The Starting Situation for the Standardisation of the SI System
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The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C
DOCONENT RESUME ED 191 707 031 '926 AUTHOR Andersonv.Glen: Gallagher, Paul TITLE The Metric System: America Measures Up. 1979 Edition. INSTITUTION Naval Education and Training Command, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO NAVEDTRA,.475-01-00-79 PUB CATE 1 79 NOTE 101p. .AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing .Office, Washington, DC 2040Z (Stock Number 0507-LP-4.75-0010; No prise quoted). E'DES PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Cartoons; Decimal Fractions: Mathematical Concepts; *Mathematic Education: Mathem'atics Instruction,: Mathematics Materials; *Measurement; *Metric System; Postsecondary Education; *Resource Materials; *Science Education; Student Attitudes: *Textbooks; Visual Aids' ABSTRACT This training manual is designed to introduce and assist naval personnel it the conversion from theEnglish system of measurement to the metric system of measurement. The bcokteliswhat the "move to metrics" is all,about, and details why the changeto the metric system is necessary. Individual chaPtersare devoted to how the metric system will affect the average person, how the five basic units of the system work, and additional informationon technical applications of metric measurement. The publication alsocontains conversion tables, a glcssary of metric system terms,andguides proper usage in spelling, punctuation, and pronunciation, of the language of the metric, system. (MP) ************************************.******i**************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from -
NO CALCULATORS! APES Summer Work: Basic Math Concepts Directions: Please Complete the Following to the Best of Your Ability
APES Summer Math Assignment 2015 ‐ 2016 Welcome to AP Environmental Science! There will be no assigned reading over the summer. However, on September 4th, you will be given an initial assessment that will check your understanding of basic math skills modeled on the problems you will find below. Topics include the use of scientific notation, basic multiplication and division, metric conversions, percent change, and dimensional analysis. The assessment will include approximately 20 questions and will be counted as a grade for the first marking period. On the AP environmental science exam, you will be required to use these basic skills without the use of a calculator. Therefore, please complete this packet without a calculator. If you require some review of these concepts, please go to the “About” section of the Google Classroom page where you will find links to videos that you may find helpful. A Chemistry review packet will be due on September 4th. You must register for the APES Summer Google Classroom page using the following code: rskj5f in order to access the assignment. The Chemistry review packet does not have to be completed over the summer but getting a head start on the assignment will lighten your workload the first week of school. A more detailed set of directions are posted on Google Classroom. NO CALCULATORS! APES Summer Work: Basic Math Concepts Directions: Please complete the following to the best of your ability. No calculators allowed! Please round to the nearest 10th as appropriate. 1. Convert the following numbers into scientific notation. 16, 502 = _____________________________________ 0.0067 = _____________________________________ 0.015 = _____________________________________ 600 = _____________________________________ 3950 = _____________________________________ 0.222 = _____________________________________ 2. -
8.1 Basic Terms & Conversions in the Metric System 1/1000 X Base Unit M
___________________________________ 8.1 Basic Terms & Conversions in the Metric System ___________________________________ Basic Units of Measurement: •Meter (m) used to measure length. A little longer than a yard. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ •Kilogram (kg) used to measure mass. A little more than 2 pounds. ___________________________________ •Liter (l) used to measure volume. A little more than a quart. •Celsius (°C) used to measure temperature. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ch. 8 Angel & Porter (6th ed.) 1 The metric system is based on powers of 10 (the decimal system). ___________________________________ Prefix Symbol Meaning ___________________________________ kilo k 1000 x base unit ___________________________________ hecto h 100 x base unit deka da 10 x base unit ___________________________________ ——— ——— base unit deci d 1/10 x base unit ___________________________________ centi c 1/100 x base unit milli m 1/1000 x base unit ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ch. 8 Angel & Porter (6th ed.) 2 ___________________________________ Changing Units within the Metric System 1. To change from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the ___________________________________ decimal point in the original quantity one place to the for each larger unit of measurement until you obtain the desired unit of measurement. ___________________________________ 2. To change form a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point -
GNBS International System of Units Booklet
I Table of INTRODUCTION CONTENTS The purpose of this booklet Learn About... 3 is to enable Guyanese to become familiar with • Guyana National Bureau 3 the metric system and, in of Standards (GNBS). particular, the International System of Units or SI Units. With most of the world We Look to the Future using the metric system of 5 measurements, these SI • Why do we need 5 units are now an intrinsic Measurement Standards? part of our lives. • The Role of Measurements 6 The meat, flour, fruit and in our Daily Lives. vegetables we buy; the pills, tablets and capsules doctors prescribe; the distances vehicles cover and boats Learn More On... 7 sail and athletes run, as • What is the SI? 7 well as fabric bought for our garments to be made • Why use the SI? 8 from are all weighed and measured using SI units. Given this trend, Guyana Learn the Units 9 must fully embrace metric • What are the SI Units? 9 measurements. Thus, this booklet intends to promote • The Basics of the Metric 11 a culture in which Guyanese System in use everyday. not only “think metric” but also actively use the SI units - The Kilogram 11 in their everyday lives. II III - The Kilometre 13 Guyana National - The Litre 15 Bureau of learn Standards Using the Basic Units 17 about... • Converting between Units 17 (GNBS) • Temperature 18 The Guyana National Bureau of Standards (GNBS) operates under • Writing Dates 19 the Ministry of Tourism, Industry and commerce as a semi - • Writing Times 19 -autonomous governmental organization responsible for standards and quality in Guyana. -
Lesson 1: Length English Vs
Lesson 1: Length English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers 1 yard = 0.9444 meters English vs. Metric Units Which is longer? A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer 1 mile B. 1 yard or 1 meter C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter 1.6 kilometers 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 yard = 0.9444 meters Metric Units The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m. Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1∕299,792,458 of a second. Metric Units 1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters 1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm) 1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm) Which is larger? A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals. -
Misura E Strumenti Di Misura
® MISURA E STRUMENTI DI MISURA (G) MISURA: g = G : grandezza (numero) U(G) U(G) : unita' di misura di G Come si effettua la misura ? diretta MISURA indiretta confronto diretto con unita' di misura DIRETTA: (Grandezze omogenee) con strumento "tarato" es. : termometro, voltmetro ... INDIRETTA: dalla relazione fisica con altre grandezze es. : P = F/S STRUMENTO DI MISURA: dispositivo per determinare g 30 RIVELATORE: sensibile a grandezza da misurare (sollecitazione) TRASDUTTORE: trasforma sollecitazione STRUMENTO in grandezza facilmente misurabile VISUALIZZATORE: visualizza grandezza trasformata RIVELATORE: Mercurio Es. TERMOMETRO TRASDUTTORE: Mercurio + capillare VISUALIZZATORE: capillare + scala tarata RIVELATORE: bobina mobile in campo magnetico Es. AMPEROMETRO TRASDUTTORE: movimento bobina (rotazione ago) VISUALIZZATORE: posizione ago su scala "tarata" 31 CARATTERISTICHE STRUMENTO INTERVALLO FUNZ. (valore min-max grandezza) PRONTEZZA: tempo necessario per reagire alla sollecitazione τ τ = tempo caratteristico strumento τ (termometro) ~ secondi τ (oscilloscopio) ~ 10 -9 s SENSIBILITA`: ∆R(G) dR R(G): risposta S = = ∆V(G) dV V(G): valore grandezza se R lineare in V(G): S = cost. Altrimenti S funzione di V(G) (Ohmetro) Dimensioni : [G] -1 Es. Bilancia: S in DIV/mg 32 PRECISIONE: capacita' strumento a dare stessa risposta a stessa sollecitazione MISURE RIPETUTE (sensibilit : 1/∆g) N N g(G) g(G) ∆g GIUSTEZZA: assenza di effetti sistematici Difetto strumento (termometro: capillare a sezione variabile) Uso strumento in condizioni errate (regolo -
The Revised SI for the Kilogram
Out with the Old, in with the New: The Revised SI for the kilogram Aletta Karsten, Thapelo Mametja and Henk Potgieter [email protected] Outline • Background (SI and Revised SI) • What is SI units? • Why change? • How? • When? • South African perspective • Si sphere • Kibble Balance What is a SI unit? • The SI is defined by the SI Brochure, which is published by the BIPM. • The recommended practical system of units of measurement is the International System of Units (Système International d'Unités, with international abbreviation SI). • This SI consists of a set of base units, prefixes and derived units. • The SI is not static but evolves to match the world's increasingly demanding requirements for measurement. History of SI • First milestone • Creation of the decimal metric system at the time of the French Revolution • Deposition of two platinum standards representing the metre and the kilogram, on 22 June 1799, in the Archives de la République in Paris • Signing of the Metre Convention on 20 May 1875 • Created the BIPM and established the CGPM and the CIPM • Work began on the construction of new international prototypes of the metre and kilogram. • In 1889 the 1st CGPM sanctioned the international prototypes for the metre and the kilogram. • Together with the astronomical second as the unit of time, these units constituted a three-dimensional mechanical unit system similar to the CGS system, but with the base units metre, kilogram, and second, the MKS system. Changes in measurement standards (not new) Mass Redefinition of SI • Link to fundamental constants of nature • More accurate over time 1889 https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/rev-si/ Which units will be redefined? Why? • The revision of the SI will ensure that the SI continues to meet the needs of science, technology, and commerce in the 21st century. -
Scale on Paper Between Technique and Imagination. Example of Constant’S Drawing Hypothesis
S A J _ 2016 _ 8 _ original scientific article approval date 16 12 2016 UDK BROJEVI: 72.021.22 7.071.1 Констант COBISS.SR-ID 236416524 SCALE ON PAPER BETWEEN TECHNIQUE AND IMAGINATION. EXAMPLE OF CONSTANT’S DRAWING HYPOTHESIS A B S T R A C T The procedure of scaling is one of the elemental routines in architectural drawing. Along with paper as a fundamental drawing material, scale is the architectural convention that follows the emergence of drawing in architecture from the Renaissance. This analysis is questioning the scaling procedure through the position of drawing in the conception process. Current theoretical researches on architectural drawing are underlining the paradigm change that occurred as a sudden switch from handmade to computer generated drawing. This change consequently influenced notions of drawing materiality, relations to scale and geometry. Developing the argument of scaling as a dual action, technical and imaginative, Constant’s New Babylon drawing work is taken as an example to problematize the architect-project-object relational chain. Anđelka Bnin-Bninski KEY WORDS 322 Maja Dragišić University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SCALING PAPER DRAWING INHABITATION CONSTANT’S NEW BABYLON S A J _ 2016 _ 8 _ SCALE ON PAPER BETWEEN TECHNIQUE AND IMAGINATION. INTRODUCTION EXAMPLE OF CONSTANT’S DRAWING HYPOTHESIS This study intends to question the practice of scaling in architectural drawing as one of the elemental routines in the contemporary work of an architect. The problematization is built on the relation between an architect and the drawing process while examining the evolving role of drawing in the architectural profession. -
2.1 Definition of the SI
CCPR/16-53 Modifications to the Draft of the ninth SI Brochure dated 16 September 2016 recommended by the CCPR to the CCU via the CCPR president Takashi Usuda, Wednesday 14 December 2016. The text in black is a selection of paragraphs from the brochure with the section title for indication. The sentences to be modified appear in red. 2.1 Definition of the SI Like for any value of a quantity, the value of a fundamental constant can be expressed as the product of a number and a unit as Q = {Q} [Q]. The definitions below specify the exact numerical value of each constant when its value is expressed in the corresponding SI unit. By fixing the exact numerical value the unit becomes defined, since the product of the numerical value {Q} and the unit [Q] has to equal the value Q of the constant, which is postulated to be invariant. The seven constants are chosen in such a way that any unit of the SI can be written either through a defining constant itself or through products or ratios of defining constants. The International System of Units, the SI, is the system of units in which the unperturbed ground state hyperfine splitting frequency of the caesium 133 atom Cs is 9 192 631 770 Hz, the speed of light in vacuum c is 299 792 458 m/s, the Planck constant h is 6.626 070 040 ×1034 J s, the elementary charge e is 1.602 176 620 8 ×1019 C, the Boltzmann constant k is 1.380 648 52 ×1023 J/K, 23 -1 the Avogadro constant NA is 6.022 140 857 ×10 mol , 12 the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×10 hertz Kcd is 683 lm/W. -
Natural Units Conversions and Fundamental Constants James D
February 2, 2016 Natural Units Conversions and Fundamental Constants James D. Wells Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics (MCTP) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Abstract: Conversions are listed between basis units of natural units system where ~ = c = 1. Important fundamental constants are given in various equivalent natural units based on GeV, seconds, and meters. Natural units basic conversions Natural units are defined to give ~ = c = 1. All quantities with units then can be written in terms of a single base unit. It is customary in high-energy physics to use the base unit GeV. But it can be helpful to think about the equivalences in terms of other base units, such as seconds, meters and even femtobarns. The conversion factors are based on various combinations of ~ and c (Olive 2014). For example −25 1 = ~ = 6:58211928(15) × 10 GeV s; and (1) 1 = c = 2:99792458 × 108 m s−1: (2) From this we can derive several useful basic conversion factors and 1 = ~c = 0:197327 GeV fm; and (3) 2 11 2 1 = (~c) = 3:89379 × 10 GeV fb (4) where I have not included the error in ~c conversion but if needed can be obtained by consulting the error in ~. Note, the value of c has no error since it serves to define the meter, which is the distance light travels in vacuum in 1=299792458 of a second (Olive 2014). The unit fb is a femtobarn, which is 10−15 barns. A barn is defined to be 1 barn = 10−24 cm2. The prefexes letters, such as p on pb, etc., mean to multiply the unit after it by the appropropriate power: femto (f) 10−15, pico (p) 10−12, nano (n) 10−9, micro (µ) 10−6, milli (m) 10−3, kilo (k) 103, mega (M) 106, giga (G) 109, terra (T) 1012, and peta (P) 1015. -
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S. -
2019 Redefinition of SI Base Units
2019 redefinition of SI base units A redefinition of SI base units is scheduled to come into force on 20 May 2019.[1][2] The kilogram, ampere, kelvin, and mole will then be defined by setting exact numerical values for the Planck constant (h), the elementary electric charge (e), the Boltzmann constant (k), and the Avogadro constant (NA), respectively. The metre and candela are already defined by physical constants, subject to correction to their present definitions. The new definitions aim to improve the SI without changing the size of any units, thus ensuring continuity with existing measurements.[3][4] In November 2018, the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) unanimously approved these changes,[5][6] which the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) had proposed earlier that year.[7]:23 The previous major change of the metric system was in 1960 when the International System of Units (SI) was formally published. The SI is a coherent system structured around seven base units whose definitions are unconstrained by that of any other unit and another twenty-two named units derived from these base units. The metre was redefined in terms of the wavelength of a spectral line of a The SI system after the 2019 redefinition: krypton-86 radiation,[Note 1] making it derivable from universal natural Dependence of base unit definitions onphysical constants with fixed numerical values and on other phenomena, but the kilogram remained defined in terms of a physical prototype, base units. leaving it the only artefact upon which the SI unit definitions depend. The metric system was originally conceived as a system of measurement that was derivable from unchanging phenomena,[8] but practical limitations necessitated the use of artefacts (the prototype metre and prototype kilogram) when the metric system was first introduced in France in 1799.