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Cariniana Pyriformis Miers) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR

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Cariniana Pyriformis Miers) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL ABARCO (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR 2018 Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C 2017 PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL ABARCO (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR.” Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca CAR Dirección de Recursos Naturales Grupo de Biodiversidad Bogotá, D.C. 2018 Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C PLAN DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL ABARCO (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) EN LA JURISDICCIÓN CAR Autor: Giovanny Andres Morales Mora – Ingeniero Forestal Plan de manejo y conservación del Abarco (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) en la jurisdicción CAR. Giovanny Andres Morales Mora. Bogotá, Colombia: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR, 2018. Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Revisión técnica: John Eduard Rojas Rojas Cartografía: Jorge Armando Lemus Fotografía: Andrés Mauricio Cortés y Giovanny A. Morales Mora. Disponible en: Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca – CAR Carrera 7 # 36-45 Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Tel: 3209000 www.car.gov.co Cítese como: Morales G.A. 2017. Plan de manejo y conservación del Abarco (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) en la jurisdicción CAR. Bogotá, Colombia, 46 pp. Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN FAMILIA LECYTHIDACEAE ............................................................................... 6 1. CONTEXTO GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Género Cariniana ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Distribución general y ecología del Abarco (Cariniana pyriformis). .............................. 9 1.3. Aspectos generales de la especie Abarco ................................................................... 9 1.4. Descripción botánica ................................................................................................ 10 1.5. Aspectos generales de la madera del Abarco ............................................................ 11 1.6. Manejo silvicultural del Abarco ................................................................................. 13 1.8. Fenología ................................................................................................................. 15 2. Cariniana pyriformis Miers en la jurisdicción CAR. ........................................................... 17 2.1. Área de estudio ........................................................................................................ 17 2.2. Distribución histórica del Abarco .............................................................................. 17 2.3. Distribución potencial del Abarco ............................................................................. 17 2.4. Distribución real de la especie C. pyriformis en la Jurisdicción CAR. ......................... 19 2.4.2. Descripción del estado de las poblaciones e individuos aislados del Abarco. ......... 20 3. ENTORNO Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA LA ESPECIE .................................................. 22 3.1. Identificación de presiones y amenazas de la especie ............................................... 22 3.2. Marco socio-político. ............................................................................................... 23 3.3. Marco normativo y documentación relevante ............................................................ 25 4. ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DEL ABARCO ......................................... 29 4.1. Alcance ................................................................................................................... 30 4.2. Marco Operativo ...................................................................................................... 31 5. PROPUESTA DE ESTRATEGIA FINANCIERA .................................................................... 38 6. SEGUIMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN DEL PLAN DE ACCIÓN (INDICADORES PARA EL SEGUIMIENTO) ....................................................................................................................... 39 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................................. 45 Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C LISTA DE ILUSTRACIONES Ilustración 1. Distribución de la familia Lecythidaceae en el mundo. Fuente: Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 15 Aug 2017 <http://www.tropicos.org/Name/42000105> ......................... 6 Ilustración 2. Distribución del género Cariniana. ........................................................................ 8 Ilustración 3. Características del Abarco. A. Fuste. B. Hojas y flores. C. Pixidio. Fotos: Andrés Mauricio Cortés, CAR 2017. ................................................................................................... 10 Ilustración 4. Planos de la madera de C. pyriformis. Longitudinal tangencial (Izq) y transversal (Der). Fuente: Camacho, R. L., & Montero, M. I. (2005) .......................................................... 11 Ilustración 5. Distribución potencial de C. pyriformis en la Jurisdicción (CAR, 2016) ................ 18 Ilustración 6. Distribución potencial de C. pyriformis traslapada con coberturas naturales (CAR, 2017) ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Ilustración 7. Abarco presente en el municipio de Pueto Salgar, con posibles afectaciones en el fuste por hormiga arriera Atta spp. Fuente: CAR (2016) ........................................................... 21 Ilustración 16. Avance de la frontera agropecuaria en zonas de influencia para la especie Abarco, municipio de Puerto Salgar. Fuente: CAR (2016) ..................................................................... 23 Ilustración 9. Esquema metodológico para orientar los lineamientos del Plan de Conservación y Manejo de C. pyriformis en la jurisdicción CAR. ...................................................................... 29 Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C LISTA DE TABLAS Tabla 1 Taxonomía de la especie C. pyriformis Miers. ............................................................... 9 Tabla 2. Propiedades físicas del Abarco .................................................................................. 13 Tabla 3 Fuentes semilleras de la especie C. pyriformis Miers. .................................................. 13 Tabla 4. Actividades (Presiones) de mayor relevancia para Abarco e identificación de amenazas directas e indirectas, así como el objetivo para contrarrestar las presiones. ............................. 22 Tabla 5. Tamaño de predios Puerto Salgar .............................................................................. 24 Tabla 6. Otras especies producción pecuaria. .......................................................................... 25 Tabla 7. Marco operativo con las variables consideradas en el plan de acción para la conservación de la especie Abarco. (Fuente: Kattan y colaboradores 2016). ................................................. 32 Tabla 8. Costos de ejecución de las líneas de acción del Plan de Manejo y Conservación del Abarco (Cariniana pyriformis Miers) en la Jurisdicción CAR ................................................................ 38 Tabla 9. Estrategia de seguimiento y evaluación del plan de acción.......................................... 39 Centro Comercial Gran Estación II, Avenida La Esperanza Nº 62 – 49, costado Esfera, Piso 6 y 7 de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C INTRODUCCIÓN FAMILIA LECYTHIDACEAE En 1979 The New York Botanical Garden, por medio de Flora Neotropica describe que la familia Lecythidaceae incluye cerca de 200 especies, distribuidas en 11 géneros que se encuentran en zonas tropicales, con alta representatividad en el Neotrópico. Las especies de ésta familia son un elemento importante de las zonas bajas de los bosques húmedos neotropicales. (Ghillean T. Prance and Scott A. Mori., 1979). No obstante, el portal The Plant List registra 24 géneros con 341 especies aceptadas. Ilustración 1. Distribución de la familia Lecythidaceae en el mundo. Fuente: Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 15 Aug 2017 <http://www.tropicos.org/Name/42000105> La misma publicación de 1979 divide la familia en cuatro subfamilias a saber: Planchonioideae, Foetidioideae, Napoleonaeoideae, Lecythidoideae. De éstas Lecythidoideae se encuentra únicamente en el continente americano a excepción de Cariniana estrellensis. Varios estudios realizados en Brasil demuestran la importancia de la familia Lecythidaceae en las zonas bajas de bosques tropicales, ubicándose entre las tres familias más diversas y con mayor abundancia en las parcelas medidas. Por otro lado, en Surinam la familia puede ser muy abundante en algunas áreas y estar ausente en otras. Algunas especies de la se han adaptado a hábitats inundables, no obstante, son más abundantes en zonas no inundables, con pocas especies adaptadas a zonas secas. Las especies de la familia normalmente no se encuentran en vegetación secundaria,
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