. . H . t y, p , u i ti

S who ha s e ared for the u se of his s uden a n AYCE, p r p t ts Elementary G rammar and Reading B ook of the Assyr ian

Lan u a e on a n the o s co le e l aba et e an g g , c t i ing m t mp t sy l ry y xt t , which will s erve als o a s a vocabulary of both Accadian and

A r an ssy i .

The EGYPTIAN C LASSES will meet at on the succe ssive

onda the a e on h under the condu c of Mr . P . L E M ys in s m m t s, t

PA R O who has al o re a ed an Ele en ar anua GE EN UF, s p p r m t y M l

f h E r o t e gyp tian Lang uag e with interlinea y te xts .

s BA S TER AN D The G rammar s will be published by M es sr . G

S O at the lowe o s b e cos the au ho ha n ene ous NS st p si l t, t rs vi g g r ly conceded their p r ofits for two editions in order to reduce the

r f a s p ice o the w o rk s to the students of the se C l s es . Ad s on to hese C a e w l be ree b TI CKE TS mis i t l ss s il f , y ,

h ch sha l be re ared to ssue on a l ca on b le er w i I l p p i pp i ti y tt ,

a e the fir eek in anu ar 18 . ft r st w J y, 75

In conclusion I beg to qu ote a p assag e from an addre s s by “ B R n h n h n l a ar h D r o t e I st . e e e b e s a . I CH i st W p rf ct sy l i s ll hav e been obtained and complete G rammars with inter lineary “ e ubl he he e ll e s no rea er d ficul es to be t xts p is d, t r wi xi t g t if ti surmounted by the s tudent than are to be found in the better

k ow la cal lan ua e s and cer a n not so a as ho e n n c ssi g g , t i ly m ny t s

h h a end the ud of S an r or Arab There w ll hen w ic tt st y sc it, ic. i t be no r ea son whatever why a t ol erably p erseve ring schol ar should not be abl e after two s es sion s p ractice to read Assyrian

as we l a s an E on bo ead G eek at the end of his firs ear l t y r s r t y ,

or to ran sl a e eas l s o e or on of s h C une o r or t t i y m . p ti s uc if m H ierog lyphi c texts a s are p rinted in the Tr a nsactions of this

” S oc e and in the R e s o P s t i ty cord f tlze a .

D R S I R EA ,

Y our a h u s f it f lly,

R CO PER . O . W .

F A A R SO C I ETY O B IB LI C L C H ZEO L OGY .

CO N D U I S R L O N D O N w . 9, T T EET , ,

a A a Instituted for the investig tion of the rch eology,

r A and A and Histo y, rts, Chronology of ncient Modern

A r a a E A a a and a ssy i , P lestine , gypt , r bi , other Biblic l Lands : the promotion of the study of the Antiquities of

and D a those countries, the Record of iscoveries here fter to be made in connection therewith .

To institute a Library of Geographical and Archaeo

a and a la logic l Works, under due regul tion to circu te the same among the Members .

The Meetings are held on the first Tuesdays in the month from November to June at p m .

P M EMBERSHI .

Ladies and Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members of the Society are requested to communica te by letter with

. . R W. a . OO S the S ecret ry, Mr W R C PE , 9, Conduit treet, ,

a all who will submit their n mes to the Council , by whom

Candidates are nominated . The Subscription is one g uinea

a a a a a per nnum , p y ble in dv nce, which entitles the Member to receive all the Publications and attend all the meetings

ar of and to borrow books from the Libr y of the Society.

ntr There is no E a nce Fee.