Bracara Augusta, Ville Latine
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Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – Issues of National Identity and Proto-Celtic Substratum
Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum Silvana Trombetta1 Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archeology (MAE/USP) [email protected] Received: 03/29/2018 Approved: 04/30/2018 Abstract : The object of this article is to discuss the presence of the Castro Culture and of Celtic people on the Iberian Peninsula. Currently there are two sides to this debate. On one hand, some consider the “Castro” people as one of the Celtic groups that inhabited this part of Europe, and see their peculiarity as a historically designed trait due to issues of national identity. On the other hand, there are archeologists who – despite not ignoring entirely the usage of the Castro culture for the affirmation of national identity during the nineteenth century (particularly in Portugal) – saw distinctive characteristics in the Northwest of Portugal and Spain which go beyond the use of the past for political reasons. We will examine these questions aiming to decide if there is a common Proto-Celtic substrate, and possible singularities in the Castro Culture. Keywords : Celts, Castro Culture, national identity, Proto-Celtic substrate http://ppg.revistas.uema.br/index.php/brathair 39 Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 There is marked controversy in the use of the term Celt and the matter of the presence of these people in Europe, especially in Spain. This controversy involves nationalism, debates on the possible existence of invading hordes (populations that would bring with them elements of the Urnfield, Hallstatt, and La Tène cultures), and the possible presence of a Proto-Celtic cultural substrate common to several areas of the Old Continent. -
The Language(S) of the Callaeci Eugenio R
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 16 5-3-2006 The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martinez Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Luján Martinez, Eugenio R. (2006) "The Language(s) of the Callaeci," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. The Language(s) of the Callaeci Eugenio R. Luján Martínez, Dept. Filología Griega y Lingüística Indoeuropea, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Abstract Although there is no direct extant record of the language spoken by any of the peoples of ancient Callaecia, some linguistic information can be recovered through the analysis of the names (personal names, names of deities, ethnonyms, and place-names) that occur in Latin inscriptions and in ancient Greek and Latin sources. These names prove the presence of speakers of a Celtic language in this area, but there are also names of other origins. Keywords Onomastics, place-names, Palaeohispanic languages, epigraphy, historical linguistics 1. Introduction1 In this paper I will try to provide a general overview of the linguistic situation in ancient Callaecia by analyzing the linguistic evidence provided both by the literary and the epigraphic sources available in this westernmost area of continental Europe. -
Tomo I:Prehistoria, Romanización Y Germanización José Ramón Menéndez De Luarca Navia Osorio
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL TERRITORIO, MAPA HISTÓRICO DEL NOROESTE TOMO I:PREHISTORIA, ROMANIZACIÓN Y GERMANIZACIÓN JOSÉ RAMÓN MENÉNDEZ DE LUARCA NAVIA OSORIO LAS PRINCIPALES ETAPAS HISTÓRICAS EN LA TOPONIMIA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL NOROESTE 1. PREHISTORIA .......................................................... 1 1. MEGALITISMO Y BRONCE LA ÉPOCA MEGALÍTICA ............................................. 1 TOPONIMIA MEGALÍTICA ......................................... 1 Los monumentos megalíticos ......................................... 1 Túmulos ........................................................................... 2 El dolmen como construcción ......................................... 3 Las bases agropecuarias de la cultura Los componentes pétreos ................................................ 4 megalítica ........................................................................ 6 Oquedades ....................................................................... 5 Oro y tesoros .................................................................... 7 ÉPOCA DE LOS METALES ........................................... 8 El cobre ............................................................................ 8 El bronce ......................................................................... 8 TOPONIMIA DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS 2. ÉPOCA CASTREÑA ................................................. 10 CASTREÑOS .................................................................10 Génesis temporal de la cultura castreña ..................... 10 Toponimia indoeuropea -
De Episcopis Hispaniarum: Agents of Continuity in the Long Fifth Century
Université de Montréal De episcopis Hispaniarum: agents of continuity in the long fifth century accompagné de la prosopogaphie des évêques ibériques de 400–500 apr. J.-C., tirée de Purificación Ubric Rabaneda, “La Iglesia y los estados barbaros en la Hispania del siglo V (409–507), traduite par Fabian D. Zuk Département d’Histoire Faculté des Arts et Sciences Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade Maître ès Arts (M.A.) en histoire août 2015 © Fabian D. Zuk, 2015. ii Université de Montréal Faculté des etudes supérieures Ce mémoire intitule: De episcopis Hispaniarum: agents of continuity in the long fifth century présenté par Fabian D. Zuk A été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Philippe Genequand, president–rapporteur Christian R. Raschle, directeur de recherche Gordon Blennemann, membre du jury iii In loving memory в пам'ять про бабусю of Ruby Zuk iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Résumé / Summary p. v A Note on Terminology p. vi Acknowledgements p. vii List of Figures p. ix Frequent ABBreviations p. x CHAPTER I : Introduction p. 1 CHAPTER II : Historical Context p. 23 CHAPTER III : The Origins of the Bishops p. 36 CHAPTER IV : Bishops as Spiritual Leaders p. 51 CHAPTER V : Bishops in the Secular Realm p. 64 CHAPTER VI : Regional Variation p. 89 CHAPTER VII : Bishops in the Face of Invasion : Conflict and Contenders p. 119 CHAPTER VIII : Retention of Romanitas p. 147 Annexe I: Prosopography of the IBerian Bishops 400–500 A.D. p. 161 Annexe II: Hydatius : An Exceptional Bishop at the End of the Earth p. -
Where New Energies Were Unleashed. Graeco-Scythian Metalwork Draws from Both Traditions, Creating a Truly Original Art with the Power to Startle
EUROPE BETWEEN THE OCEANS where new energies were unleashed. Graeco-Scythian metalwork draws from both traditions, creating a truly original art with the power to startle. Yet little if any of it would have been seen in the Aegean homeland. Once in the hands of the indigenous elites, it disappeared with them into their graves. It was not until the nineteenth century AD that the reappearance of these exquisite items, dug out of the kurgans by an entrepreneurial peasantry and acquired by the Russian aristocracy, brought the wonders of Graeco-Scythian art to an astonished and appreciative western audience. The Rise of the Celts There has been much confusion about the use of the word 'Celt'. To early Greek writers like Hecataeus and Herodotus it meant peoples living in the west of Europe over against the Atlantic Oceano But as time went on, the words 'Celt' and 'Gaul', which were often used synonymously, tended to be applied more generally to the barbarians of western Europe to distinguish them from the inhabitants of eastern Europe, who were banded together under the general name of 'Scythians'. When, therefore, the Roman and Greek worlds began to come into direct contact with migrants from west central Europe they classed them ali as Celts or Gauls, though whether the migrants considered themselves to be ethnically one people is unknown. According to julius Caesar, however, writing in the mid-first century BC, the tribes then occupying the part ofFrance between the rivers Seine and Garonne did specifically call themselves Celts. Clearly the concept of the Celts was variously interpreted by ancient writers. -
PANNEAU 1 | IDENTITÉ(S): L´Homme Et Le Territoire – Esposende Aux Origines De La Culture Des Castros La Localisation De
PANNEAU 1 | IDENTITÉ(S): L´Homme et le Territoire – Esposende aux origines de la Culture des Castros La localisation de nos ancêtres en agglomération située sur les hauteurs d'un vaste territoire du nord-ouest de la péninsule ibérique et d'un accès difficile, remonte à la période allant de la fin du IIIe millénaire jusqu’à la fin du Ier millénaire av. J.-C. Avec des chronologies et des spécificités géographiques distinctes, les maisons présentent des caractéristiques particulières et leur propre histoire. Au nord du Portugal, de la fin de l´Âge du bronze jusqu’à la conquête de Rome, s'est forgé une réalité culturelle, désignée communément de “culture des castros”, par un de ses traits les plus emblématiques : être un peuple organisé dans des agglomérations fortifiés: les “Castros” et les “Citânias” ou “Cividades” (du latin civitas : “cité”). Basé sur cette réalité, l´exposition “IDENTITÉ(S): L´Homme et le Territoire – Esposende aux origines de la Culture des Castros” abordera des questions de gestion et d´occupation du territoire, sans oublier le potentiel de son entourage pour l'acquisition et la production des moyens de subsistance ; l'existence d'espaces dotés de ressources naturelles, le contrôle et la défense de leur territoire, de passages terrestres et fluviaux ainsi que de la navigation fluvial et maritime. LEGENDES: Guerreiro galaico-lusitano (Reconstitution) Provenance: Statue Castro do Outeiro do Lesenho, Boticas (partie supérieure) Statue Castro do Monte Mozinho, Penafiel (partie inferieure) Source: “A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal” de Armando Coelho F. da Silva (2007), p. 683 PANNEAU 2 | Les peuples pré-romains dans la Péninsule Ibérique Les “populi ”pré-romains dans l´actuel territoire du Portugal Durant le Ier millénaire av. -
Jorge DE ALARCAO
Grupo de Investigación HUM-236 http://www.arqueocordoba.com ACC 9 - 1998 - pp. 51 a 57 AINDA SOBRE A LOCALIZACÁO DOS POPULZ DO CONVENTUS BRACARA UGUSTANUS Jorge DE ALARCAO Apresentámos, há alguns anos (ALARCAO, 1988: 30-3 1; ALARCAO, 1990: 37 1- -372), a hipótese de a cidade de Bracara Augusta ter sido, na época de Augusto (e talvez até aos Flávios), náo propriamente uma capital de civitas, mas um centro ad- ministrativo que controlaria os diversos populi da regia0 que mais tarde (ou já desde a época de Augusto?) constituiria o conventus Bracaraugustanus. Augusto, que dividiu em civitates a zona a su1 do Douro, terá julgado ospopuli do Noroeste demasiadamente atrasados para lhes adaptar o mesmo tipo de organizaqáo político-administrativa. Assim, terá instalado, em cada populus, um princeps. Os diversos populi, Bracari, Coelerni, Limici, Seurbi, etc., teriam, cada um, seu príncipe. Todos eles estariam sujeitos 2 administraqao romana instalada em Bracara Augusto, chefiada por alguém cujo título ignoramos, pois nao há fonte literaria ou epigráfica que no-lo revele. A mesma organizaqáo terá sido adoptada nas áreas de Lugo e Astorga. A existencia destes príncipes náo está atestada epigraficamente em Portugal. Mas, do conventus Lucensis, temos Nicer, filho de Clutosius, princeps Albionum e Vecco, filho de Vecius, princeps Copororum (ALBERTOS FIRMAS, 1975: 32; cfr. ARIAS VILAS et alii, 1979: 60). Na época dos Flávios, os populi teriam sido convertidos em civitates (24 no conventus Bracaraugustanus, segundo Plínio, 3, 28). Isto nao significa necessariamente que os populi/civitates tivessem sido todos providos de aglomera- dos urbanos aos quais se possa aplicar com justeza o nome de cidades. -
Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman Times," E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 6 The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula Article 10 8-10-2005 Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre- Roman times Marco V. Garcia Quintela Laboratorio de Patrimonio, Paleoambiente y Paisaje, Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, associated unit of the Instituto de Estudios Gallegos Padre Sarmiento, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Xunta de Galicia Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation Quintela, Marco V. Garcia (2005) "Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman times," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 6 , Article 10. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman times Marco V. García Quintela Laboratorio de Patrimonio, Paleoambiente y Paisaje, Instituto de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, associated unit of the Instituto de Estudios Gallegos Padre Sarmiento, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Xunta de Galicia Abstract The aim of this article is to present a synthetic overview of the state of knowledge regarding the Celtic cultures in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. It reviews the difficulties linked to the fact that linguists and archaeologists do not agree on this subject, and that the hegemonic view rejects the possibility that these populations can be considered Celtic. -
Nouvelles Données Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Luis Valdés García
Les sanctuaires de l’Hispania Celtica : nouvelles données Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Luis Valdés García To cite this version: Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Luis Valdés García. Les sanctuaires de l’Hispania Celtica : nouvelles données. Philippe Barral; Matthieu Thivet. Sanctuaires de l’âge du Fer. Actes du 41e colloque international de l’Association française pour l’étude de l’âge du Fer (Dole, 25-28 mai 2017), Collection AFEAF (1), AFEAF, pp.15-30, 2019, 978-2-9567407-0-4. hal-02891574 HAL Id: hal-02891574 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02891574 Submitted on 7 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Les sanctuaires de l’Hispania Celtica : nouvelles données Martín Almagro-Gorbea, Luis Valdés L’Hispania Celtica : caractéristiques relation entre des humains et des dieux, numina et avec des êtres surnaturels, où leur offrir des sacrifices et des prières dans le but La péninsule Ibérique, l’ancienne Hispania des Phéniciens, des d’obtenir, en retour, des avantages et leur protection. Puniques et des Romains, Iberia pour les Grecs, est située entre la Ces lieux naturels sont choisis parce que les populations Méditerranée et l’Atlantique, au sud-ouest de la Keltiké. -
In Open Areas Rabbits Power When in Flight
Milafre Azor negro Fauna Serra do Larouco The fauna of the Serra do Larouco is linked, fundamentally, to the Bubela Bufo real Verderolo scrubland and to the existing pastures. Secondarily we find some species of forest areas that are also linked to aquatic habitats such as streams. Throughout the year the wildlife community is changing Picanzo vermello in such a way that in spring and summer we find more bird species for Birds Papuxa example. There are three main habitats for birds in the Serra do Larouco común mountain range: small forest areas, lowland and rocky areas. In the lowland areas and pastures we find a well-known species, the Red legged partridge (Alectoris rufa); its Sudanese relative Mammals is the quail (Coturnix coturnix). More frequently found are several species of small birds such as goldfinches (Carduelis Estreliña riscada carduelis), common linnets (Carduelis cannabina), the green finch (Chloris chloris) and the European serin (Serinus serinus). We can also find other small common species such as the European stonechat (Saxicola rubicola), the common dunnock Ferreiriño (Prunella modularis) and the rock bunting (Emberiza cia). The azul Dartford warbler (Sylvia undata) and the common warbler (Sylvia communis) are also typical in the best preserved lowland areas. Corzo In these environments it is possible to find two species of shrike, the Iberian grey shrike (Lanius meridionalis) and the red-backed Aguia cobreira shrike (Lanius collurio). The first species is a resident bird and the second migrates to Africa for winter. Two species of pipit Pedreiro cincento arrive from this continent, the tawny pipit (Anthus campestris) and the tree pipit (Anthus trivialis). -
Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (And a Few Things You Did) John Phillips Wacker University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected]
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Senior Theses Honors College Spring 2019 Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (and a Few Things You Did) John Phillips Wacker University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses Part of the Basque Studies Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Food and Beverage Management Commons, and the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Wacker, John Phillips, "Everything You Never Wanted to Know About Spanish Wines (and a Few Things You Did)" (2019). Senior Theses. 277. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses/277 This Thesis is brought to you by the Honors College at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Thesis Summary The Spanish wine scene is incredibly diverse, and an immense number of different wines are made in the country. Likewise, Spain is incredibly rich in culture, with a wide array of languages, histories, cultures, and cuisines found throughout the nation. The sheer number and variety of Spanish wines and the incredible variety of cultures found in Spain may be daunting to the uninitiated. Thus, a guide to Spanish wine and culture, which not only details the two but links them, as well, may prove very helpful to the Spanish wine newcomer or perhaps even a sommelier. This thesis-guide was compiled through the research of the various Denominaciones de Origen of Spain, the history of Spain, the regions of Spain and their individual histories and cultures, and, of course, the many, many wines of Spain. -
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY
ATLAS of CLASSICAL HISTORY EDITED BY RICHARD J.A.TALBERT London and New York First published 1985 by Croom Helm Ltd Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1985 Richard J.A.Talbert and contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Atlas of classical history. 1. History, Ancient—Maps I. Talbert, Richard J.A. 911.3 G3201.S2 ISBN 0-203-40535-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-71359-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-03463-9 (pbk) Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Also available CONTENTS Preface v Northern Greece, Macedonia and Thrace 32 Contributors vi The Eastern Aegean and the Asia Minor Equivalent Measurements vi Hinterland 33 Attica 34–5, 181 Maps: map and text page reference placed first, Classical Athens 35–6, 181 further reading reference second Roman Athens 35–6, 181 Halicarnassus 36, 181 The Mediterranean World: Physical 1 Miletus 37, 181 The Aegean in the Bronze Age 2–5, 179 Priene 37, 181 Troy 3, 179 Greek Sicily 38–9, 181 Knossos 3, 179 Syracuse 39, 181 Minoan Crete 4–5, 179 Akragas 40, 181 Mycenae 5, 179 Cyrene 40, 182 Mycenaean Greece 4–6, 179 Olympia 41, 182 Mainland Greece in the Homeric Poems 7–8, Greek Dialects c.