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Code Amendments for Sustainability Modifications to the International Building Code, 2012 Edition

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Code Amendments for Sustainability Modifications to the International Building Code, 2012 Edition Code Amendments for Sustainability Modifications to the International Building Code, 2012 edition CAS-B12 May 2015 These amendments to the International Building Code are intended to provide high perfor- mance building requirements for use by state and local governments and Federal Agencies to implement sustainable or green building initiatives. The requirements are formatted to facili- tate adoption as amendments to the 2012 International Building Code. In addition to energy efficiency and typical sustainability criteria, enhanced sustainability is accomplished with requirements for increased disaster resistance and improved durability. These High Performance Building Requirement amendments to the 2012 International Building Code use sec- tions of the IBC which are copyright protected by the International Code Council, Inc. The amendments are shown using a strikethrough and underlining format to reflect the intent of the changes to be made to the IBC. Persons desiring to reproduce in greater detail the language or table values from the International Building Code can contact the Publisher at International Code Council, Inc. This document is based in part on the requirements for the Fortified....for safer living guide. Its use does not constitute compliance with the Fortified … for safer living® program. For specific requirements and procedures for compliance refer to the Institute for Business and Home Safety website which can be found at www.disaster- safety.org. AUTHORS Stephen S. Szoke, P.E., Senior Director, Codes and Standards Portland Cement Association 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, IL 60077 [email protected] Stephen V. Skalko, P.E. Stephen V. Skalko, Principal, P.E. & Associates, LLC P.O. Box 7821 Macon, GA 31209 [email protected] General Overview of Code Amendments for Sustainability The Code Amendments for Sustainability, referred to throughout this commentary as “this document” provides recommended minimum building code requirements modifying the International Building Code (IBC)1. These amendments are based on the philosophy that truly sustainable buildings must be durable and disaster resistant in addition to being designed with appropriate consideration for energy conservation, indoor environmental quality, material resources, site development, and water efficiency. Excessive amounts of maintenance and repair due to normal operations and the need to repair, replace, or demolish and reconstruct all or part of buildings when disasters occur is simply not sustainable. Thus, this document includes provisions that require the building to be designed and constructed to more stringent criteria than many traditional building codes. Typical building code provisions are the absolute minimum for life safety and may not adequately address a level of property pro- tection consistent with the premise of sustainability to help sustain communities when disasters occur. Many of the requirements improving property protection also inherently provide an enhanced level of life safety. The con- cepts in this document address aspects of building design and construction identified by the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Whole Building Design Guidelines: accessible, aesthetics, cost-effective, functional/ operational, historic preservation, productive, secure/safe, and sustainable.2 The key concepts in this document include the generally accepted sustainability features like energy conserva- tion, indoor environmental quality, material resources, site development and water efficiency codified or stan- dardized in other documents. This document however, only includes those green or sustainable features that are within the purview of most building code departments. Requirements for these features are combined with criteria for enhanced building performance and durability. The use of this document is especially applicable in disaster prone areas. Without first assuring that there is a durable, disaster-resistant building core and shell, when disasters occur, it is just as likely that the more expensive green or sustainable building components that are damaged and/or contaminated will be disposed of in landfills or by incineration as other components of the building. The excessive property losses associated with most disasters is not consistent with the basic premise of sustainability. The approach used for this document is three-fold. First this document is aligned with the recommendations in the Fortified for Safer Business3 of the Institute for Business and Home Safety which address natural disaster resistance excluding flood. The flood damage resistance captures the concepts of many of the recommendations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.4 The third aspect addresses the lack of water supply and limitations and reduced accessibility by emergency responders that are com- monly experienced when disasters occur and after disasters. To avoid excess property losses due to individual fires and to reduce the possibility of individual structure fires igniting major conflagrations, sprinkler trade-offs allowed by most building codes are not permitted. In addition to the criteria satisfying the primary intended function, most criteria for enhanced resiliency simply result in more robust building construction that provides additional indirect benefits such as lower operating and maintenance costs, improved security, improved occupant comfort and im- proved productivity. Following these criteria will not assure that damage to buildings in a disaster will be eliminated but will reduce the amount of damage as well as the number of buildings damaged. This increases the ability for a community to recover after a disaster, help maintain consistent revenue to continue municipal services following a disaster and save on disaster response, relief and recovery costs. 1 International Code Council, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795, www.iccsafe.org, 2012 2 National Institute of Building Sciences, 1090 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005, www.wbdg.org/wbdg_ap- proach.php, last visited August 2014 3 Institute for Business and Home Safety, 4775 East Fowler Ave Tampa, FL 33617, www.disastersafety.org/fortified-main/fortified-safer- business/, last visited August 2014. 4 Federal Emergency Management Agency, www.ready.gov/floods, last visited August 2014 2 Several of the requirements in this document may not be adequately addressed or are neglected in efforts by oth- ers to develop codes and standards for sustainable buildings. These include: Design service life plans Enhanced fire resistance and protection Acoustical requirements to improve occupant comfort and productivity Increased wind damage resistance Increased flood damage resistance Increased hail damage resistance Increased seismic damage resistance Increased radon penetration resistance Resource minimization though both manufacturing and design Pollution prevention related to clean air, clean water, conservation and noise control The packaging of this document is unique. For ease of adoption and enforcement it is written in mandatory language that amends and appends the International Building Code (IBC). The amendments and appendices are provided with commentary describing the benefits and rationale. Expectations are that these building requirements will be immediately adopted as requirements for all new gov- ernment owned and funded buildings at the Federal, state, and local levels. In addition, jurisdictions may also adopt the requirements for all new buildings intended to receive a sustainability (S) designation which will be useful to incentivize exemplary building practices and identity projects that achieve a specific level of construc- tion practice above minimum building code requirements. Identifying such buildings may facilitate and reduce costs for emergency operations and may assist communities to utilize such structures in their disaster planning. In some jurisdictions, especially those in areas prone to disasters, requiring all new buildings to be more durable and disaster resistant, benefits the entire community. While the requirements in this document can be applied to all buildings the intent is to only have them as mandatory requirements for new buildings. This approach improves the sustainability and continuity of the community one building at a time. The community’s vitality is gradually strengthened over the long term. This phased in strategy is consistent with the routine process of altering building requirements through the adoption of newer building code editions. Studies show that major improvement to community sustainability and continuity can be achieved in as little as several decades. The National Trust for Historic Preservation reports that nearly a third of all buildings in the United States are demolished and replaced every 25 years5. There is a clear need to steer away from the path of disposable buildings if the intent is to have significant long term improvements to the environment and commu- nities as a result of the way buildings are designed and constructed. Opposition to the adoption of these requirements can be expected. Material interest that cannot or will not pro- vide durable and more disaster resistant construction may argue against these criteria. Those interested in keep- ing the scope of building codes limited to the absolute minimums for life safety will also be expected to argue against adoption. A third group that can be expected to argue against adoption are those whose interest is fo-
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