DOCSLIB.ORG

Pest Management Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Public Disclosure Authorized For Project Proposal by Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province as part of the World Bank Loan Project of The Integrated Economic Development of Small Towns Pest Management Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Entrusted by: South Green Exhibition Park Company Limited Prepared by: Zhongshan City Forest Pest Control Quarantine Station October 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. ...... 1 1.1P ROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................. 1 1.2 N ATURAL CONDITIONS OF THE PROJECT AREA .......................................... 2 1.3 S OCIAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ..................................................... 3 1.4 C URRENT STATUS OF THE SUB -PROJECT AREA RELATING TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ....... 4 1.5 IPM C ONCEPT ................................................................... 4 1.6 O BJECTIVES OF IPM I MPLEMENTATION UNDER THE PROJECT ............................... 5 2 CURRENT PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN THE PROJECT AREA .................. 6 2.1 M AIN PESTS FOUND IN THE PROJECT AREA ............................................. 6 2.2 P EST AND DISEASE CONTROL METHODS CURRENTLY USED IN THE PROJECT AREA .............. 9 2.3 OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF DISEASE AND PEST MANAGMENT ........ 12 3 POLICY AND SUPERVISION FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ... 14 3.1 P OLICIES OF THE NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS ON PLANT PROTECTION AND IPM .. 14 3.2 SUPERVISION FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES .......................... 15 3.3 OVERALL EVALUATION OF PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT CAPACITY ..................... 16 3.4 P ESTICIDE MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND USAGE OF PESTICIDES ............ 17 4 OVERALL OBJECTIVES OF THIS PMP .......................................................................................... 20 4.1 O VERALL OBJECTIVES ............................................................ 20 4.2 B ASIC PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL UNDER THE PROJECT ...... 20 5 RECOMMENDED MEASURES FOR PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL ................... 22 5.1 P URPOSES OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 22 5.2M AIN MEASURES RECOMMENDED IN THIS PMP ........................................ 22 6 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT UNDER THE PROJECT .................................................................... 27 6.1P ESTICIDES RECOMMENDED FOR USE UNDER THE PROJECT ................................ 27 6.2 P ESTICIDE APPLICATION DEVICES FOR USE IN THE PROJECT AREA .......................... 29 6.3 M ANAGEMENT ON USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER THE PROJECT .............................. 29 6.4C APACITY OF PESTICIDE USERS TO HANDLE PESTICIDE WITHIN THE ACCEPTABLE RISK LIMIT .... 30 6.5 E NVIRONMENTAL , P ROFESSIONAL AND HEALTH RISKS ................................... 30 6.6 M ANAGERIAL MEASURES TO REDUCE RISKS CAUSED BY PESTICIDE USE IN THE PROJECT ....... 31 7 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT UNDER THE PROJECT 33 7.1 P OLICIES TO BE IMPLEMENTED ..................................................... 33 7.2 O BJECTIVES OF CAPACITY BUILDING ................................................. 33 7.3 I NFRASTRUCTURE , M ANAGERIAL CAPACITY , I NSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND COOPERATION . 34 7.4 O VERALL DESCRIPTION OF TRAINING AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ............... 35 7.5 T RAINING TO FOREST FARMERS ..................................................... 35 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION UNDER THE PROJECT ........................... 37 8.1. C ONTENTS OF THE PROJECT MONITORING ............................................ 37 8.2. C ONTENTS OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................ 37 8.3. P LAN OF MONITORING AND SUPERVISION ............................................ 38 9 COST ESTIMATE ................................................................................................................................ 44 ANNEXES: ANNEX 1. MAIN SPECIES OF PLANTS IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................ 49 i ANNEX 2 MAIN SPECIES OF PLANTS AND PESTS/DISEASES IN THE PROJECT AREA ............ 53 ANNEX 3 MAIN PESTS/DISEASES IN THE PROJECT AREA AND THE CONTROL MEASURES ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................. 56 ANNEX 4 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN TO ADDRESS MAJOR DISEASE/PEST DISASTERSIN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................. 66 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS FAO—United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization GB—abbreviation of Guo Biao, refers to National Standards IPM—Integrated Pest Management PMO—Project Management Office PMP—Pest Management Plan ii 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Description The project proposed by Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province includes two sub-projects, namely green exhibition parkdevelopment sub-project and decorative lighting industry development service platform and project management sub-project. The first sub- project, consisting of construction of the green exhibition park and development of biological breeding platform, will be located in the South Green Exhibition Park in Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. The second sub-project will be located in east of Zhongxin Road, to the north of Town government building compound. Implementation of the project will take 3 years. Activities to be accomplished include: construction of the green exhibition park, development of the biological breeding platform, civil work for construction of the project management office, procurement and installation of equipment and facilities, institutional strengthening and capacity building, project management and monitoring and etc. Implementation of the first sub-project will start with construction of public infrastructure and public service facilities to build a foundation for development of the green exhibition park. Construction of green houses, bridges, roads, water engineering facilities, buildings, ancillary structures and etc. for the green exhibition parkwill provide it withnecessary basic infrastructure for itsdevelopment, provision of modernized mechanical equipment and devicesof a certain amount will strengthen its advancement in equipment and devices and establish its high standards of mechanization, intelligentization and standardization, so that the green exhibition park can be in a leading position in China in terms ofmanagement, production, trading and security. Further development of the green exhibition park can be realized through its holding China (Zhongshan) SouthVirescence Plantlet Expo at regular intervals and use of all possible public relation channels to increase its influences. Development of the biological breeding platform will support development of ornamental flora and fauna germplasm resources nursery and database, development of innovation and research center for nursery stock germplasm of flowers and plants,research and development center for breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, establishment of demonstration base for large-scale breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, and control and technical extension center for nutrition, diseases and pests of ornamental animals and plants, etc. Technical advantage of Zhongshan University, the town’s partner, will be utilized to develop breeding and reproduction systems of orchids, Cuora trifasciata (a small water turtle for ornamental purpose) and ornamental fish and other products, so as to establish the highest standards for the industry and provide scientific and technical support and talents for back-end industrialized production and thus drive and facilitate development of rare and precious ornamental animals and plants in Southern China and even in the whole China. Development of Guzhen Town decorative lighting development service platform will start with a high standard and cover services for all activities ofthe decorative lighting industry, including design, trading, training and testing. Implementation of the sub-project will favor safe, efficient and stable development of decorative lighting industry in Guzhen Town, and will also facilitate combined development of the advantageous industries of decorative lighting and virescence plantlets and ornamental animals and plants in Guzhen Town, so as to achieve integrated economic, social and ecological benefits. The project involves construction of the green exhibition park, which relates to agricultural production and consists of activities such as production and trading of virescence plantlets, development of biological breeding platform, ornamental animal and plant germplasm resources nursery and database, development of innovation and research center for nursery stock germplasm of flowers and plants, research and development center for breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, establishment of demonstration base for large- scale breeding and processing techniques of ornamental animals, and institutional capacity building and etc. Since all these activities relate to pest control and management during project implementation, this PMP is preparedfor the purpose of ensuring smooth
Recommended publications
  • Taxonomic Ecology of Geometric Morphometry on Classification And

    Taxonomic Ecology of Geometric Morphometry on Classification And

    Ekoloji 27(106): 827-835 (2018) Taxonomic Ecology of Geometric Morphometry on Classification and Identification of Sphingid Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Xiaoyu Su 1, Xiaona Cai 2, Dazhuang Huang 1* 1 Agricultural University of Hebei, 2596 Lekai South Street, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. CHINA 2 Hebei Finance University, 3188 Hengxiang North Street, 071051, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. CHINA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of a geometric morphometric method for the ecological classification and identification of moths according to taxonomic ecology. Ten species of Sphingidae were used as examples in this paper. The right forewings from the ten species were used as the research object, and seventeen landmarks in environment were selected for analysis. Two related steps including geometric morphometric analysis and multivariate statistical analysis were carried out. In the first step, Procrustes superimposition was applied to the data of the seventeen environmental landmarks by removing nonshape variation from the landmark coordinates. Using relative warp analysis, relative warp figures and a matrix of relative warp scores were obtained. In the second step, ecological component analysis of the Procrustes- transformed data set was implemented, and three dimensional distribution figures for the ten species of Sphingidae were described on the basis of the first three components. Discriminant analysis was carried out on the relative warp scores matrix, and accuracy of original and cross-validation tests achieved 100% and 99.7%, respectively. The results indicate that geometric morphometric analysis may be used to accurately identify the ten species of Sphingidae, and their taxonomy can be achieved using relative warp figures.
  • How to Control Soil Insects with Beneficial Nematodes

    How to Control Soil Insects with Beneficial Nematodes

    How to Control Soil Insects with Beneficial Nematodes Ed Lewis Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California, Davis Using Microbials in IPM • Do not have to change everything about crop management • Many microbial insecticides fit into current production plans with minimal effort and change • They require specialized information about their use Insect pathogens can be effective • Naturally occur – Even in intensively managed systems • Have an impact on insect populations at natural levels Necessary information: Products • Shelf life • Storage conditions • Resting stage? • Viability in field • Host range • Time to kill • What does an infected insect look like? Recognized Species of Entomopathogenic Nematodes H. bacteriophora H. marelatus H. brevicaudis H. megidis H. hawaiiensis H. zealandica H. indica H. argentinensis S. kraussei S. karii S. arenarium S. kushidai S. bicornutum S. longicaudum S. carpocapsae S. monticolum S. caudatum S. neocurtillae S. ceratophorum S. oregonense S. cubanum S. puertoricense S. feltiae S. rarum S. glaseri S. riobrave S. intermedium S. ritteri S. affine S. scapterisci Infective Juveniles • Resistant to Environmental Extremes • Only Function is to Find A New Host • No Feeding • No Development • No Reproduction • Only Life Stage Outside the Host Infective Stage Juvenile Steinernema carpocapsae Symbiotic Bacteria Released Bacterial Chamber Mating for Steinernema spp. Two to three generations occur in a single host. About 6 days after the original infection, this is the appearance New Infective Juveniles in 10 Days Entomopathogenic Nematodes Can Control: • Weevils: Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus Blue green weevils, Pachnaeus spp. Otiorhynchus spp. Bill bugs • Fungus gnats: e.g., Sciaridae Entomopathogenic Nematodes Can Control: • Scarab larvae: e.g., Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, Chafers, etc.
  • Nota Lepidopterologica

    Nota Lepidopterologica

    ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at 178 Book review James P. Tuttle 2007: The Hawk Moths of North America. A Natural History Study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. - The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC. - ISBN 978-0-9796633-0-7. xviii + 253 pp., 23 pis. US$ 90.00. Sphingids are among the most easily recognized moths. The adults are among the largest and fastest flying lepidopterans and they are well known for hovering at flowers. Sphingids received considerable attention in pre-Linnean times already by Maria Sibylla Merian (1705) as well as 150 years later by the founders of evolutionary theory, Charles Darwin (1862) and Alfred Russel Wallace (1867), which undoubtedly stimulated subsequent research on the group. Today, sphingids belong to the best studied groups of Lepidoptera. Much anatomical and physiological knowledge on the order has been made available by studies on one of the most famous laboratory animals, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus, 1763). Also, a recent revisionary checklist of the 1,272 world species (Kitching & Cadiou 2000) and detailed identification books for all continents are available, including for North America (Hodges 1971). The book published by James R Tuttle focuses on the natural history of North American sphingids. It starts with an introductory chapter on historical literature, taxonomy, and structure of the book. Part one focuses on general biogeography, morphology, life history and ecology, natural enemies, collecting and rearing, and is illustrated with line drawings and black and white photographs. Part two, the main chapter of the book, contains the species accounts, which start with an introduction for each genus.
  • 210 Part 319—Foreign Quarantine Notices

    210 Part 319—Foreign Quarantine Notices

    § 318.82–3 7 CFR Ch. III (1–1–03 Edition) The movement of plant pests, means of 319.8–20 Importations by the Department of conveyance, plants, plant products, and Agriculture. other products and articles from Guam 319.8–21 Release of cotton and covers after into or through any other State, Terri- 18 months’ storage. 319.8–22 Ports of entry or export. tory, or District is also regulated by 319.8–23 Treatment. part 330 of this chapter. 319.8–24 Collection and disposal of waste. 319.8–25 Costs and charges. § 318.82–3 Costs. 319.8–26 Material refused entry. All costs incident to the inspection, handling, cleaning, safeguarding, treat- Subpart—Sugarcane ing, or other disposal of products or ar- 319.15 Notice of quarantine. ticles under this subpart, except for the 319.15a Administrative instructions and in- services of an inspector during regu- terpretation relating to entry into Guam larly assigned hours of duty and at the of bagasse and related sugarcane prod- usual places of duty, shall be borne by ucts. the owner. Subpart—Citrus Canker and Other Citrus PART 319—FOREIGN QUARANTINE Diseases NOTICES 319.19 Notice of quarantine. Subpart—Foreign Cotton and Covers Subpart—Corn Diseases QUARANTINE QUARANTINE Sec. 319.24 Notice of quarantine. 319.8 Notice of quarantine. 319.24a Administrative instructions relating 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to entry of corn into Guam. to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. REGULATIONS GOVERNING ENTRY OF INDIAN CORN OR MAIZE REGULATIONS; GENERAL 319.24–1 Applications for permits for impor- 319.8–1 Definitions.
  • Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review

    Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review

    diversity Review Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review Stela Lazarova 1,* , Danny Coyne 2 , Mayra G. Rodríguez 3 , Belkis Peteira 3 and Aurelio Ciancio 4,* 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kasarani, Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya; [email protected] 3 National Center for Plant and Animal Health (CENSA), P.O. Box 10, Mayabeque Province, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; [email protected] (M.G.R.); [email protected] (B.P.) 4 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.C.); Tel.: +359-8865-32-609 (S.L.); +39-080-5929-221 (A.C.) Abstract: The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field Citation: Lazarova, S.; Coyne, D.; level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts.
  • Opogona Sacchari

    Opogona Sacchari

    EuropeanBlackwell Publishing Ltd and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization PM 7/71 (1) Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Diagnostics1 Diagnostic Opogona sacchari Specific scope Specific approval and amendment This standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Opogona Approved in 2005-09. sacchari. Introduction Detection Opogona sacchari originates in the humid tropical and O. sacchari larvae are highly versatile pests, exploiting a wide subtropical regions of Africa, where it is not a significant pest. range of live and dead plant material. The symptoms displayed It first attracted attention as a serious pest on bananas in Spain largely depend on the type of host the larvae are infesting. In (Islas Canarias) in the 1920s. In the 1970s, it was introduced European glasshouses, they can infest various tropical or into Brazil and Central America, and also started to appear in subtropical ornamentals, including mainly Cactaceae, Dracaena, the EPPO region. O. sacchari has a wide host range, and is Strelizia and Yucca (Billen, 1987), but also occasionally Alpinia, found mainly in the tropics on banana, pineapple, bamboos, Begonia, Bougainvillea, Bromeliaceae, Chamaedorea and other maize and sugarcane in the field, and on various stored Arecaceae, Cordyline, Dieffenbachia, Euphorbia pulcherrima, tubers. More recently, O. sacchari has been introduced into the Ficus, Heliconia, Hippeastrum, Maranta, Philodendron, USA (Florida) (Heppner et al., 1987) and China (Kun & Fang, Saintpaulia, Sansevieria and Sinningia speciosa. Vegetable 1997). crops are also attacked: capsicum and aubergine (Billen, 1987). In import inspections, it is mainly Dracaena and Yucca which have been found to be infested (EPPO, 1997). In banana, Identity normally the fruiting head is infested, but in ornamental plants Name: Opogona sacchari (Bojer).
  • REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List

    REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List

    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ .....................................................................................................................................
  • Faunal Characteristics of Macrolepidopterous Moths in Various Habitats in Tomakomai：Forest Dwellers and Title Openland Dwellers

    Faunal Characteristics of Macrolepidopterous Moths in Various Habitats in Tomakomai：Forest Dwellers and Title Openland Dwellers

    Faunal Characteristics of Macrolepidopterous Moths in Various Habitats in Tomakomai：Forest Dwellers and Title Openland Dwellers Author(s) YOSHIDA, Kunikichi Citation 北海道大學農學部 演習林研究報告, 44(2), 633-641 Issue Date 1987-07 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/21222 Type bulletin (article) File Information 44(2)_P633-641.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Research Bulletins of the College Experiment Forests Vol. 44, No.2, 633-641 (1987) 633 Faunal Characteristics of Macrolepidopterous Moths in Various Habitats in Tomakomai: Forest Dwellers and Openland Dwellers By Kunikichi YOSHIDA* -;g I N3c (1) \, \ 6 \, \ 6 ts:. 4:. }~tL'fQ v::. :to vt G tJ Mffi ~*H1:fi c ;:t - 7' ~ ;; ~ F '~fivc '0 \, \-C Abstract Faunal characteristics of macrolepidopterous moths were investigated in various habitats ranging from forest to urban areas in Tomakomai. The faunal make-up in the forest was characterized by the predominance of Geometridae, whereas that in openland and urban areas was predominated by Noctuidae, especially subfamily Noctuinae. Twenty-eight predominant species were classified into three groups, forest, eurytopic and open land species. Adaptive significance of some life history characters in the openland species was discussed. Key words: Macrolepidopterous rrioths, Habitat preference, Openland species, Life history character. Introduction In a previous paper (YOSHIDA, 1983), faunal characteristics of macrolepidopter­ ous moths were compared among various types of forest in Tomakomai and dis­ cussed in relation to larval food habits. The present study extends this survey to openland moths. SOUTHWOOD (1962) distinguished temporary habitats such as wastelands, fields and arable lands, which are predominated by annual and perennial plants char­ acteristic of early stages of vegetational succession, from permanent habitats pre­ dominated by trees of climax forest vegetation.
  • Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny

    Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny Received: 20 February 2017 Zhao-Zhe Xin, Yu Liu, Xiao-Yu Zhu, Ying Wang, Hua-Bin Zhang, Dai-Zhen Zhang, Chun-Lin Accepted: 22 June 2017 Zhou, Bo-Ping Tang & Qiu-Ning Liu Published online: 26 July 2017 The mitochondrial genome (mt genome) provides important information for understanding molecular evolution and phylogenetics. As such, the two complete mt genomes of Ampelophaga rubiginosa and Rondotia menciana were sequenced and annotated. The two circular genomes of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana are 15,282 and 15,636 bp long, respectively, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of the A. rubiginosa mt genome is A + T rich (81.5%) but is lower than that of R. menciana (82.2%). The AT skew is slightly positive and the GC skew is negative in these two mt genomes. Except for cox1, which started with CGA, all other 12PCGs started with ATN codons. The A + T-rich regions of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana were 399 bp and 604 bp long and consist of several features common to Bombycoidea insects. The order and orientation of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana mitogenomes with the order trnM-trnI-trnQ-nad2 is diferent from the ancestral insects in which trnM is located between trnQ and nad2 (trnI-trnQ-trnM- nad2). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that A. rubiginosa belongs in the Sphingidae family, and R. menciana belongs in the Bombycidae family.
  • Banana Moth on Palms, Hodel and Santos, 2020-12

    Banana Moth on Palms, Hodel and Santos, 2020-12

    PALMARBOR Hodel and Santos: Banana Moth on Palms 2020-12: 1–20 Banana Moth A Resurgent and Serious Pest of Palms in Southern California DONALD R. HODEL AND PAUL SANTOS The banana moth (Opogona sacchari) is a primary pest of many agricultural and landscape plants, including palms (Howard et al. 2001). Although native to tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, it is now a widespread and rather common pest and occurs in California, Florida, Hawaii, South and Central America, Europe, Madagascar, and many Pacific Islands. In Hawaii it is a significant pest of sugarcane, banana, pineapple, and palms, especially the much beloved native Pritchardia spp. (loulu) (Hodel 2012c, Nelson and Wright 2005). In southern California, the banana moth has mostly been documented or observed on only a few species of palms, primarily Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm) (Fig. 1), Trachycarpus fortunei (windmill palm), and sometimes Syagrus romanzoffiana (queen palm), the latter typically as young, containerized nursery plants (Hodel 2012 a, b). However, in the last several years, two additional species have come under increasing attack, including Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (king palm) and Howea forsteriana (kentia palm), two of our more elegant, stately, and common landscape palms (Fig. 2). Or, perhaps these species were always under attack but the symptoms were attributed to other causes. While the banana moth attacks mostly stressed, weakened, and/ or wounded palms, in some instances it attacks seemingly healthy, unstressed palms although the underlying stress might not always be obvious or the attacked palm has yet to show stress symptoms. One of the subtle factors that could be stressing palms and leaving them susceptible to banana moth is climate change and its attendant ramifications, including temperature extremes, reduced rainfall, salt accumulation in the root zone, and excessively high soil pH, among others.
  • Sex Attractant for the Banana Moth, Opogona Sacchari Bojer

    Sex Attractant for the Banana Moth, Opogona Sacchari Bojer

    Research Article Received: 2 July 2009 Revised: 27 November 2009 Accepted: 21 December 2009 Published online in Wiley Interscience: 9 February 2010 (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/ps.1922 Sex attractant for the banana moth, Opogona sacchari Bojer (Lepidoptera: Tineidae): provisional identification and field evaluation Eric B Jang,a Matthew S Siderhurst,b∗ Robert G Hollingsworth,a David N Showalterb and Elisa J Troyerb Abstract BACKGROUND: The banana moth, Opogona sacchari Bojer, is a polyphagous agricultural pest in many tropical areas of the world. The identification of an attractant for male O. sacchari could offer new methods for detection, study and control. RESULTS: A compound extracted from female O. sacchari elicited responses from antennae of male moths. This compound was identified as a 2/3,(Z)13-octadecadienal by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An analog, 2/3,(Z)13-octadecadienol, was also detected in some extracts at roughly a 1 : 20 ratio (alcohol : aldehyde) but did not elicit responses from antennae of male moths. Electroantennograms of synthetic candidate dienals found the strongest responses from (Z, Z)-2,13-octadecadienal and (E, Z)-2,13-octadecadienal. In field trials, (E, Z)-2,13-octadecadienal attracted more male O. sacchari than (Z, Z)-2,13- octadecadienal. Attraction was not improved for either of these compounds when the corresponding stereoisomeric alcohol was added at ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 10 or 1 : 100 (alcohol : aldehyde). Jackson sticky traps containing 250 µgluresof(E, Z)-2,13- octadecadienal caught as many males as did traps holding virgin females. CONCLUSION: (E, Z)-2,13-octadecadienal has been identified as an attractant for O.
  • Chinese Papers on the Impact of Spotted Lanternfly to Kiwifruit

    Chinese Papers on the Impact of Spotted Lanternfly to Kiwifruit

    PFR SPTS No. 18590 BS19017 Spotted lanternfly – Chinese papers on the impact of spotted lanternfly to kiwifruit Xu G, Teulon D September 2019 Confidential report for: Zespri Group Limited Client ref: BS19017-30-A Zespri information: Milestone No. BS19017-30-A Contract No. BS19017 Chinese papers on the impact of spotted Project Name: lanternfly to kiwifruit DISCLAIMER The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited does not give any prediction, warranty or assurance in relation to the accuracy of or fitness for any particular use or application of, any information or scientific or other result contained in this report. Neither The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited nor any of its employees, students, contractors, subcontractors or agents shall be liable for any cost (including legal costs), claim, liability, loss, damage, injury or the like, which may be suffered or incurred as a direct or indirect result of the reliance by any person on any information contained in this report. LIMITED PROTECTION This report may be reproduced in full, but not in part, without the prior written permission of The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. To request permission to reproduce the report in part, write to: The Science Publication Office, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited – Postal Address: Private Bag 92169, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Email: [email protected]. CONFIDENTIALITY This report contains valuable information in relation to the Bioprotection programme that is confidential to the business of The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited and Zespri Group Limited.