DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 4 Making, Unmaking and Remaking Political Party Coalitions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

POLITICAL PARTY COALITIONS IN MALAWI 111 4 MAKING, UNMAKING AND REMAKING POLITICAL PARTY COALITIONS IN MALAWI Explaining the Prevalence of Office-Seeking Behaviour DENIS KADIMA AND SAMSON LEMBANI INTRODUCTION The contemporary history of political alliances in Malawi dates back to the early 1990s when Malawian political and social groupings joined forces and succeeded in voting out the 30-year-old one-party regime of Kamuzu Banda in 1994. While a recent unpublished study by Lars Svåsand, Nixon Khembo and Lise Rakner (2004) gives an account of the reconfiguration of Malawi’s party system after the 2004 general elections, there is no chronological and comprehensive account of the main coalitions of political parties in the country, their accomplishments and setbacks and the lessons that can be drawn from their experience. This explains the need for this study as well as the unique contribution that it makes to the field of party coalition politics. The study deals only with alliances made up of political parties. For this reason, the pre-1994 election alliance of various political pressure groups, faith-based organisations and non-governmental organisations, which worked towards the effective introduction of a democratic multiparty system, is not given significant attention. The study devotes equal attention to the history of both governing and opposition coalitions in Malawi. Specifically, it examines the short-lived coalition between the Malawi Congress Party (MCP) and the Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) after the 1994 general elections; the 1995 alliance between the United Democratic Front (UDF) and AFORD; the alliance forged between the MCP and AFORD prior to the 1999 general elections; the UDF- AFORD-NCD Coalition preceding the 2004 general elections and the 111 112 THE POLITICS OF PARTY COALITIONS IN AFRICA Mgwirizano coalition of 2004. It also makes cursory observations about other opposition and government alliances that existed in the same period. The making, unmaking and remaking of political party coalitions has been a recurrent characteristic of Malawi politics. Like the other chapters in this book, the Malawi chapter sheds light on some of the questions raised by this aspect of the political process by studying the objectives, functioning and survival of party coalitions in the country. The study is divided into six sections, an introduction and a conclusion. The first section gives the historical background to the emergence of political parties in Malawi, their ideologies, the weight of ethnic politics, resignations and defections. The second gives an overview of political coalitions and intra-party and inter-party developments. The constitutional, legal and administrative framework governing political party coalitions is covered in the third section. The fourth describes the formation of party coalitions, including issues such as the choice of coalition partners, the driving forces behind alliances, the selection of candidates and the allocation of important portfolios. The fifth section deals with the management and maintenance of coalitions and touches on the impact of party alliances on women’s representation in politics. The sixth considers issues pertaining to the survival and collapse of political coalitions in the country. BACKGROUND History As of May 2004 Malawi had more than 30 registered political parties. The Malawi Congress Party (MCP) is the oldest, having been formed as a national mass movement to fight for independence from colonial rule. It remained a post-independence ruling party under Kamuzu Banda until 1994, when it was challenged and lost power to the United Democratic Front (UDF). Most of the parties formed in the 1990s, including the UDF, came into being out of the need to have an effective opposition so as to bring about democracy and to ensure respect for human rights. The UDF was formed in 1993 as an underground conscience-raising movement against the single-party dictatorship of the MCP. The formation of political parties in Malawi falls into four categories. The first comprises about six parties formed before the national referendum of 1993. These include the MCP, originally established in 1944 as the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC), before the name was changed in 1959 (NAC was formed as a national liberation mass movement to fight for POLITICAL PARTY COALITIONS IN MALAWI 113 independence from colonial rule); the Congress for Second Republic (CSR), founded in exile in 1975, as was the Malawi Democratic Union (MDU), in 1981. The other three, the Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), the Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) and the UDF, initially existed as pressure groups in 1991-92 before the 1993 referendum (Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation 1998). All parties apart from the MCP, which was registered in 1960, were officially registered in 1993 in time for the multiparty general elections. The second category consists of eight political parties formed and registered between 1995 and 1997. They are: the Malawi Freedom Party (MFP), the National Patriotic Front (NPF), the People’s Democratic Party (PDP), the Sapitwa National Democratic Party (SNDP), the Social Democratic Party (SDP), the Malawi National Democratic Party (MNDP), the United Front for Multi-Party Democracy (UFMD) and the United Party (UP). All these, as well as others not mentioned, participated in the 1999 multiparty elections from which the UDF emerged victorious. After the 1999 elections, most of them either lost momentum and dissolved or have become inactive and defunct. The UDF, MCP and AFORD, which secured representation in both the 177-seat1994 Parliament and the 193-seat 1999 Parliament, have hitherto remained major political parties. The MDP was the only party outside Parliament to have some visibility thanks to its leader, Kamlepo Kalua. The third category comprises four splinter parties that emerged after 2001 as breakaway factions from the three main pre-1994 political parties (MCP, AFORD and UDF). These include the Republican Party (RP), the New Congress for Democracy (NCD), the Movement for Genuine Democracy (MGODE) and the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), all of which are led by an old generation of politicians. They are discussed in detail below. The fourth and final category comprises parties formed by professional groups, business executives and newcomers with no active political profile. The first of these was the Malawi Forum for Unity and Development (MAFUNDE), which was launched in mid-2002. It was hoped that MAFUNDE would create more competition on the political landscape across the regional divide and break the tendency to recycle old politicians across the parties. In addition, the People’s Transformation Party (PETRA) was registered by the end of 2002. Distinct from the two relatively new parties was a third, the People’s Progressive Movement (PPM), formed in 2002 by a group of professionals, including lawyers, academics and prominent individuals from the Chamber of Commerce. In the spirit of inclusivity, the 114 THE POLITICS OF PARTY COALITIONS IN AFRICA PPM has a blend of both old and new politicians, among them its current president, Aleke Banda. Table 1 gives the list of registered parties and the date of their registration. Most of them are not represented in Parliament and tend to be active only once every five years, during general election periods. Table 1 List of Political Parties in Malawi, their Registration and Status in mid-2005 Party Date of Registration Status* Malawi Congress Party (MCP) 1960/19.08.93 * Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) 21.07.93 * United Democratic Front (UDF) 27.07.93 * United Front for Multi-Party Democracy (UFMD) 27.07.93 ** Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) 05.08.93 * Malawi National Democratic Party (MNDP) 11.08.93 ** Congress for Second Republic (CSR) 18.02.94 ** Social Democratic Party (SDP) 15.02.95 ** (formerly Christian Democratic Party) National Patriotic Front (NPF) 24.05.95 ** National Unity Party (NUP) 31.07.95 ** Malawi Freedom Party (MFP) 26.01.96 ** People’s Democratic Party (PDP) 10.10.96 ** Labour Party (LP) 29.05.97 ** United Party (UP) 15.08.97 ** Sapitwa National Democratic Party (SNDP) 24.10.97 ** Mass Movement for Young Generation (MMYG) 19.08.98 ** National Solidarity Party (NSP) 17.02.99 ** Congress for National Unity (CONU) 17.03.99 * People’s Progressive Movement (PPM) 20.03.02 * POLITICAL PARTY COALITIONS IN MALAWI 115 Malawi Forum for Unity and Development (MAFUNDE) 13.06.02 * Pamodzi Freedom Party (PFP) 21.10.02 ** People’s Freedom Party (PFP) 21.10.02 ** People’s Transformation Party (PETRA) 16.12.02 * National Democratic Alliance (NDA) 03.01.03 *** New Dawn of Africa (NDA) 03.01.03 ** Movement for Genuine Democracy (MGODE) 06.10.03 * People’s Popular Front (PPF) 06.10.03 ** Mtendere Ufulu Party (MUP) 16.01.04 ** New Congress for Democracy (NCD) 19.01.04 ** Republican Party (RP) 19.01.04 * United Democratic Party (UDP) 28.02.05 * Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) 15.03.05 * *Active ** Dormant *** Dissolved Source: Registrar of Political Parties (Malawi), adapted by the authors PARTY STRUCTURES AND IDEOLOGY There are no distinct ideological differences between and among political parties in Malawi. Soon after the 1994 presidential and parliamentary elections it became apparent that most of the old politicians who had either managed to secure political influence in the new government or in opposition did not espouse and advocate a clear policy agenda to offer ideologically different solutions to the poverty and other social ills in society. To date, most of these parties can only be identified with specific tribal and elite groups and party colours, but not with unique ideology-based policy orientations. As Mekki Mtewa (1998) observed Political violence starts from lack of appealing programmes to enable political parties to win support. But ability to construct party ideologically based programs cannot be out of nothingness. After all, most of the parties were formed out of the need to have an effective opposition so as to safeguard democracy and to ensure respect for human rights.
Recommended publications
  • MALAWI COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

    MALAWI COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

    MALAWI COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 31 OCTOBER 2012 MALAWI 31 OCTOBER 2012 Contents Preface Useful news sources for further information Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.05 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY ................................................................................................................. 3.01 Local government elections ................................................................................ 3.05 Foreign donor aid to Malawi suspended ............................................................ 3.07 Anti-government protests: July 2011 ................................................................. 3.10 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (JANUARY TO SEPTEMBER 2012) ......................................... 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 6.01 Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7.01 8. SECURITY FORCES ...................................................................................................
  • MPHATSO MOSES KAUFULU (Bsoc.Sc., UNIMA; Bsoc.Sc

    MPHATSO MOSES KAUFULU (Bsoc.Sc., UNIMA; Bsoc.Sc

    USING A DYNAMIC STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP A THEORETICAL SOCIOLOGY OF MALAWI BY MPHATSO MOSES KAUFULU (BSoc.Sc., UNIMA; BSoc.Sc. Hons., UKZN) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCE BY FULL DISSERTATION IN SOCIOLOGY IN THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE OF THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL, PMB 2013 Declaration I, Mphatso Moses Kaufulu, declare that 1. The research reported in this thesis, except where otherwise indicated, is my original research. 2. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. 3. This thesis does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. 4. This thesis does not contain other persons' writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a. Their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced b. Where their exact words have been used, then their writing has been placed in italics and inside quotation marks, and referenced. 5. This thesis does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the thesis and in the References sections. _______________________________ _______________________________ Name of Candidate Name of Supervisor _______________________________ _______________________________ Signature Signature _______________________________ _______________________________ Date Date i Dedication To my late father and mother, Dr and Mrs Kaufulu. To my sister, Mrs Chisomo Kaufulu-Kumwenda, and her newly born son Jedidiah Joshua (JJ).
  • (Civil Registry) Judicial Review Cause No. 34 of 2020 Between

    (Civil Registry) Judicial Review Cause No. 34 of 2020 Between

    Malawi Congress Party v. President of the Republic of Malawi Kenyatta Nyirenda, J. JUDICIARY IN THE HIGH COURT OF MALAWI LILONGWE DISTRICT REGISTRY (CIVIL REGISTRY) JUDICIAL REVIEW CAUSE NO. 34 OF 2020 BETWEEN: MALAWI CONGRESS PARTY ……………………….………… CLAIMANT AND PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI …...………. DEFENDANT DR. JEAN MATHANGA ……..…..………………. 1ST INTERESTED PARTY MS. LINDA KUNJE ……..…..……………………. 2ND INTERESTED PARTY MR. STEVE DUWA ……..…..……………...……. 3RD INTERESTED PARTY MR. ARTHUR NANTHURU ……..…...…………. 4TH INTERESTED PARTY CORAM: THE HONOURABLE JUSTICE KENYATTA NYIRENDA Messrs. Likongwe, Chitukula, Mhone and Ndalama, Counsel for the Claimant Mr. Chakaka Nyirenda, Counsel for the Defendant Mr. Nkhutabasa, Counsel for the 1st and 2nd Interested Parties Mr. Chembezi, Counsel for the 3rd and 4th Interested Parties Mrs. D. Mtaya, Court Reporter Mr. Henry Kachingwe, Court Clerk JUDGEMENT Kenyatta Nyirenda, J. Introduction 1. This is my judgement on an application for judicial review brought by the Claimant under Order 19, rules 20(1) and 23, of the Courts (High Court) (Civil 1 Malawi Congress Party v. President of the Republic of Malawi Kenyatta Nyirenda, J. Procedure) Rules [Hereinafter referred to as the “CPR”]. 2. The Claimant is a political party. The Defendant is the President of the Republic of Malawi. This is a constitutional office established by section 78 of the Constitution. It has to be mentioned that the holders of the office of the Defendant have changed in the course of this case being prosecuted in this Court. All the Interested Parties are currently serving as members of the Electoral Commission (Commission). The Commission is a creature of section 75 of the Commission. 3.
  • Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S

    Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S

    Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs December 11, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42856 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations Summary President Barack Obama’s Administration and a number of Members of Congress have welcomed Malawian President Joyce Banda’s accession to power, largely because she has reversed a number of contentious decisions taken by her predecessor, Bingu wa Mutharika, who died in early April 2012 while serving a contentious second term. Banda’s status as Africa’s second female president, an internationally recognized women’s rights advocate, and a leader with personal socioeconomic development expertise has also drawn U.S. and other international support. There are also some indications that Banda may pursue a foreign policy aligned with selected U.S. regional policy goals. In August 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton traveled to Malawi for discussions of economic and political governance and reform and to highlight bilateral development cooperation projects. In September Banda addressed a gathering of Members of Congress at a forum on U.S.-Malawian and broader U.S.-African relations. Malawi, a former British colony, is a small, poor country in southeastern Africa that underwent a democratic transition from one-party rule in the early 1990s and has long relied on donor aid. Under Mutharika, however, Malawi’s ties with donors had been damaged over concerns related to economic management, undemocratic governance trends, and Mutharika’s acrimonious stance toward donors. Upon taking office, Banda—who had served as Mutharika’s vice president and therefore succeeded him upon his death—made a range of economic and governance reform pledges and related policy decisions.
  • Deliberation As an Epistemic Endeavor: Umunthu and Social Change In

    Deliberation As an Epistemic Endeavor: Umunthu and Social Change In

    Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Fletcher O. M. Ziwoya December 2012 © 2012 Fletcher O. M. Ziwoya All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology by FLETCHER O. M. ZIWOYA has been approved for the School of Communication Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by Claudia L. Hale Professor of Communication Studies Scott Titsworth Interim Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT ZIWOYA, FLETCHER O. M., Ph.D. December 2012, Communication Studies Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology Director of Dissertation: Claudia Hale This dissertation examines the epistemic role of democratic processes in Malawi. In this study, I challenge the view that Malawi’s Local Government model of public participation is representative and open to all forms of knowledge production. Through a case study analysis of the political economy of knowledge production of selected District Councils in Malawi, I argue that the consultative approach adopted by the Councils is flawed. The Habermasian approach adopted by the Councils assumes that development processes should be free, fair, and accommodative of open forms of deliberation, consultation, and dissent. The Habermasian ideals stipulate that no single form of reasoning or knowledge dominates others. By advocating for “the power of the better argument” Habermas (1984, 1998a, 1998b, 2001) provided room for adversarial debate which is not encouraged in the Malawi local governance system.
  • Malawi at a Glance: 2000-01

    Malawi at a Glance: 2000-01

    COUNTRY REPORT Malawi At a glance: 2000-01 OVERVIEW President Bakili Muluzi is expected to remain in power over the forecast period. But the main political parties, will, to varying degrees, experience internal disarray. A clear split has emerged in the main opposition party, the MCP, though the postponement of the September local elections should allow it to tackle its internal differences before they are held. A new uranium mining project will help the mining sector to develop, but infrastructure will need upgrading to attract further mining investment. Falling world tobacco prices in 2000, along with lower domestic production, will reduce export revenue, and increase the trade deficit. The rail link between Malawi and the Mozambican port of Nacala is scheduled to open in September, promising savings in transport costs, but improved track and signalling equipment is required. Key changes from last month Political outlook • There has been a major split in the opposition MCP party. John Tembo and Gwanda Chakuamba were both elected as party leader at parallel conventions in their respective regional strongholds. Economic policy outlook • The 2000/01 budget promises to build on the government’s reform efforts. But fiscal stability remains heavily reliant on foreign grants. Economic forecast • The EIU’s economic forecast remains essentially unchanged. Real GDP growth will slow to 3.5% in 2000, because of reduced agricultural output owing to poor weather. The rate of inflation will average nearly 29% in 2000 and the exchange rate will slip to MK65:US$1 by end-2000. September 2000 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent St, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders.
  • Government & Politics Corr

    Government & Politics Corr

    1 CONCEPTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND Augustine Titani Magolowondo INTRODUCTION This book is about Government and politics in Malawi. The diversity of issues that are discussed in the subsequent chapters bears testimony to the complexity of this subject matter. The aim of this first chapter is twofold. First, as you may have probably experienced in our daily discourse, the terms Government and politics are often confused with other key terms such as state and nation. As a starting point, this chapter clarifies these related concepts, which are inherently connected but yet conceptually distinct. Second, the discussion in this chapter aims at providing the context within which politics and Government in Malawi operate. In this regard, I look at both the political history and key socio-economic characteristics of Malawi. Finally, I discuss challenges facing Malawi’s politics and Government today. WHAT IS POLITICS? The concept of politics is as old as Government itself. Aristotle, the Greek philosopher (384–322 BC) argued that ‘man is by nature a political animal’. What was meant is that politics is not only inevitable but also essential to human activity. In other words, wherever there are human beings, politics is unavoidable. However, much as Aristotle’s maxim has become almost indisputable among the students of politics, there is no consensus on what exactly is to be understood by politics. To appreciate the conceptual complexity of politics, let us consider for instance the 2000 constitutional amendment to Section 65 of the Malawi Constitution (popularly called the ‘crossing of the floor’ provision). This amendment was to result in any member of Parliament (MP) losing his/her seat should he/she join 1 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS IN MALAWI any organisation whose objectives were deemed to be political in nature.
  • Transition from a Personal Dictatorship in Malawi

    Transition from a Personal Dictatorship in Malawi

    The Transition from a Personal Dictatorship: Democratization and the Legacy of the Past in Malawi Please do not cite this pre-final version The final version was published as a book chapter in: Shadrack Wanjala Nasong’o, ed . The African Search for Stable Forms of Statehood: Essays in Political Criticism Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008, pp. 187-227. Stephen Brown Associate Professor School of Political Studies University of Ottawa [email protected] In the early 1990s, numerous African dictatorships relatively rapidly and rather unexpectedly liberalized politically. The degrees to which they democratized—and speed at which they did so—varied greatly. The new forms of governance also differed significantly from country to country, as do their prospects. To a certain extent, the variations can be ascribed to decisions of key players at specific moments in time, often in bargaining with other actors. Analyses of transitions based primarily on such voluntaristic factors, such as O’Donnell and Schmitter (1986), tend to minimize the effects of the past. Others, such as Bratton and van de Walle (1994), see clear patterns in how certain types of neopatrimonial regimes in Africa democratize, placing greater emphasis on institutional history. This chapter examines the democratization process in Malawi, using Bratton and van de Walle’s finding as a framework to analyze Malawi’s post- authoritarian governance and prospects for further democratization. Personal Dictatorship as Analytical Category Hastings Kamuzu Banda rule Malawi from independence in 1964 until 1994 through a highly arbitrary and personalized system. “Life President” Banda was the supreme authority; his word had the force of law and was ruthlessly enforced.
  • Migrated Archives): Ceylon

    Migrated Archives): Ceylon

    Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Despatches and registers of despatches sent to, and received from, the Colonial Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Secretary established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that FCO 141/2180-2186, 2192-2245, 2248-2249, 2260, 2264-2273: the entire island came under British control. In Open, confidential and secret despatches covering a variety of topics including the acts and ordinances, 1948, Ceylon became a self-governing state and a the economy, agriculture and produce, lands and buildings, imports and exports, civil aviation, railways, member of the British Commonwealth, and in 1972 banks and prisons. Despatches regarding civil servants include memorials, pensions, recruitment, dismissals it became the independent republic under the name and suggestions for New Year’s honours. 1872-1948, with gaps. The years 1897-1903 and 1906 have been of Sri Lanka. release in previous tranches. Below is a selection of files grouped according to Telegrams and registers of telegrams sent to and received from the Colonial Secretary theme to assist research. This list should be used in conjunction with the full catalogue list as not all are FCO 141/2187-2191, 2246-2247, 2250-2263, 2274-2275 : included here. The files cover the period between Open, confidential and secret telegrams on topics such as imports and exports, defence costs and 1872 and 1948 and include a substantial number of regulations, taxation and the economy, the armed forces, railways, prisons and civil servants 1899-1948.
  • Draft Outline of Report – Separation of Powers in a Constitutional

    Draft Outline of Report – Separation of Powers in a Constitutional

    SEPARATION OF POWERS IN A CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY Discussions and Papers on Southern Africa Mount Soche Hotel Blanytre, Malawi January 28-31, 2003 Table of Contents Foreword: ............................................................................................... iii I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................... iv II. Framework of the Conference ..............................................................1 A. Country Examples.........................................................................4 B. Organization of the Meeting ...........................................................6 III. Proceedings ....................................................................................8 A. Opening ......................................................................................8 1. Keynote Address .....................................................................11 B. Plenary Sessions.........................................................................12 1. The Constitutional Perspective: Theoretical and Philosophical Background.....................................................................................12 2. The Malawian Perspective: Key Challenges Confronting the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of Government ...................13 3. The Regional Perspective: The Role of Judicial Review in Strengthening Constitutional Democracy and Promoting Economic Growth 16 4. The International Perspective: Judicial Independence – Best Practices, Regional
  • Ai Vestigatio of the Political Factors Co Tributi G to Floor Crossi Gi the Malawi Atio Al Assembly

    Ai Vestigatio of the Political Factors Co Tributi G to Floor Crossi Gi the Malawi Atio Al Assembly

    A IVESTIGATIO OF THE POLITICAL FACTORS COTRIBUTIG TO FLOOR CROSSIG I THE MALAWI ATIOAL ASSEMBLY: 2003 – 2009 by AE GRACE MAGAGA submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject AFRICA POLITICS at the UIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR C J APIER JUE 2011 DECLARATIO I declare that: An Investigation of the Political Factors Contributing to Floor Crossing in the Malawi National Assembly: 2003 – 2009, is my own work and that all the sources that I have used have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. _____________________________ _____________________ SIGNATURE DATE (Mrs. A G Maganga) Table of Contents Declaration … … … … … … … … … … i Abbreviation … … … … … … … … … … i Dedication … … … … … … … … … … iii Acknowledgement … … … … … … … … … iv Abstract … … … … … … … … … … v Key Terms … … … … … … … … … … v CHAPTER ONE … … … … … … … … … 1 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW … … … … … … … 1 1.1 Introduction … … … … … … … … … 1 1.2 The Malawi Electoral System … … … … … … … 2 1.3 Background to the Study … … … … … … … 4 1.4 Floor Crossing and the Different Malawi Constitutions … … … 6 1.4.1 Floor Crossing and the 1964 Constitution … … … … … 6 1.4.2 Floor Crossing and the 1966 Republican Constitution … … … 7 1.4.3 Floor Crossing and the 1994 Constitution … … … … … 12 1.5 The 2001 Amendment to Section 65 … … … … … … 13 1.5.1 Section 65 used as a Political Tool … … … … … … 14 1.6 Recall Mechanism and the Different Constitutions … … … … 16 1.6.1 Recall Mechanism in the 1964 Constitution
  • Journal of African Elections

    Journal of African Elections

    JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ELECTIONS Volume 19 Number 2 Oct 2020 remember to change running heads VOLUME 17 NO 1 i Journal of African Elections EDITOR Denis Kadima ARTICLES BY Joseph Olusegun Adebayo Blessing Makwambeni Colin Thakur Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi Mwiza Jo Nkhata Janet Cherry Gary Prevost Beauty Vambe Sipho Mantula Limukani Mathe Arthur Fidelis Chikerema Ogochukwu Nzewi Volume 19 Number 2 October 2020 i ii JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ELECTIONS Published by EISA 14 Park Road, Richmond, Johannesburg, South Africa P O Box 740, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 11 381 6000 Fax: +27 (0) 11 482 6163 e-mail: [email protected] © EISA 2020 ISSN: 1609-4700 (Print) ISSN 2415-5837 (Online) v. 19 no. 2: 10.20940/jae/2020/v19i2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher Printed by: Corpnet, Johannesburg Cover photograph: Reproduced with the permission of the HAMILL GALLERY OF AFRICAN ART, BOSTON, MA, USA remember to change running heads VOLUME 17 NO 1 iii EDITOR Denis Kadima, EISA, Johannesburg MANAGING EDITOR Heather Acott EDITORIAL BOARD Chair: Denis Kadima, EISA, South Africa Cherrel Africa, Department of Political Studies, University of the Western Cape, South Africa Jørgen Elklit, Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark Amanda Gouws, Department of Political Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Roukaya Kasenally, Department of Social Studies, University of Mauritius, Mauritius Abdul Rahman Lamin, UNESCO Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya Tom Lodge, Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Limerick, Ireland Khabele Matlosa, Political Affairs Department, African Union Commission Roger Southall, Department of Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa and Research Associate in Political Studies, University of Cape Town.