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Nature and Science An International Journal Nature and Science ISSN 1545-0740 Volume 7 - Number 7 (Cumulated No. 28), August 1, 2009 Marsland Press P.O. Box 21126, Lansing, Michigan 48909, the United States 525 Rockaway PKWY, #B44, Brooklyn, New York 11212, the United States http://www.sciencepub.net http://www.sciencepub.org [email protected] [email protected] 347-321-7172 Nature and Science Marsland Press http://www.sciencepub.net [email protected] Nature and Science, 2009 ISSN 1545-0740 Nature and Science The Nature and Science is an international journal with a purpose to enhance our natural and scientific knowledge dissemination in the world under the free publication principle. Papers submitted could be reviews, objective descriptions, research reports, opinions/debates, news, letters, and other types of writings that are nature and science related. All manuscripts submitted will be peer reviewed and the valuable papers will be considered for the publication after the peer review. The Authors are responsible to the contents of their articles. Editor-in-Chief: Hongbao Ma Associate Editors-in-Chief: Shen Cherng, Qiang Fu, Deng-Nan Horng, Yongsheng Ma Editors: George Chen, Jingjing Z Edmondson, Han Dai, Mark Hansen, Mary Herbert, Wayne Jiang, Chuan Liang, Xuemei Liang, Mark Lindley, Margaret Ma, Mike Ma, Da Ouyang, Xiaofeng Ren, Shufang Shi, Tracy X Qiao, Pankaj Sah, Alice Teng, George Warren, Qing Xia, Yonggang Xie, Shulai Xu, Lijian Yang, Yan Young, Tina Zhang, Ruanbao Zhou, Yi Zhu Web Design: Jenny Young Introductions to Authors 1. General Information Reference Examples: (1) Goals: As an international journal published both in print and on Journal Article: Hacker J, Hentschel U, Dobrindt U. internet, Nature and Science is dedicated to the dissemination of Prokaryotic chromosomes and disease. Science fundamental knowledge in all areas of nature and science. The main 2003;301(34):790-3. purpose of Nature and Science is to enhance our knowledge spreading Book: Berkowitz BA, Katzung BG. Basic and clinical in the world under the free publication principle. It publishes full- evaluation of new drugs. In: Katzung BG, ed. Basic and clinical length papers (original contributions), reviews, rapid communications, pharmacology. Appleton & Lance Publisher. Norwalk, and any debates and opinions in all the fields of nature and science. Connecticut, USA. 1995:60-9. (2) What to Do: Nature and Science provides a place for discussion (10) Submission Address: [email protected], Marsland of scientific news, research, theory, philosophy, profession and Company, P.O. Box 21126, Lansing, Michigan 48909, The United technology - that will drive scientific progress. 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Box 21126, East Lansing, Michigan 48909, The United States, (517) 349-2362 http://www.sciencepub.org i [email protected] Nature and Science ISSN: 1545-0740 Volume 7 - Number 7 (Cumulated No. 28), August 1, 2009 Cover Page, Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, All in one file CONTENTS No. / Titles / Authors page 1. Effect of Heat Absorbed and Remitted by Copper Present In Molten Pb-Sb-Cu Alloy System on the Impact Strength and Hardness of the Solidified Alloy C. I. Nwoye and S. I. Okeke 1-7 2. Model for Predicting the Upgraded Concentration of Iron during Solid-State Beneficiation of Iron Oxide Ore Pelletized with Powdered Potassium Chlorate C. I. Nwoye, S. Obiji, C. C. Nwakwuo, and C. N. Anyakwo 8-14 3. Extinction of Species from Establishment of Large Water Projects: The Case of Aloe polyphylla in Lesotho Maleribe Julia Mofokeng, Jiwen Ge 15-20 4. Prunus Cerasoides D. Don (Himalayan Wild Cherry): A Boon To Hill- Beekeepers In Garhwal Himalaya Prabhawati Tiwari, J. K. Tiwari and Radha Ballabha 21-23 5. Biochemical Quantification of protein , Fat, Starch, Crude fibre, Ash and Dry matter content in different Collection of Greater Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) found in Orissa Kambaska Kumar Behera, Trinanth Moharana, Santilata Sahoo and Aratibala Prusti 24-32 6. In the search for a new field of mathematics S. Kalimuthu 33-40 7. Molecular Characterization of Valeriana Species with PCR, RAPD and SDS PAGE Manisha Pant, Tapan Kumar Nailwal, Lalit M. Tewari, Sanjay Kumar, Priti Kumari, Hemlata Kholia and Geeta Tewari 41-49 8. OPTIMIZATION OF 2, 4 DICHLOROPHENOL DEGRADABLE CRUDE EXTRACTS PRODUCED BY Pseudomonas Aeruginosa USING BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN R. Manikandan, H. Janardhana Prabhu, P. Sivashanmugam, CN Pratheeba and Pankaj Sah 50-60 9. A Case Study: Nainital High Altitude Zoo, Ecotourism and People Participation Maya Nainwal, Narayan Singh, L. S. Lodhiyal & Balwant Kumar 61-66 10. Evaluation of Disease Intensity of Some Rust Fungi at Nainital Hills Anwesha Sah, Uma Tiwari Palni, Y. P. S Pangtey 67-72 11. Thermal decomposition kinetics of peanut shell Bibhesh K. Singh, Priti Kumari, Anant prakash, Devjani Adhikari 73-78 12. Staphylococcus aureus - A Cause of Fatal Toxic Shock Syndrome In Egyptian Horses (First record) Sherein I. Abd El-Moez, Ahmed F.Y. , Omaima H. Ezzo 79-87 13. Beautiful Geometry S. Kalimuthu 88-89 14. Rare metal (Ta-Sn-Li-Be) distribution in Precambrian pegmatites of Keffi area, Central Nigeria Olugbenga A. Okunlola1 and Onesimus O. Ocan 90-99 15. Prediction Of Productivity Of Spent Lubricant Oil Uncontaminated And Contaminated Soil Amended With Organic Wastes Using Modified Productivity Index In Abakaliki, Nigeria Nwite, J. N., Mbah, C.N., Igwe, T.S. And Njoku, C. 100-112 16. Pedology of Oak and Pine Forests in Indian Central Himalaya Bhupendra Singh Jina, Chandrapal Singh Bohra and Pankaj Sah 113-115 17. Optimization Of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol Degradable Crude Extracts Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Box Behnken Design R. Manikandan, H. Janardhana Prabhu, P. Sivashanmugam, CN Pratheeba and Pankaj Sah 116- 128 18. Efficient in vitro multiplication of Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala L.) using 6-benzylaminopurine pre-conditioned seedling explants Neha Goel, Narender Singh and Raman Saini 129-134 For back issues of the Nature and Science, click here. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] © 2009. Marsland Press Nature and Science, 2009;7(7), ISSN 1545-0740, http://www.sciencepub.net, [email protected] Effect of Heat Absorbed and Remitted by Copper Present In Molten Pb-Sb-Cu Alloy System on the Impact Strength and Hardness of the Solidified Alloy Chukwuka Ikechuwu Nwoye* and Sylvanus Ikechukwu Okeke *Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri. Nigeria. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka. Nigeria. [email protected] Abstract: The effect of heat absorbed and remitted by copper present in molten Pb-Sb-Cu alloy system on the impact strength, energy absorbance and hardness of the solidified alloy was studied following casting and cooling of the alloys in the furnace as well as computation of the heat absorbed and remitted by copper. The results of the investigation indicate that the impact strength, energy absorbance, and hardness of the sand cast Pb-Sb-Cu alloys increased with increase in the quantity of heat absorbed and remitted into molten Pb-Sb-Cu alloy system as result of increase in the weight (up to 45g) of copper added and distributed within the Pb-Sb alloy matrix. This was attributed to a wider temperature gradient believed to have been created (due to increased copper addition and distribution) during cooling of the alloy system as a result of the increased heat remittance into the system.
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