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Relative Vertical Deformations in La Union, Philippines Revealed by Holocene Coral Microatolls

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Relative Vertical Deformations in La Union, Philippines Revealed by Holocene Coral Microatolls Relative vertical deformations in La Union, Philippines revealed by Holocene coral microatolls M.I. Abigania 1,2 , F.P. Siringan 2,3* , (HLS) of the annual growth rings G.M. Besana-Ostman 1,4* and Y. seen in x-radiograph of the sampled Yokoyama 5 living microatoll showed short periods of gradual submergence (2- 1Geology and Geophysics R&D Division, 4 mm/yr) in between abrupt Philippine Institute of Volcanology and relative sea-level falls. These are Seismology – Department of Science possibly periods of relaxation phase and Technology (PHIVOLCS-DOST), corresponding to interseismic Philippines adjustments. Two episodes in the coral’s band pattern are marked by 2National Institute of Geological a decrease in the extension rate of Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines the growth bands. One took place in ca. 1938 and another in ca. 3Marine Science Institute, University of 1963. Incidentally, a Ms 7.0 the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, earthquake occurred offshore of Philippines Ilocos associated with Manila Trench in 1938. The decrease in 4 Department of Geological Sciences, growth rate might be due to University of North Carolina at Chapel increased turbidity brought by Hill, NC, USA elevated sediment load from rivers due to landslides upstream 5Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan triggered by the earthquake. Rapid submergence of ~2cm ca.1938 is *present address possibly tectonic as a Ms 7.6 and 7.0 earthquake events in offshore northwest Luzon occurred in 1934 Abstract and 1938 respectively. Whereas, the growth rate pattern and rapid Coral microatolls have long been submergence noted in ca. 1963 used as good indicators of relative might be correlated with two sea level change especially in an earthquake events offshore of actively deforming region. Relative Pangasinan in 1963 and offshore of vertical deformations possibly northwest Ilocos in 1964. can be associated with paleoseismic events correlated with the growth pattern are reconstructed from the in ca.1964. Oceanographic effects morphology of living and emergent on sea level like the sea surface coral microatolls in Paraoir, temperature changes in the South Balaoan, La Union facing Manila China Sea was also recorded in the Trench in the Philippines. The living coral, marked by a 2-3 cm gradual microatolls exhibit emergence submergence and emergence in the throughout their life history by growth rings from 1989 to 2006. having a domal raised center and down-stepping terraces towards the rim. The highest level of survival EARTH SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PHILIPPINES | 36 Emerged microatolls 1km south of earlier events of relative sea level the sampled living coral changes. The final emergence of predominantly exhibit a “cup-like” the reef at about 1.4 kyBP lead to morphology having two exterior the demise of the microatolls . This raised rims with gentle outward sea level fall is also recorded in slopes and abrupt down-steps other places in the Philippines. The toward the center. One of the study can most probably identify sampled microatoll less than 1 m in other events older than the known diameter shows an initial historical record along Manila hemispherical growth for 23 years Trench. which then experienced a possible sudden emergence of 6 cm followed by a relative sea level stability for about 4 years. An abrupt submergence of 6.5 cm followed that allowed for a catch-up growth band pattern for 9 years before its final emergence of ~1 m. More complex topography can be seen in larger microatolls of more than one meter in diameter indicating other EARTH SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PHILIPPINES | 37 Electromagnetic, geochemical and thermal studies on Taal Volcano (Philippines) from 2005 to present P.K.B. Alanis 1, J. Zlotnicki 2, J.P. Abstract Sabit 1, Y. Sasai 3, J. M. Cordon 1, M. Harada 4, J.P. Toutain 5, E.U. Taal Volcano is one of the most Villacorte 1, A. Bernard 6, H. active volcanoes in the Philippines. Hase 7, J.T. Punongbayan 1, T. Its first recorded eruption was in Nagao 8 and R.U. Solidum Jr1. 1573. It has since erupted 33 times resulting in hundreds of casualties 1Philippine Institute of Volcanology and and large damages to property. In Seismology, C. P. Garcia Avenue, U. P. 1995, it was declared one of the 15 Campus, Diliman, Quezon City, Decade Volcanoes. Beginning in the Philippines early 1990s it has experienced several phases of abnormal activity, 2 CNRS, UMR6524, UMS 833-UBP including seismic swarms, episodes Observatoire de Physique du Globe de of ground deformation, ground Clermont-Ferrand, 24 avenue des fissuring and hydrothermal landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France activities. In January 2005, several 3Disaster Prevention Division, Tokyo felt earthquakes drove inhabitants Metropolitan Government, Nishi- living near the volcano to evacuate. Shinjuku, 2-8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8001, Japan Joint self-potential (SP), total magnetic field (TMF), ground 4Centre for Frontier Electronics and temperature, and carbon dioxide Photonics, Chiba University, 1-33 (CO 2) soil degassing surveys along Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, with satellite thermal imaging were Japan begun in Taal Volcano in 2005, which aims to study the geothermal 5Laboratoire des Mecanismes de Transfert en Geologie, UMR5563, activity occurring in the volcano. Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, 14 avenue These surveys are repeated Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France regularly and several permanent and continuous TMF and SP stations 6Laboratoire de Geochimie et were also established on the Mineralogie Appliquee, Universite Libre northern part of the volcano, as de Bruxelles, CP160/02, avenue FD well as on the northeastern shore Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium of the Main Crater Lake (MCL). The results from these combined 7Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, studies indicate strong thermal Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan transfers and degassing in the area 8Earthquake Prediction Research of Daang Kastila on the northern Centre, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, flank of the volcano along E-W Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan trending fissures. These fissures may be linked to the Main Crater Lake at its northern border as well as to thermal sources near the Main Crater Lake shoreline. This latter EARTH SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PHILIPPINES | 38 thermal source is a possible location of future eruptive activity. In order to identify the centre of the geothermal activity, we conducted measurements of the lake topography, TMF, surface water temperature as well as CO 2 concentrations on the surface of MCL in March, 2008. A new mound, which appeared between the years 1986 and 2008, was found near the NNE coast of MCL. The mound (a topographic high at a depth of 40 m) is non-magnetic and coincides with the position of thermal anomaly emerged during the volcanic crisis in the early 2005. This area could be the outlet of magmatic fluids, which is connected to the vent from the magma reservoir at depth. EARTH SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PHILIPPINES | 39 Harnessing ICT and high performance computing for environmental monitoring and hazard mitigation The Philippine e-Science Grid Program, Among the focus areas include: Department of Science and Technology weather notification system; - Advanced Science and Technology remote data monitoring/ sensing/ Institute, Diliman, Quezon City, acquisition for research and Philippines 1101 disaster mitigation; and, real-time environmental data monitoring and Abstract acquisition. ASTI continues to build and The Advanced Science and strengthen its capabilities in the Technology Institute (ASTI), a areas of Sensor and Warning research and development institute Systems Development and under the Department of Science Deployment, and High-Performance and Technology (DOST), is Computing, among others. ASTI is mandated to conduct research and currently implementing the development in the advanced fields Philippine Real-time Environment of Information and Communications Data Acquisition and Interpretation Technology (ICT) and for Climate-related Tragedy Microelectronics. (PREDICT) Prevention and Mitigation. PREDICT aims to Over the years, ASTI's programs improve weather forecasting using and projects have focused on a system of automated weather providing more significant stations (AWS) that can remotely contributions to national send weather parameters to a development through ICT and central server using the nationwide Microelectronics. ASTI has been cellular network. The received data involved with a number of is then processed and analyzed to collaborations with government, come up with weather bulletins for academe, and industry to carry out general information. high-impact projects that contribute to agriculture, distance education, ASTI also initiated the Philippine e- weather forecasting, education, Science Grid (PSciGrid) Program, environmental monitoring, disaster which was conceptualized in mitigation, among others. response to the emerging need of the Filipino scientific community for Environment stands as one of the a national high-performance priority research areas of ASTI. The computing facility. PSciGrid aims to Institute’s activities on the area are establish a grid computing to conduct R&D and develop infrastructure in the Philippines that technologies and products that will will provide internet-accessible e- have useful and critical applications Science solutions to a diverse in disaster and hazard mitigation, community of researchers and
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