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List of Fish Found in the Freshwaters of Nova Scotia a Review of Common

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List of Fish Found in the Freshwaters of Nova Scotia a Review of Common CURATORIAL REPORT NUMBER 10 8 List of Fish found in the Freshwaters of Nova Scotia A review of Common Names and the taxonomy applied to these species with synonyms used in the literature relating to Nova Scotia, including Mi’kmaw names for fish by Andrew J Hebda CURATORIAL REPORTS The Reports of the Nova Scotia Museum make technical information on museum collections, programs, procedures, and research accessible to interested readers. This report contains the preliminary results of an on-going research program of the Museum. It may be cited in publications, but its manuscript status should be noted. _________________________________________________________________ © Crown Copyright 2019 Province of Nova Scotia Information in this report has been provided with the intent that it be readily available for research, personal and public non- commercial use and may be reproduced in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission so long as credit is given to the Nova Scotia Museum. ISBN 978-1-55457-901-3 The correct citation for this publication is: Hebda, A.J., 2019, List of Fish found in the Freshwaters of Nova Scotia: A review of the taxonomy applied to these species with synonyms used in the literature relating to Nova Scotia including Mi’kmaw names for fish, Curatorial Report No. 108, Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, 100 pages Cover image by Adam Cochrane – Lake Trout. Page | 2 Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of several individuals who have contributed to this manuscript in a number of ways. The author wishes to thank John Gilhen for reviewing versions of the manuscript, Maggie MacIntyre for insightful review of early drafts and Laura Bennett for suggestions and edits of the final document. Comments provided by Roger Lewis were of great utility in ensuring correct usage of Mi’kmaw terminology. In addition, the assistance of Katherine Ogden is acknowledged in the validation of selected references during the proofing of the manuscript. The assistance and advice of Kim Franklin and Joni Thomas in the final formatting of the manuscript has helped in making the document a useful and functional tool in the review of older literature. It is relatively easy to provide information. It is, however, more difficult to present it in a manner that may be of use by all. Adam Cochrane created the evocative cover illustration which represents both the nature and intent of this document. My thanks to all who have helped. Page | 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Species of Fish from Fresh and Brackish Waters of Nova Scotia ................................................................. 8 Names and Synonyms ................................................................................................................................. 11 References .................................................................................................................................................. 80 Tables Table 1. List of Accepted Scientific and Common Names of Fishes Recorded as Using Fresh and Brackish Waters in Nova Scotia ................................................................................................................................... 8 Index by Family Order- PETROMYZONTIFORMES (Lampreys) Family – Petromyzontidae (Lampreys) .................................................................................................. 11 Order- ACIPENSERIFORMES (Sturgeons) Family – Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) ....................................................................................................... 12 Order - ELOPIFORMES (Tarpons) Family – Elopidae (Tarpons) .................................................................................................................. 14 Order - ANGUILLIFORMES (Eels) Family – Anguillidae (Freshwater Eels) .................................................................................................. 15 Order - CLUPEIFORMES (Anchovies and Herrings) Family – Clupeidae (Herrings) ................................................................................................................ 18 Order - CYPRINIFORMES (Minnows and Suckers) Family – Cyprinidae (Carps and Minnows) ............................................................................................ 23 Family – Catostomidae (Suckers) .......................................................................................................... 37 Order – SILURIFORMES (Catfishes) Family – Ictaluridae (Bullhead Catfishes) .............................................................................................. 39 Family – Loricariidae (Suckermouth Catfishes) ..................................................................................... 41 Order - ESOCIFORMES (Mudminnows and Pikes) Family – Esocidae (Pikes) ....................................................................................................................... 41 Order – OSMERIFORMES (Smelts) Family – Osmeridae (Smelts) ................................................................................................................. 43 Order – SALMONIFORMES (Salmon, Trouts and Whitefish) Family – Salmonidae (Salmon, Trouts and Whitefish)........................................................................... 45 Order – GADIFORMES (Cods and Hakes) Family – Gadidae (True Cods) ................................................................................................................ 54 Order – CYPRINODONTIFORMES (Killifishes) Family – Fundulidae (Killifishes) ............................................................................................................ 56 Order – ATHERINIFORMES (Silversides) Family – Atherinidae (Silversides) ......................................................................................................... 59 Order – GASTEROSTEIFORMES (Pipefishes and Sticklebacks) Family – Gasterosteidae (Sticklebacks) ................................................................................................. 61 Family – Syngnathidae (Pipefishes) ...................................................................................................... 65 Page | 4 Order – SCORPAEONIFORMES (Sculpins) Family – Cottidae (Sculpins) .................................................................................................................. 67 Order – PERCIFORMES (Perch-like Fishes) Family – Moronidae (Temperate Basses) .............................................................................................. 68 Family – Percidae (Perches) ................................................................................................................... 71 Family – Centrarchidae (Sunfishes) ....................................................................................................... 73 Family – Labridae (Wrasses) .................................................................................................................. 74 Family – Stromateidae (Butterfishes) .................................................................................................... 75 Order – PLEURONECTIFORMES (Flounders and Flatfishes) Family – Scophthalmidae (Left-eyed flounders) .................................................................................... 76 Family – Pleuronectidae (Right-eyed flounders) ................................................................................... 78 Page | 5 Introduction The Fishes of Nova Scotia have been documented both in the scientific and popular literature for approximately 400 years. As with other taxonomic groups, there have been some changes in nomenclature, including some relating to the establishment of a formal taxonomic structure in the mid- 18th century in addition. Other changes have been made to reflect more-contemporary reviews of systematic relationships. Due to their popularity of this group of animals in both in the naturalist as well as the recreational fishing communities, there has been a considerably greater degree of assignation of names to fish, perhaps without the rigour applied to other groups. This report includes anadromous and catadromous species as well as seasonally or occasionally transient species from brackish waters. Of the 58 species of fish noted in this document, most have undergone some form of nominal revision. This document summarizes names (both scientific and common) for these species, including those, which are in a strict sense, true synonyms as well as those, which may have been used commonly or possibly erroneously in the past. In many cases in the early literature, names of similar European species had been applied to this fauna in the as a matter of course. This review also includes a number of names that reflect orthographic errors in their publication. In this way, this report can be used as a reference to clarify which species were, in fact, being discussed in these earlier works. This document has been created in part to assist in the review of older and perhaps more-obscure popular and scientific literature regarding this element of Nova Scotia’s fauna (both past and present). As such, it is also to a degree a bibliography to the Freshwater Fish of Nova Scotia. References
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