DOCSLIB.ORG

The Place of Federalism in a Renewed Sudan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FederationsFederations w h at ’ S n e w i n F e d e r a l i SM wo r l dw i d e 2010 SPECIAL issue the place of federalism in a renewed Sudan northern Sudan could reorganize - even without the South interview: deputy governor of forumfed.org south kordofan ages ages M etty I etty g / AFP / y ZL SHA ASHRAF 2010 Sudan Special Issue sudanese men ride their camels towards pyramids in the Meroe desert, north of khartoum. board oF directorS Federations vijay kelkar, Chairman (India); a publication of the forum of federations abay tsehaye abay (ethiopia); alexander alvaro (european union); ken Boessenkool (Canada); kim Campbell (Canada); SENIOR EDITOR rod Macdonell John de Chastelain (Canada); Walter fust (switzerland); Associate editor Carl stieren ramón galindo (Mexico); Julius Ihonvbere (nigeria); special issue editor shawn houlihan (addis ababa) Wolf Linder (switzerland); georg Milbradt (germany); LAYOUT shannon elliot and yani roumeliotis Johanne poirier (Canada); vicente Carlos y plá trevas (Brazil); arabic tranSlation Maha Bustami, Maha takla, roger Wilkins (australia). nadia nouri ARABIC REVISIONS: farah kawtharani return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: copy editor robert Winters ForuM oF FederationS editorial AssiStant rita Champagne 325 dalhousie, suite 700 federations is published annually by the forum of ottawa, ontario k1n 7g2 Canada federations. tel: 613- 244-3360 fax: 613-244-3372 [email protected] www.forumfed.org this special edition of federations magazine was produced by the forum of federations as part of its two-year governance Canada post publications program in sudan, a program funded by the Canadian Mail agreement department of foreign affairs and International trade. no. 40745010 Federations M oru f to the the to L a ci pe s / Z e I haf L de Ab . Sudan Special issue a M Issa cover: introduction 2 Sudan Post-2011 By Shawn HouLihan 6 special edition ages M 6 Abundant lessons for Sudan from abroad by RichaRd SiMeOn & MaRie-jOËlle zahaR etty I etty g / AFP / y 10 Amid fears of secession, new visions of Sudan emerge ZL by haFiz IsmaiL MOhaMed SHA ASHRAF 13 What Sudan might look like after 2011 by jaLaL AbdeL-LatiF & SeiFuLaziz LaMin MiLaS Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir (right) 16 Interview: deputy Governor abdel aziz al-hilu welcomes Salva Kiir, of Southern Kordofan who heads Sudan’s former rebel Sudan 19 Southern Sudan faces challenges after referendum People’s Liberation by tODD DUSENBeRy Movement, as Sudan’s First Vice President at a 21 Northern Sudan could reorganize - even without the South swearing-in ceremony by OMeR awadalla Ali in Khartoum on May 29, 2010. 24 Sharing the wealth: oil for Sudan’s development By George anderson 27 Lessons learned from africa by jaaP de VisseR 30 Building new institutions interviewS with gordOn soro and aMna abbaKeR Sudan SPecial issue Sudan post-2011 federal systems are likely in referendum aftermath. Federations 2 Z e I af h ah M ll da /Issa Ab M n n I d SUDAN SPECIAL ISSUE 2010 oru L f ure n to the the to ed ed L M a ci pe s /Moha REUTERS Sudan, north and South: kamal hassan (left) from the ruling national Congress party, and Luka Biong from the sudan people’s Liberation Movement, sit side by side at a session of the african union and the united nations sudan Consultative forum in khartoum in 2010. By shaWn houlihan Sudan. Residents of two border states, ture for Sudan, with a highly Southern Kordofan and Blue nile, which autonomous Government of Southern ore than two decadeS oF are within the north but where many Sudan governed mainly by the SPLM civil war in Sudan ended fought alongside the SPLM, will hold and a Government of national unity in on jan. 9, 2005, with the “Popular consultations” to determine Khartoum with the two signing parties s i g n i n g o f t h e their status; and another border region, sharing control of the central comprehensive Peace abyei, will also stage a referendum on government. agreement by Sudan’s two whether to join South Sudan. whatever the result of the Southern M dominant political forces: referendum, it is likely that a form of fed- the ruling national congress Party and Making unity attractive eralism, or some elements of federalism, the Sudan People’s Liberation The pre-referendum period from 2005 to will be part of government in both the Movement (SPLM), which heads the 2010 was designed by the drafters of the north and the south of Sudan in all sce- government in Southern Sudan. agreement as a period in which all actors narios that may emerge after 2011. t h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e P e a c e would work to “make unity attractive” – it is in this context that the Forum of agreement, known as the cPa, is an that is, to give one more chance to show Federations is publishing this special extensive, detailed, 241-page document. that a united Sudan can work, especially edition of Federations magazine. Our But it is fair to say that the centrepiece of for Southerners. aim is not to advocate for federalism or a the agreement is the promise of a refer- in addition to providing for a referen- particular brand of federalism. it is to endum in which Southern Sudanese will dum for the South, the cPa is essentially provide a neutral and authoritative con- decide in early 2011 whether to become a power- and wealth-sharing agreement. tribution to the debate and to inform the fully independent or stay in a united it created an asymmetrical federal struc- public about federal ideas and the accompanying challenges in Sudan (and Shawn houlihan is the director of africa programs at the forum of federations in addis its component parts) under any of the ababa. forumfed.org Sudan SPecial issue scenarios and political configurations that one order of government cannot federalism for Sudan on the one hand that may emerge in 2011. usurp another’s powers, which differen- and its apparent non-readiness to make although federalism seldom makes tiates it from decentralized unitary it work on the other – that haunts Sudan headlines, it is an essential part of gov- systems where powers can be given and and those who are working toward a ernment in some countries on every taken away according to the central gov- durable peace for all Sudanese. continent of the world. More than 40 per ernment’s wishes. this contradiction is also a reason cent of the world’s population lives in comparative studies show that fed- many argue that Sudan (or any of its federal or federal-type systems of gover- eral countries have found many creative future configurations) should remain nance. This includes some of the world’s and effective combinations of constitu- relatively centralized rather than being more prosperous and long-standing tional and institutional arrangements federal. This argument can be refuted in democracies, such as australia, that fit different countries’ political, two parts. First, centralized governance Switzerland and the united States. social and economic needs and even has utterly failed over several decades More recently several countries have their historical circumstances. and under various regimes in Sudan. adopted federal systems as a means to But federalism does not solve all Second, The more nuanced answer is Federations end a long conflict. Some of these cases, problems. One eminent scholar, that there is no contradiction between a such as ethiopia, seem to be succeeding, Professor Richard Simeon, refers to the federal system and strong central powers 3 while others, like czechoslovakia, have “prerequisites” that are needed to make in certain key spheres of governance, or failed. For some, such as iraq and nepal, it is too early to tell. Sudan has reasons for federalism when one looks at the reasons that coun- tries become federal, Sudan has many of the requisite characteristics or features, such as: M oru • Large geographic territory: Many f large countries, such as australia, Brazil, the to L a ci canada, india, Russia, and the united SUDAN SPECIAL ISSUE 2010 pe s / Z e States, are federations. I haf • ethnic, linguistic and religious diver- L de Ab sity, such as in the federations of . a Belgium, canada, ethiopia, india, M nigeria, and Switzerland. Sudan, with a Issa residents of Blue nile state gather in the city of damazin. Blue nile state is where the population of about 42 million, has 597 roseires dam, the main source of hydroelectric power in sudan, has been built. ethnic groups that speak 115 dialects. • distrust about any over-concentra- tion of power which federalism diffuses federalism work: democracy, constitu- options for shared jurisdiction. The chal- by guaranteeing power in numerous tionalism and rule of law, trust and lenge then, is to design a system that fits centres, and not just the national capital, consensus, a common set of shared the nation’s particular needs. which was one of the main driving forces interests, respect for minorities, admin- Federalism has met with mixed suc- behind the creation of the world’s oldest istrative capacities at all levels, fiscal cess as a tool to resolve conflict. federation, the uSa. resources at all levels and power sharing this point is argued in the article by • Prolonged conflict among different at the centre. Richard Simeon and Marie-joëlle zahar. communities within a centralized coun- They emphasize that whatever the refer- try, which has had the effect of eroding Not every prerequisite necessary endum outcome in Southern Sudan in national solidarity over time.
Recommended publications
  • RVI Electoral Designs.Pdf

    RVI Electoral Designs.Pdf

    Electoral Designs Proportionality, representation, and constituency boundaries in Sudan’s 2010 elections Marc Gustafson Electoral Designs | 1 Electoral Designs Proportionality, representation, and constituency boundaries in Sudan’s 2010 elections Marc Gustafson Date 2010 Publisher Rift Valley Institute Editor Emily Walmsley Designer Scend www.scend.co.uk Cover image Jin-ho Chung ISBN 978-1-907431-01-2 Rights Published under Creative Commons license Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Contents List of tables and figures 4 About the Rift Valley Institute 5 About the author 5 Acknowledgements 6 Acronyms 6 Summary 7 I. Introduction 8 II. Electoral design in other post-conflict African countries 10 III. Sudan’s mixed electoral system 13 IV. Creating electoral constituencies 16 V. Conclusion 42 Appendix 46 Bibliography 64 List of tables and figures Tables Table 1 Electoral systems of African states 11 Table 2 Sudan’s elections and corresponding electoral systems 15 Table 3 Formulas for calculating the number of National Assembly constituencies for each state 19 Table 4 Distribution of constituencies and National Assembly seats 20 Table 5 Party and women’s list seats 22 Figures Figure 1 Allocation of National Legislative Assembly seats 15 Figure 2 Regional distribution of seats 24 Figure 3 Hand-marked corrections of population figures on the boundary reports for Kassala, Blue Nile, and Lakes States 29 Figure 4 Geographical constituencies of North Darfur 33 Figure 5 Description of constituency 32 (south Dabib and north Abyei) 35 4 | Electoral Designs About the Rift Valley Institute The Rift Valley Institute is a non-profit research, education and advocacy organization operating in Sudan, the Horn of Africa, East Africa, and the Great Lakes.
  • In Southern Sudan

    In Southern Sudan

    ‘Land belongs to the community’: Demystifying the ‘global land grab’ in Southern Sudan David K Deng LDPI Working Paper ‘Land belongs to the community’: Demystifying the ‘global land grab’ in Southern Sudan by David K Deng Published by: The Land Deal Politics Initiative www.iss.nl/ldpi [email protected] in collaboration with: Institute for Development Studies (IDS) University of Sussex Library Road Brighton, BN1 9RE United Kingdom Tel: +44 1273 606261 Fax: +44 1273 621202 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ids.ac.uk Initiatives in Critical Agrarian Studies (ICAS) International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Tel: +31 70 426 0664 Fax: +31 70 426 0799 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iss.nl/icas The Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) School of Government, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17 Bellville 7535, Cape Town South Africa Tel: +27 21 959 3733 Fax: +27 21 959 3732 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.plaas.org.za The Polson Institute for Global Development Department of Development Sociology Cornell University 133 Warren Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States of America Tel: +1 607 255-3163 Fax: +1 607 254-2896 E-mail: [email protected] Website: polson.cals.cornell.edu © February 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publisher and the author. Published with support from the UK Department for International Development (DfID), Atlantic Philanthropies, Inter‐Church Organization for Development Cooperation (ICCO), Ford Foundation and Miserior.
  • 1 Name 2 History

    1 Name 2 History

    Sudan This article is about the country. For the geographical two civil wars and the War in the Darfur region. Sudan region, see Sudan (region). suffers from poor human rights most particularly deal- “North Sudan” redirects here. For the Kingdom of North ing with the issues of ethnic cleansing and slavery in the Sudan, see Bir Tawil. nation.[18] For other uses, see Sudan (disambiguation). i as-Sūdān /suːˈdæn/ or 1 Name السودان :Sudan (Arabic /suːˈdɑːn/;[11]), officially the Republic of the Sudan[12] Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān), is an Arab The country’s place name Sudan is a name given to a جمهورية السودان :Arabic) republic in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to from Western to eastern Central Africa. The name de- the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African or “the ,(بلاد السودان) rives from the Arabic bilād as-sūdān Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya lands of the Blacks", an expression denoting West Africa to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. and northern-Central Africa.[19] The Nile River divides the country into eastern and west- ern halves.[13] Its predominant religion is Islam.[14] Sudan was home to numerous ancient civilizations, such 2 History as the Kingdom of Kush, Kerma, Nobatia, Alodia, Makuria, Meroë and others, most of which flourished Main article: History of Sudan along the Nile River. During the predynastic period Nu- bia and Nagadan Upper Egypt were identical, simulta- neously evolved systems of pharaonic kingship by 3300 [15] BC.
  • Sudan Law Reform Advocacy Briefing

    Sudan Law Reform Advocacy Briefing

    Sudan Law Reform Advocacy Briefing January 2014 Welcome to the fourth issue of the Sudan Law Reform Advocacy Briefing.1 This Briefing is published quarterly to highlight and reflect on law reform developments and issues critical to the promotion and protection of human rights in Sudan. Its aim is to inform and engage those working on, and interested in, law reform and human rights in Sudan. The present issue contains an annotated compilation of key recommendations made by regional and international human rights bodies, as well as states during the Universal Periodic Review process, and, in so far as available, responses by Sudan thereto. It focuses on legislative reforms, particularly in relation to serious human rights violations. This issue seeks to provide a useful reference document for all actors concerned and to identify priority areas for engagement, particularly in the context of the pending review of Sudan’s state party report by the UN Human Rights Committee. Yours, Lutz Oette For further information, please visit our dedicated project website at www.pclrs.org/ Please contact Lutz Oette (REDRESS) at [email protected] (Tel +44 20 77931777) if you wish to share information or submit your comments for consideration, or if you do not wish to receive any further issues of the advocacy briefing. 1 The Advocacy Briefings are available online at: http://www.pclrs.org/english/updates. 1 I. The implementation of international human rights treaty obligations, legislative reforms and effective protection of rights in Sudan: International perspectives and Sudan’s responses in context 1. Introduction The question of human rights in Sudan has engaged a large number of regional and international bodies.
  • Constitution – Making in the Sudan: Past Experiences

    Constitution – Making in the Sudan: Past Experiences

    Constitution – Making in the Sudan: Past Experiences Prof. Ali Suleiman Fadlall A paper presented at the Constitution­making Forum: A Government of Sudan Consultation 24­25 May 2011 Khartoum, Sudan With support from Advisory Council for Human Rights 1 Introduction: In 1978, upon my return to Sudan from Nigeria, I found that one of my predecessors at the Faculty of Law, University of Khartoum, had set up a question in constitutional law for the first year students asking them to comment on the following statement: “Since the time of the Mahdi, the history of the Sudan has been a history of a country in search for a constitution.” In 1986, I contributed a chapter on constitutional development in the Sudan to a book of essays on the politics of the country, published under the title of Sudan Since Independence. The editors, and myself chose for my easy the heading of “The Search for a Constitution”. Now, a quarter of a century later, and more than fifty years since the country became independent, it seems that that perennial search for a constitution has not, yet, been successful concluded. In this brief essay, I intend to look at past endeavors in constitution making in this country. It is just possible that previous constitutional making processes may have been so flawed, that the structure that they thought to build could not withstand the test of time. Hence; they always came crumbling down. In some cases, some of these structures were not even finished. Constitution­Making: Constitutions can be created through different methods and devices.
  • Building a Framework for the Secession of Southern Sudan

    Building a Framework for the Secession of Southern Sudan

    Working Together to Break Apart: Building a Framework for the Secession of Southern Sudan Laura Brittain Emilie DesRosiers Dan Moore Hannah Moosa Aneesa Walji Semir Yusuf Teshale This report was prepared as one of the requirements for a joint Political Science and Law Graduate Course, Constitutional Design for Divided Societies: Theory and Cases, co-taught by Professors David Cameron, Sujit Choudhry and Richard Simeon, at the University of Toronto during the 2009-2010 Winter Semester. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS .............................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION: “INDEPENDENCE IS MORE THAN SECESSION” .................................................... 4 1. COOPERATIVE SECESSION AND THE SUDANESE CONSTITUTION DAN MOORE......................................................................................................................... 14 2. SUDAN’S BLUE AND BLACK GOLD: FUELLING CONFLICT OR FOSTERING COOPERATION IN A FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT HANNAH MOOSA .................................................................................................................. 28 3. ANTICIPATING THE BIRTH OF A NEW BORDER: CROSS-BORDER MIGRATION AND THE CHALLENGE OF AVOIDING DE-STABILISATION ANEESA WALJI ..................................................................................................................... 66 4. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING: DECENTRALISATION AND CREATING CAPACITY FOR THE GOVERNING STRUCTURES OF SOUTHERN SUDAN EMILIE DESROSIERS...........................................................................................................
  • Sudan, Performed by the Much Loved Singer Mohamed Wardi

    Sudan, Performed by the Much Loved Singer Mohamed Wardi

    Confluence: 1. the junction of two rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width; 2. an act or process of merging. Oxford English Dictionary For you oh noble grief For you oh sweet dream For you oh homeland For you oh Nile For you oh night Oh good and beautiful one Oh my charming country (…) Oh Nubian face, Oh Arabic word, Oh Black African tattoo Oh My Charming Country (Ya Baladi Ya Habbob), a poem by Sidahmed Alhardallou written in 1972, which has become one of the most popular songs of Sudan, performed by the much loved singer Mohamed Wardi. It speaks of Sudan as one land, praising the country’s diversity. EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SUDANESE ORGANISATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT In Search of Confluence Addressing Discrimination and Inequality in Sudan The Equal Rights Trust Country Report Series: 4 London, October 2014 The Equal Rights Trust is an independent international organisation whose pur- pose is to combat discrimination and promote equality as a fundamental human right and a basic principle of social justice. © October 2014 Equal Rights Trust © Photos: Anwar Awad Ali Elsamani © Cover October 2014 Dafina Gueorguieva Layout: Istvan Fenyvesi PrintedDesign: in Dafinathe UK Gueorguieva by Stroma Ltd ISBN: 978-0-9573458-0-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by other means without the prior written permission of the publisher, or a licence for restricted copying from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd., UK, or the Copyright Clearance Centre, USA.
  • The Case of Sudan How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence

    The Case of Sudan How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence

    The Case of Sudan How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence Peter Bang, Copenhagen Business School Date: 02.03.2015 Master of Science in International Business and Politics Supervisor: Anna Leander Number of Pages: 79 STU Count: 175,036 Table of Content List of figures .................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5 Current Literature ........................................................................................................................... 6 Research Question .......................................................................................................................... 8 Thesis Outline ................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: International Relations and the English School ...................................................... 10 The English School ........................................................................................................................ 10 International
  • Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues: Options for Economic Stabilization, Recovery and Inclusive Growth

    Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues: Options for Economic Stabilization, Recovery and Inclusive Growth

    Briefing note Ahmed Soliman Africa Programme | October 2019 Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues Options for Economic Stabilization, Recovery and Inclusive Growth Foreword by HE Dr Abdalla Hamdok, Prime Minister of the Republic of Sudan Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues: Options for Economic Stabilization, Recovery and Inclusive Growth About the Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues series The Chatham House Africa Programme designed the Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues series to help identify the factors that have led to the current economic crisis, the immediate steps that need to be taken to avert collapse and stabilize the economy, and the longer-term structural reforms required to set Sudan on the path to recovery. The project is funded by Humanity United. Three private roundtable meetings were convened in the first quarter of 2019, with the aim of generating informed and constructive new thinking on policy options and reforms that could help Sudan build a more economically prosperous, stable and inclusive nation. The Sudan Stakeholder Dialogues series was held under the Chatham House Rule. 1 From the outset, the project sought to offer a neutral space for discussion to policymakers and influencers from a broad range of backgrounds: Sudanese government officials, opposition figures, economists, experts on Sudan’s political economy and governance, civil society figures, representatives of international financial institutions, and other international policymakers. The Chatham House Africa Programme would like to thank all participants for their valuable insights and contributions to this project. This paper draws together the key themes and findings from each of the three roundtables, ranging from broad structural economic issues to sector-specific priority interventions. It presents options and recommendations for Sudanese leaders, including the transitional government, in support of building a more economically prosperous, peaceful and inclusive nation.
  • Vallis Group Limited, Vallis House, 57 Vallis Road, Frome, Somerset, BA11 3EG, England  +44-(0)-1373-453-970 Incorporated in England: Company Registration No

    Vallis Group Limited, Vallis House, 57 Vallis Road, Frome, Somerset, BA11 3EG, England  +44-(0)-1373-453-970 Incorporated in England: Company Registration No

    Sudan SUDAN IS LOCATED IN NORTHEASTERN AFRICA. IT IS THE TENTH LARGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. SUDAN IS BORDERED BY SEVEN COUNTRIES AND THE RED SEA. IT HAS A LONG HISTORY OF CIVIL WARS AS WELL AS POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY. Page 1 of 18 Vallis Group Limited, Vallis House, 57 Vallis Road, Frome, Somerset, BA11 3EG, England +44-(0)-1373-453-970 Incorporated in England: Company Registration No. 04524501 | www.vallis-group.com | [email protected] Official Named: Republic of the Sudan (Jumhuriyat Total Population: 42,337,000 people (2019 est.) as-Sudan) Distribution: Urban 35.5% - Rural 64.5% (2019) Location: Northeast African country bordering the Population projection: 59,000,000 (2050) Red Sea to the northeast. • Bordered by Egypt, Libya, Chad, Cameroon, Capital City: Khartoum South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea • The White Nile and the Blue Nile are the two • The Red Sea is the lowest point in Sudan with tributaries of the Nile. They merge at Khartoum, Deriba Caldera being the highest point at an becoming the Nile River before flowing into elevation of 3,042m. Egypt. • The origin of the city name is unknown but is believed to be derived from the Arabic word ‘khartum’ meaning ‘trunk’ due to the narrow strip of land between the Blue and White Niles. • With a hot desert climate, the city is often considered one of the hottest major cities in the world. • Sudan was once the largest and most geographically diverse state in Africa. it was split into two countries in July 2011. It is now the third largest country in Africa.
  • Darfur, Sudan: the Responsibility to Protect

    Darfur, Sudan: the Responsibility to Protect

    House of Commons International Development Committee Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume I HC 67-I House of Commons International Development Committee Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume I Report, together with formal minutes Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 March 2005 HC 67-I Published on 30 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The International Development Committee The International Development Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for International Development and its associated public bodies. Current membership Tony Baldry MP (Conservative, Banbury) (Chairman) John Barrett MP (Liberal Democrat, Edinburgh West) Mr John Battle MP (Labour, Leeds West) Hugh Bayley MP (Labour, City of York) Mr John Bercow MP (Conservative, Buckingham) Ann Clwyd MP (Labour, Cynon Valley) Mr Tony Colman MP (Labour, Putney) Mr Quentin Davies MP (Conservative, Grantham and Stamford) Mr Piara S Khabra MP (Labour, Ealing Southall) Chris McCafferty MP (Labour, Calder Valley) Tony Worthington MP (Labour, Clydebank and Milngavie) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/indcom Committee staff The staff of the Committee are Alistair Doherty (Clerk), Hannah Weston (Second Clerk), Alan Hudson and Anna Dickson (Committee Specialists), Katie Phelan (Committee Assistant), Jennifer Steele (Secretary) and Philip Jones (Senior Office Clerk).
  • Agents of Fear

    Agents of Fear

    AGENTS OF FEAR THE NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE IN SUDAN Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.8 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. Amnesty International Publications First published in 2010 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org © Amnesty International Publications 2010 Index: AFR 54/010/2010 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. Cover photo : A cell where detainees were held by the National Intelligence and Security Service in Nyala, Sudan. This photograph was taken in 2004 during a visit of