Summer 2021 Edition of Aries
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Messier Objects
Messier Objects From the Stocker Astroscience Center at Florida International University Miami Florida The Messier Project Main contributors: • Daniel Puentes • Steven Revesz • Bobby Martinez Charles Messier • Gabriel Salazar • Riya Gandhi • Dr. James Webb – Director, Stocker Astroscience center • All images reduced and combined using MIRA image processing software. (Mirametrics) What are Messier Objects? • Messier objects are a list of astronomical sources compiled by Charles Messier, an 18th and early 19th century astronomer. He created a list of distracting objects to avoid while comet hunting. This list now contains over 110 objects, many of which are the most famous astronomical bodies known. The list contains planetary nebula, star clusters, and other galaxies. - Bobby Martinez The Telescope The telescope used to take these images is an Astronomical Consultants and Equipment (ACE) 24- inch (0.61-meter) Ritchey-Chretien reflecting telescope. It has a focal ratio of F6.2 and is supported on a structure independent of the building that houses it. It is equipped with a Finger Lakes 1kx1k CCD camera cooled to -30o C at the Cassegrain focus. It is equipped with dual filter wheels, the first containing UBVRI scientific filters and the second RGBL color filters. Messier 1 Found 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus, the Crab Nebula (known as M1) is a supernova remnant. The original supernova that formed the crab nebula was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Arab astronomers in 1054 AD as an incredibly bright “Guest star” which was visible for over twenty-two months. The supernova that produced the Crab Nebula is thought to have been an evolved star roughly ten times more massive than the Sun. -
Europe's Strategic Autonomy in Space, Through Space
Europe’s Strategic Autonomy in space, through space European Liberal Forum Discussion Paper No 6 | June 2021 POLICY PAPER No 6 | June 2021 Europe’s Strategic Autonomy in space, through space From the vantage point of Earth’s orbit in outer space, over the last 60 years we have learned to observe, to understand, to connect, and to protect our planet. We’re now able to monitor its environment, enforce policies, and enable our economies as well as their green and digital development while preserving the safety and security of our citizens. On Earth, investments in space industries and downstream sectors, depending on the space applications, are a recipe for cre- Piero Messina ating highly-skilled jobs, high-tech, and high-added-value business Senior Policy and and economic growth to ensure global European competitiveness. Strategy Officer Autonomy in space applications would be a means to allow Europe- Director General’s ans to remain masters of their data and secure Europe’s role in the world. This policy paper aims at summarising the role that mastering Services, European space technologies has played and will continue to play—not only Space Agency in the previous century but even more so in the 21st century—in the global and geo-political competition. liberalforum.eu 1 Europe’s Strategic Autonomy in space, through space European Liberal Forum Policy Paper No 6 | June 2021 Europe and Space The European Union is asserting its position as one of the most relevant global actors in an economic, industrial, and strategic sense with respect to the discussion about space strategy. -
A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Artist First Name Artist Last Name Müzeyyen Abika Emily M. Adams
Title Artist First Name Artist Last Name ZOOM MEETING OF PLANETS Müzeyyen Abika Apogalacticon Emily M. Adams A Light in the Dark Adrianna Allen Reach Dani Alvarez Friend Dani Alvarez Togetherness is encircled within the universe Daniel J. Andre To boldly go where no ring has gone before Daniel J. Andre STARS’ RESIDENTS Javier Andrés Guerrero Super Earth Marc Aronson Mineral Moon Adrianna Aszurkiewicz the oldest rock on Earth Jessica Barnes How Will It Be Different? Melinda Baumgartner We Adapt and Grow Melinda Baumgartner Dance of the Aurora Jana Becker Ring Nebula Jana Becker Kepler to Shirase Galen Bergsten 9 Planets Ring John Biagiotti 18k White Gold Cupola Pendant with Meteorite John Biagiotti Dawn of the Solar System Pendant John Biagiotti STRUCTURE 24 /WORMHOLE Claude Bidal STRUCTURE 7 Claude Bidal STRUCTURE 21 (crumpled world) Claude Bidal Back in the Briar Patch Earl Billick You Can't Call AAA Earl Billick Spectral Ascent Earl Billick Golden Record Katherine Bjelke Our eyes on the universe Katherine Bjelke Aurorae Katherine Bjelke Surface Miwa Block Afar Miwa Block Planes of Perception Adam Block Bright Eyes, Dark Skies: AZ Jane Bright Bright Eyes, Dark Skies: CO Jane Bright Jove Laci Brock Exoflora Laci Brock Atavachron: First Contact #1 Hans Brooymans Tycho Zarah Brown A Brilliant Visitor Zarah Brown VR Mars - Hartmann channels Lowell Lonny Buinis To the Sun CainCorner Zhurong Mars Rover Raymond Cassel OSIRIS REx Collecting a sample of the Asteroid Ben Ray Cassel One Giant Leap Raymond Cassel The Divine Council Jen Cham Nyota -
Section II: Summary of the Periodic Report on the State of Conservation, 2006
State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II workmanship, and setting is well documented. UNITED KINGDOM There are firm legislative and policy controls in place to ensure that its fabric and character and Maritime Greenwich setting will be preserved in the future. b) The Queen’s House by Inigo Jones and plans for Brief description the Royal Naval College and key buildings by Sir Christopher Wren as masterpieces of creative The ensemble of buildings at Greenwich, an genius (Criterion i) outlying district of London, and the park in which they are set, symbolize English artistic and Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren are scientific endeavour in the 17th and 18th centuries. acknowledged to be among the greatest The Queen's House (by Inigo Jones) was the first architectural talents of the Renaissance and Palladian building in England, while the complex Baroque periods in Europe. Their buildings at that was until recently the Royal Naval College was Greenwich represent high points in their individual designed by Christopher Wren. The park, laid out architectural oeuvres and, taken as an ensemble, on the basis of an original design by André Le the Queen’s House and Royal Naval College Nôtre, contains the Old Royal Observatory, the complex is widely recognised as Britain’s work of Wren and the scientist Robert Hooke. outstanding Baroque set piece. Inigo Jones was one of the first and the most skilled 1. Introduction proponents of the new classical architectural style in England. On his return to England after having Year(s) of Inscription 1997 travelled extensively in Italy in 1613-14 he was appointed by Anne, consort of James I, to provide a Agency responsible for site management new building at Greenwich. -
The Messier Catalog
The Messier Catalog Messier 1 Messier 2 Messier 3 Messier 4 Messier 5 Crab Nebula globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 6 Messier 7 Messier 8 Messier 9 Messier 10 open cluster open cluster Lagoon Nebula globular cluster globular cluster Butterfly Cluster Ptolemy's Cluster Messier 11 Messier 12 Messier 13 Messier 14 Messier 15 Wild Duck Cluster globular cluster Hercules glob luster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 16 Messier 17 Messier 18 Messier 19 Messier 20 Eagle Nebula The Omega, Swan, open cluster globular cluster Trifid Nebula or Horseshoe Nebula Messier 21 Messier 22 Messier 23 Messier 24 Messier 25 open cluster globular cluster open cluster Milky Way Patch open cluster Messier 26 Messier 27 Messier 28 Messier 29 Messier 30 open cluster Dumbbell Nebula globular cluster open cluster globular cluster Messier 31 Messier 32 Messier 33 Messier 34 Messier 35 Andromeda dwarf Andromeda Galaxy Triangulum Galaxy open cluster open cluster elliptical galaxy Messier 36 Messier 37 Messier 38 Messier 39 Messier 40 open cluster open cluster open cluster open cluster double star Winecke 4 Messier 41 Messier 42/43 Messier 44 Messier 45 Messier 46 open cluster Orion Nebula Praesepe Pleiades open cluster Beehive Cluster Suburu Messier 47 Messier 48 Messier 49 Messier 50 Messier 51 open cluster open cluster elliptical galaxy open cluster Whirlpool Galaxy Messier 52 Messier 53 Messier 54 Messier 55 Messier 56 open cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 57 Messier -
Record Delta Wave Hits Children
ARAB TIMES, SUNDAY, AUGUST 22, 2021 SCIENCE 11 Space China’s rover soldiers on Japan plans to bring Mars samples by ’29 TOKYO, Aug 21, (AP): Japan’s space agency plans to bring soil samples back from the Mars region ahead of the US and Chinese missions now operating on Mars, in hopes of fi nding clues to the planet’s origin and traces of pos- sible life. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA, plans to launch an explorer in 2024 to land on the Martian moon Phobos to collect 10 grams (0.35 ounce) of soil and bring it back to Earth in 2029. The rapid return trip would put Japan ahead of the United States and China in bringing back samples from the Martian region despite starting later, project manager Yasuhiro Kawakatsu said in an online news conference Thursday. NASA’s Perseverance rover is op- erating in a Mars crater where it is to collect 31 samples that are to be returned to Earth with help from the European Space Agency as early as 2031. China landed a spacecraft on Mars in May and plans to bring back samples around 2030. JAXA scientists believe about 0.1% of the surface soil on Phobos came from Mars, and 10 grams could contain about 30 granules, depend- Kawakatsu ing on the consistency of the soil, Kawakatsu said. Tomohiro Usui, professor at the Institute of Space and In this April 30, 2021, file image taken by the Mars Perseverance rover and made available by NASA, the Mars Ingenuity helicopter, (right), flies over the surface of Astronautical Science, said soil on Phobos is likely to be a the planet. -
Halley, Edmond He Was Assistant of the Secretaries of the Royal Soci- Ety, and from 1685 to 1693 He Edited the Philosoph- Born: November 8, 1656, in Haggerton, UK
Principia Mathematica, in 1686. From 1685 to 1696 Halley, Edmond he was assistant of the secretaries of the Royal Soci- ety, and from 1685 to 1693 he edited the Philosoph- Born: November 8, 1656, in Haggerton, UK. ical Transactions of the Royal Society. In 1698 he Died: January 14, 1742, in Greenwich, UK. was the frequent guest of Peter the Great, who was studying British shipbuilding in England. He was the Edmond Halley was a major English astronomer, technical adviser to Queen Anne in the War of Span- mathematician, and physicist, who was also ish Succession, and in 1702 and 1703 she sent him interested in demography, insurance mathematics on diplomatic missions to Europe to advise on the (see Actuarial Methods), geology, oceanography, fortification of seaports. geography, and navigation. Moreover, he was Between 1687 and 1720 Halley published papers considered an engineer and a social statistician whose on mathematics, ranging from geometry to the com- life was filled with the thrill of discovery. In 1705, putation of logarithms and trigonometric functions. he reasoned that the periodic comet – now known He also published papers on the computation of as Halley’s comet – that appeared in 1456, 1531, the focal length of thick lenses and on the calcu- 1607, and 1682, was the same comet that appears lation of trajectories in gunnery. In 1684 he studied every 76 years, and accurately predicted that it would tidal phenomena, and in 1686 he wrote an important appear again in December 1758. His most notable paper in geophysics about the trade winds and mon- achievements were his discoveries of the motion of soons. -
Deep Sky Explorer Atlas
Deep Sky Explorer Atlas Reference manual Star charts for the southern skies Compiled by Auke Slotegraaf and distributed under an Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Creative Commons license. Version 0.20, January 2009 Deep Sky Explorer Atlas Introduction Deep Sky Explorer Atlas Reference manual The Deep Sky Explorer’s Atlas consists of 30 wide-field star charts, from the south pole to declination +45°, showing all stars down to 8th magnitude and over 1 000 deep sky objects. The design philosophy of the Atlas was to depict the night sky as it is seen, without the clutter of constellation boundary lines, RA/Dec fiducial markings, or other labels. However, constellations are identified by their standard three-letter abbreviations as a minimal aid to orientation. Those wishing to use charts showing an array of invisible lines, numbers and letters will find elsewhere a wide selection of star charts; these include the Herald-Bobroff Astroatlas, the Cambridge Star Atlas, Uranometria 2000.0, and the Millenium Star Atlas. The Deep Sky Explorer Atlas is very much for the explorer. Special mention should be made of the excellent charts by Toshimi Taki and Andrew L. Johnson. Both are free to download and make ideal complements to this Atlas. Andrew Johnson’s wide-field charts include constellation figures and stellar designations and are highly recommended for learning the constellations. They can be downloaded from http://www.cloudynights.com/item.php?item_id=1052 Toshimi Taki has produced the excellent “Taki’s 8.5 Magnitude Star Atlas” which is a serious competitor for the commercial Uranometria atlas. His atlas has 149 charts and is available from http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~zs3t-tk/atlas_85/atlas_85.htm Suggestions on how to use the Atlas Because the Atlas is distributed in digital format, its pages can be printed on a standard laser printer as needed. -
Beijing's South China Sea Lawfare Strategy
Today’s News 15 May 2021 (Saturday) A. NAVY NEWS/COVID NEWS/PHOTOS Title Writer Newspaper Page 1 Missile boats boosting Navy capability D Tribune A3 2 Navy adapts, survives via virtual technology D Tribune B11 3 DOH rejects proposals to issue vaccine pass S Crisostomo P Star 6 B. NATIONAL HEADLINES Title Writer Newspaper Page 4 Phl to sign deal for 40M Pfizer doses J Clapano P Star 1 PNP Raps vs Red- N Semilla PDI A1 5 tagged ‘Lumad’ helpers junked C. NATIONAL SECURITY Title Writer Newspaper Page 6 Duterte won’t pul ul out PH vessels in K Calayag M Times A2 disputed sea 7 Chinese envoys says Phl, China ‘properly H Flores P Star 2 handled’ sea dispute 8 Signature drive asks Rody retract statement H Flores P Star 2 9 Only China to blame for PH loss of Panatag, C Avendano PDI A9 says ex-DFA chief 10 DU30: Opposition hot sea row but not L Salaverria PDI A2 helping vs virus 11 Duterte invites Enrile to shed light WPS M Bulletin 1 issue 12 Rody vows no Phl ship to leave WPS D Tribune 1 13 Pangilinan: WPS issue is no joking matter J Esmael M Times 1 14 Duterte won’t pull out PH vessels in disputed K Calayag M Times A1 sea 15 Ex-envoy: Stop ‘blame game’ start enforcing R Requejo M Standard A1 Hague ruling 16 Rody puts China on notice V Barcelo M Standard A1 17 ‘Roque’s WPS remarks don’t reflect PH M Standard A4 policy 18 Why Philippines is important to China E Banawis M Standard B1 19 Duterte ‘di paatrasin ang 2 barko kahit M Escudero Ngayon 2 patayin ng China 20 PDU30 sa Tsina: Barko ng Pinas ‘di ko M Escudero PM 2 iaatras, patayin mo man ako 21 Presidenteng ‘nakakapuwing’ at may pusong J Umali PM 3 David 22 WPS patrols P Tonight 4 23 Arbitral award, just a piece of paper? C Sorita P Tonight 4 24 Use of diplomacy on WPS issue urged P Tonight 10 25 ‘I won’t allow PH to join any war with US’: P Tonight 6 Duterte D. -
MESSIER 18 OR M18 OPEN CLUSTER M18 (Also Designated NGC 6613) Is an Open Cluster of Stars in the Constellation Sagittarius. It W
MESSIER 18 OR M18 OPEN CLUSTER M18 (also designated NGC 6613) is an open cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 and included in his list of comet-like objects. From the perspective of Earth, M18 is situated between the Omega Nebula (M17) and the Sagittarius Star Cloud (M24). Its age is estimated at 32 million years. It is 4,900 light-years away. OBSERVATION DATA (J2000.0 EPOCH) Right ascension 18h 19.9m Declination -17° 08' Distance 4.9 kly (1.5 kPc) The small smattering of bright blue stars upper left of centre in this huge Apparent magnitude (V) 7.5 615 megapixel ESO image is the perfect cosmic laboratory in which to Apparent dimensions (V) 9.0' study the life and death of stars. Known as Messier 18 this open star Radius 9 ly cluster contains stars that formed together from the same massive cloud Estimated age 32 million years of gas and dust. This image was captured by the OmegaCAM camera Other designations NGC 6613 attached to the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) located at ESO's Paranal Observatory in Chile LOCATING MESSIER 18: Because Messier 18 is nothing more than a small collection of stars which are slightly brighter than the background Milky Way stars, it isn’t easy to distinguish it using binoculars or a finder-scope if you’ve never seen it before. One of the most sure ways of locating it is to become familiar with Messier 17 and simply aim a couple of degrees (about a field of view) south. -
The Royal Observatory Greenwich, Its History and Work
xiSS* i&S* cO^' <py" cjs- D/^ (&?* oiV* T v. v. > v JHDER-f^a-s {^m b#tt+j+jiLe.. ASTRONOMY LIBRARY WELLESLEY COLLEGE LIBRARY PRESENTED Br ^SOScj Wise fearing leajtefh to hlqkev levels. ana to farmer shores -w^vcwwv OC^^U- trfrJLtst** - ^JfU^CL^^y y i^rt>^- V FLAMSTEED, THE FIRST ASTRONOMER ROYAL. {From the portrait in the ' Historia Ccelestis .') THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY GREENWICH A GLANCE AT ITS HISTORY AND WORK EY E. WALTER MAUNDER, F.R.A.S. WITH MANY PORTRAITS AXD ILLUSTRATIONS FROM OLD PRINTS AND ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS LONDON THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56 Paternoster Row, and 65 St. Paul's Churchyard 1900 i*\So t> LONDON" : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. ^HA 92 PREFACE I WAS present on one occasion at a popular lecture delivered in Greenwich, when the lecturer referred to the way in which so many English people travel to the ends of the earth in order to see interesting or wonderful places, and yet entirely neglect places of at least equal importance in their own land. 1 Ten minutes' walk from this hall,' he said, ' is Greenwich Observatory, the most famous observatory in the world. Most of you see it every day of your lives, and yet I dare say that not one in a hundred of you has ever been inside.' Whether the lecturer was justified in the general scope of his stricture or not, the particular instance he selected was certainly unfortunate. It was not the fault of the majority of his audience that they had not entered Greenwich Observatory, since the regulations by which it is governed forbade them doing so.