The Rhetoric of Self-Fashioning in the Works of Anna Cora Mowatt. Kelly Shaver Taylor Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 The Rhetoric of Self-Fashioning in the Works of Anna Cora Mowatt. Kelly Shaver Taylor Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Taylor, Kelly Shaver, "The Rhetoric of Self-Fashioning in the Works of Anna Cora Mowatt." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5761. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5761 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microrilm master. 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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE RHETORIC OF SELF-FASHIONING IN THE WORKS OF ANNA CORA MOWATT A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech Communication by Kelly S. Taylor B.F. A., University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1984 M.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1990 May 1994 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank my husband, John R. Taylor, and my major professor, Mary Frances HopKins, for their tireless support and endless patience. Without them, this document would never have been completed. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 2 BIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................23 3 FASHIONING THE CHARM : THE RHETORIC OF ANNA CORA MOWATT’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY...................................................................................41 4 SEDUCTIONS OF THE HALF-SEEN WORLD; THE DEFENSE OF THE CREATED SELF IN ANNA CORA MOWATT’S FICTION............................................................................. 69 5 FEAR, LOATHING AND FASHION: SELF CREATION IN ANNA CORA MOWATT’S DRAMA....................................................................................................... 97 6 EXPLOITING THE MEDIUM : ANNA CORA MOWATT’S CREATION OF SELF THROUGH PERFORMANCE.....................................................................................131 7 A FAIRY’S DREAM: SELF-CREATION IN THE POETRY OF ANNA CORA MOWATT..................................................................................................154 8 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................173 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 188 APPENDIXES A CHRONOLOGY OF THE LIFE OF ANNA CORA MOWATT..................................................................... 195 B LISTING OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS OCCURRING DURING THE LIFETIME OF ANNA CORA MOWATT 196 C LISTING OF SELECTED AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CONTEMPORARIES OF ANNA CORA MOWATT IN LITERATURE AND DRAMATIC ARTS .........................................199 VITA ................................................................................................................................... 202 111 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Anna Cora Mowatt (1891-1870), the subject of this study, was a nineteenth century American author, actress, playwright, novelist, and poet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rhetoric of surviving artifacts of Mowatt’s life in order to explore the ways in which Mowatt created a public self through these works. Mowatt’s nonfictional Autobiography of an Actress, her novel Mimic Life, her experience with mesmerism, her comedy Fashion, and her poem "My Life" are examined in depth along with the context of each creation within contemporary Victorian society. The course of Mowatt’s self-fashioning was not smooth. She did not choose a clear cut plan and follow it consistently. Her life and works reflect a constant process of negotiation, sometimes even involving the simultaneous playing of conflicting roles. Mowatt was successful in her quest to create through rhetorical/textual strategies an authoritative voice in her varied works. In these works, Mowatt fashioned a public voice for herself without appearing to her auditors to be a cunning, manipulative, usuiper of masculine power. Stephen Greenblatt’s definition of the process of self-fashioning is used. Self-fashioning is the process of shaping of a distinctive personality, a characteristic address to the world, a consistent mode of behaving. The term "self-fashioning" suggests representation of one’s nature or intention in speech or actions. Appendices include a chronology of Mowatt’s life and career, a listing of significant contemporary events and a selected list of contemporaries in Literature and Drama. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Anna Cora Mowatt Ritchie was a mid-nineteenth century American author, public reader, playwright and actress, a well-known and respected figure among her contemporaries in American literary and dramatic circles. Oral Interpretation scholars have called her the first "lady" elocutionist because she was the first female to enter the career of public reader without a previous career on the stage. In 1989, John Gentile, writing a history of prominent solo performers, credited her along with famed actresses Fanny Kemble and Charlotte Cushman with bringing to solo performance a level of prestige previously unknown in America. He claimed that they, as respectable women in a traditionally disrespected career, brought a respectability and an acceptance that allowed women of a later age to enjoy professional platform careers. ^ Her brief career as a public reader inspired many imitators. Mowatt was also one of the first American women to achieve popular success as a playwright. Mrs. Mercy Warren, Charlotte Lennox and Susan Rowson were among her few forerunners. Her best remembered play, Fashion, was acclaimed by audiences and critics alike. The comedy frequently appears in contemporaiy anthologies of representative American dramas. Theatre historians mark Fashion as one of the first successful efforts to create a distinctively American comedy of manners.^ Following the success of Fashion. Mowatt reigned as one of the queens of American drama during her eight year acting career. 1 John S. Gentile, Cast of One (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989) 25. 2 For further discussion of the significance of Fashion in the history of American Drama see Arthur Hobson Quinn, A History of the American Drama: From the Beginning to the Civil War (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,