3.1.3.2.3.01. Report Template

Whyalla Solar Farm Baseline Ecological Report

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report Whyalla Solar Farm - Baseline Ecological Report

31 January 2017 FINAL

Prepared by EBS Ecology for LBW | ep

Document Control

Revision No. Date issued Authors Reviewed by Date Reviewed Revision type 1 03/11/2016 EBS EBS 02/11/2016 Draft 2 29/11/2016 EBS EBS 28/11/2016 Draft 3 12/12/2016 EBS EBS 09/12/2016 Final 4 31/01/2017 EBS EBS 31/01/2017 Final

Distribution of Copies

Revision No. Date issued Media Issued to

1 03/11/2016 Electronic Tegan Stehbens, LBW | ep

2 29/11/2016 Electronic Tegan Stehbens, LBW | ep

3 12/12/2016 Electronic Maria Pedicini, LBW | ep

4 31/01/2017 Electronic Maria Pedicini, LBW | ep

EBS Ecology Project Number: E60606

COPYRIGHT: Use or copying of this document in whole or in part (including photographs) without the written permission of EBS Ecology’s client and EBS Ecology constitutes an infringement of copyright.

LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of EBS Ecology’s client, and is subject to and issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between EBS Ecology and its client. EBS Ecology accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party.

CITATION: EBS Ecology (2017) Whyalla Solar Farm - Baseline Ecological Report. Report to LBW | ep. EBS Ecology, Adelaide.

Cover photograph: Whyalla Solar Farm Project Site.

EBS Ecology 3/119 Hayward Avenue Torrensville, South Australia 5031 t: 08 7127 5607 http://www.ebsecology.com.au email: [email protected]

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATION OF TERMS

BDBSA Biological Databases of South Australia

DEWNR Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources

DOE Department of the Environment, referred to now as DotEE

DotEE Department of the Environment and Energy

EBS EBS Ecology

EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972

NRM Act Natural Resources Management Act 2004

NV Act Native Vegetation Act 1991

NVC Native Vegetation Council

SEB Significant Environmental Benefit ssp. Subspecies spp. species (plural)

TEC Threatened ecological community

iii

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EBS Ecology was commissioned by LBW | ep to complete a baseline ecological report on a 396.5 ha parcel of land situated north of Whyalla, for a proposed solar farm. The baseline ecological survey was conducted by EBS Field Ecologist’s on the site from 26 September to 1 October 2016.

Two vegetation associations were recorded within the project area and are summarised below. The area contains predominately intact plant communities, with good-high diversity values for the area. No vegetation communities of conservation significance were observed. A total of 86 flora species were recorded across the project area. Seventy of the species recorded were native and 14 species were weed species. No EPBC or state listed species were recorded during the survey. Out of the 14 weed species found on site, the dominant weed was Carrichtera annua (Ward’s Weed); a single Prickly Pear (Opuntia sp.) was recorded on the access road.

A total of nine mammal species were recorded across the project area. This included four bat species and one native mouse. Five reptile species were also recorded from the survey. No mammal or reptile species of national or State conservation significance were identified from the survey. A total of 39 bird species and 407 individuals were identified across the project area. One species of national significance, the Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) (Amytornis textilis myall) and one of State significance, the Slender- billed Thornbill (western subspecies) (Acanthiza iredalei iredalei) were recorded.

The Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) was observed opportunistically on the site, in groups of two and six, on 30 September and 1 October 2016, respectively. These observations were within chenopod shrublands on site, not within the access corridor. Both of the habitat associations present on site are representative of the habitat types that Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) use most often. At present, given the vegetation communities present on site, their high quality, and that they form the preferred habitat for Western Grasswrens, the entire proposed site holds potential habitat for the species. More information needs to be obtained with regard to the Western Grasswren to determine potential impact within a regional context.

A total of nine individuals of the Slender-billed Thornbill were observed at the site during the survey. This species is listed as rare from a State significance perspective; it is estimated that the South Australian population consists of at least 30 000 birds. More information needs to be obtained to provide further insight into the extent of habitat usage by this species on site.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Objectives ...... 1 1.2 Project area ...... 1

2 COMPLIANCE AND LEGISLATIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 2.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth) ...... 3 2.2 Native Vegetation Act 1991 (SA) ...... 4 2.3 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (SA) ...... 4 2.4 Natural Resources Management Act 2004 (SA) ...... 5

3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...... 6 3.1 Property description and previous land use ...... 6 3.2 Environmental setting ...... 6 3.2.1 IBRA Associations ...... 6 3.2.2 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) Vegetation Floristics ...... 7 3.2.3 Climate ...... 9 3.2.4 Previous surveys conducted ...... 9

4 METHODS ...... 11 4.1 Database searches ...... 11 4.2 Limitations ...... 11 4.3 Field survey ...... 12 4.3.1 Flora ...... 12 4.3.2 Fauna ...... 12 4.4 Limitations ...... 13

5 RESULTS ...... 18 5.1 Matters of National Environmental significance ...... 18 5.1.1 Threatened ecological communities ...... 18 5.1.2 Threatened flora ...... 18 5.3 Field survey ...... 30 5.3.1 Vegetation associations ...... 30 5.3.2 Flora ...... 35 5.3.3 Weeds ...... 37 5.3.4 Fauna ...... 38

6 REFERENCES ...... 42

7 APPENDICES ...... 43

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

List of Tables

Table 1. IBRA bioregion, subregion, and environmental association environmental landscape summary...... 6 Table 2. Assessment criteria for the condition of vegetation communities (adapted from Stokes et al. 1998 and DWLBC 2005)...... 14 Table 3. Matters of National environmental significance...... 18 Table 4. Threatened flora species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area...... 19 Table 5. Threatened fauna species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area...... 19 Table 6. Threatened fauna species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area...... 21 Table 7. Threatened flora species identified from the BDBSA search...... 23 Table 8. Threatened fauna species identified from the BDBSA search...... 25 Table 9. Introduced flora species identified from the BDBSA search...... 27 Table 10. Weather conditions for the field survey...... 30 Table 11. Vegetation association 1...... 31 Table 12. Vegetation association 2...... 32 Table 13. Flora species found within the project area...... 35 Table 14. Fauna recorded within the project area...... 38 Table 15. Bird species recorded within the project area...... 39

List of Figures Figure 1. Location of the proposed Whyalla Solar Farm (note: there may be slight inaccuracies between the shapefile used as part of the HA area and the finalised HA)...... 2 Figure 2. DEWNR Vegetation Floristics (dominant species) of the Whyalla project area...... 8 Figure 3. Mean rainfall and Mean maximum temperature for Whyalla...... 9 Figure 4. Flora site assessment – areas investigated either on foot or vehicle...... 16 Figure 5. Location of fauna sites within the project area...... 17 Figure 6. BDBSA threatened flora records within a 10km radius of the project area...... 24 Figure 7. BDBSA threatened fauna records within a 10km radius of the project area...... 26 Figure 8. Weed species mapped to within 2km of the project area (source BDBSA 2016)...... 29 Figure 9. Representation photo of Association 1...... 31 Figure 10. Representation photo of Association 2...... 32 Figure 11. Vegetation associations and SEB scores for the project area...... 33 Figure 12. Vegetation associations and SEB scores for the corridor area...... 34 Figure 13. Location of threatened bird observations within the project area...... 41

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 1 INTRODUCTION

EBS Ecology was commissioned by LBW | ep to complete a Baseline Ecological Report on a 396.5 ha parcel of land situated north of Whyalla, for a proposed solar farm.

1.1 Objectives

The objectives of the project were to:

 Research any threatened species that were identified to better understand their habitat and determine if they are likely to occur within the project area;

 Review relevant literature and existing spatial data;

 Conduct a flora and fauna survey which included recording vegetation associations, flora species present, vegetation condition, location of threatened flora species (if present), determining the location of areas which should be avoided, identify areas of weed infestations, fauna species observed and potential habitat for fauna;

 Assess any species of national, state or local conservation significance known or likely to occur within the project area and determine possible impacts of the project on these species;

 Produce a technical report, presenting the results of background research and the field survey including vegetation descriptions, potential impacts to native vegetation, a summary of flora and fauna species known to or likely to occur in the area (including pest plants and animals) and descriptions on species and environmental areas of significance.

1.2 Project area

The project area is located 5km north of Whyalla. The northern boundary of the site is the Whyalla Conservation Park; the Lincoln Highway is situated to the east. The access road to the south adjoins the Whyalla Industrial Area to the south (Figure 1). The Mount Laura Heritage Agreement Area is adjacent to the Whyalla Solar Farm project; this is an outline of the whole of the Heritage Agreement (HA) area and includes areas that are not contained in the HA, such as easements (Figure 1).

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 1. Location of the proposed Whyalla Solar Farm (note: there may be slight inaccuracies between the shapefile used as part of the HA area and the finalised HA).

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 2 COMPLIANCE AND LEGISLATIVE SUMMARY

2.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwth)

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places – defined in the Act as ‘matters of national environmental significance’. The eight matters of national environmental significance protected under the Act are:

 World Heritage properties  National Heritage places  wetlands of international importance (listed under the Ramsar Convention)  listed threatened species and ecological communities

 migratory species protected under international agreements  Commonwealth marine areas  the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park  Nuclear actions (including uranium mines).

Any action that has, will have, or is likely to have a significant impact on matters of national environmental significance requires referral under the EPBC Act. Substantial penalties apply for undertaking an action that has, will have or is likely to have significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance without approval.

The EPBC Act Significant Impact Guidelines provide overarching guidance on determining whether an action is likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance. In terms of nationally threatened species, the guidelines define an action as likely to have a significant impact if there is a real chance or possibility that it will:

 lead to a long term decrease in the population  reduce the area of occupancy of the species  fragment an existing population  adversely affect critical habitat  disrupt breeding cycles

 modify, destroy, remove, isolate or decrease the availability or quality of habitat to the extent that the species is likely to decline

 result in the establishment of invasive species that are harmful to the species  introduce disease that may cause the species to decline  interfere with the recovery of the species.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 2.2 Native Vegetation Act 1991 (SA)

The Native Vegetation Act 1991 (NV Act) provides protection for native vegetation in South Australia and sets out a process for applying to clear vegetation. The Native Vegetation Regulations 2003 allow certain clearance activities to be exempt from the Act. When assessing an application to clear native vegetation, the NVC considers the principles of clearance as set out in the Act, except where the vegetation has been considered exempt under the Native Vegetation Regulations 2003. The Native Vegetation (Credit for Environmental Benefits) Regulations 2015 relate to Credit and Third Party SEB Offsets and the SEB Register. This project is considered to be relevant under exemption 5(1)(b).

Pursuant to Section 27(1)(b) of the Act, native vegetation may, subject to any other Act or law to the contrary, be cleared if— (i) — (A) the clearance is incidental to the construction or expansion of a building or infrastructure and the Minister has, by instrument in writing, declared that he or she is satisfied that the clearance is in the public interest; or (B) the clearance is required in connection with the provision of infrastructure or services to a building or proposed building, or to any place; and (ii) any development authorisation required by or under the Development Act 1993 has been obtained; and (iii) the Council is satisfied (on the basis of information provided to the Council by the person seeking the benefit of this paragraph and such other information as the Council thinks fit) that, after taking into account the need to preserve biological diversity and the nature and purposes of any proposed building or infrastructure that is yet to be constructed, the proposed site of the building or infrastructure is the most suitable that is available; and

(iv) the Council is satisfied (on the basis of information provided to the Council by the person seeking the benefit of this paragraph and such other information as the Council thinks fit) that, there is no other practicable alternative that would involve no clearance or the clearance of less vegetation or the clearance of vegetation that is less significant or (if relevant) the clearance of vegetation that has been degraded to a greater extent than the vegetation proposed to be cleared.

2.3 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (SA)

Vascular plants and vertebrate animals (e.g. mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) are protected in South Australia under the threatened species schedules of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act): Schedule 7 (endangered species), Schedule 8 (vulnerable species) and Schedule 9 (rare species). The criteria used to define threatened species in South Australia are generally based on categories and definitions from the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

The current schedules do not include non-vascular plants, fish, insects, butterflies, spiders, scorpions and other invertebrates, fungi and other life forms which do not have a current legal conservation status in South Australia.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

South Australian freshwater and marine fish, some marine invertebrates and crustaceans are protected under the Fisheries Management Act 2007. Some of these species have been identified as threatened and recommended for listing under the NPW Act but currently do not have a legal conservation status.

Under the NPW Act, persons must not:

 take a native plant on a reserve, wilderness protection area, wilderness protection zone, land reserved for public purposes, a forest reserve or any other Crown land  take a native plant of a prescribed species on private land  take a native plant on private land without the consent of the owner (such plants may also be covered by the Native Vegetation Act 1991)

 take a protected animal or the eggs of a protected animal without approval  keep protected animals unless authorised to do so

 use poison to kill a protected animal without approval.

2.4 Natural Resources Management Act 2004 (SA)

Under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 (NRM Act), landholders have a legal responsibility to manage declared pest plants and animals and prevent land and water degradation.

Key components under the Act include the establishment of regional Natural Resource Management (NRM) Boards and development of regional NRM Plans; the ability to control water use through prescription, allocations and restrictions; requirement to control declared pest plants and animals, and activities that might result in land degradation.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

3.1 Property description and previous land use

The landforms vary from outwash plains to the north and east and incorporate rocky rounded hills in the south west section; the foothills and outwash plains contain numerous drainage depressions and ephemeral watercourses which predominately flow to the east across the outwash plains (Bebbington 2007).

Historically the area was utilised for limited stock grazing followed by the purchase of the land by BHP as a buffer zone and a stormwater harvesting project for re-use in the smelter. During the period of BHP ownership, the proposed conservation area was utilised by off road vehicles (ORV’s) which has left a legacy of eroding tracks predominately in the south-western area (Bebbington 2007). Ownership of Allotment 2 was transferred by Onesteel to the Corporation of the City of Whyalla in 2003.

The project area has previously been proposed as the Mount Laura set aside area (Lot 2 DP 56203 Hundred of Cultana), and was classified by Larry Bebbington in 2007 as Remnant (more or less intact in structure, composition and diversity). Following settlement, clearance and disturbances have been restricted to stormwater drainage systems and the network of ORV tracks, which have confined impacts and have not altered the overall plant associations or the biodiversity of the area on a landscape scale (Bebbington 2007). Back in 1938, the BHP Barson Water Catchment Scheme, impacted on Low Open Woodland in the lower southern sections of the then proposed set aside area (Bebbington 2007); the Chenopod Low Shrubland that has regenerated, does not represent the historical plant communities (Bebbington 2007).

3.2 Environmental setting

Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA) is a landscape based approach to classifying the land surface across a range of environmental attributes, which is used to assess and plan for the protection of biodiversity (DoE 2012). Land is classified into bioregions, which is further divided into subregions, and then environmental associations. The project area falls within the Gawler IBRA Region and Myall Plains IBRA sub-region (Table 1).

3.2.1 IBRA Associations

Table 1. IBRA bioregion, subregion, and environmental association environmental landscape summary.

Gawler IBRA bioregion

Semi-arid to arid, flat topped to broadly rounded hills of the Gawler Range Volcanics and Proterozoic sediments, low plateaux on sandstone and quartzite with an undulating surface of aeolian sand or gibbers and rocky quartzite hills with colluvial footslopes, erosional and depositional plains and salt encrusted lake beds, with black oak (belah) and myall low open woodlands, open mallee scrub, bluebush/saltbush open chenopod shrublands and tall mulga shrublands on shallow loams, calcareous earths and hard red duplex soils.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Myall Plains IBRA subregion

Gently undulating calcrete plains and occasional quartzite or granite hills. Includes a zone of salt lakes and gypsum dunes at Lake Gillies and steep strike ranges at the Middleback Ranges. To the east out cropping conglomerate occurs with mangrove flats along the coastal margin. Acacia papyrocarpa/Casuarina pauper low woodland is found on grey brown calcareous earths, red calcareous earths and dense brown loams on the plains. Rocky outcrops support Eucalyptus incrassata/Melaleuca uncinata open scrub and Allocasuarina verticillata low woodland on dense brown loams. The lowest areas support chenopod shrubland of Halosarcia halocnemoides on grey calcareous loams. Light grazing occurs in most areas.

Remnant Approximately 97% (1050684 ha) of the subregion is mapped as remnant native vegetation, vegetation of which 8% (86146ha) is formally conserved

Landform Gently undulating calcrete plains and occasional hills. Includes a zone of salt lakes and gypsum dunes at Lake Gillies and steep strike ranges at the Middleback Ranges.

Geology Red calcareous earths, Sandy soils with mottled yellow clayey subsoils

Soil Assumed native vegetation cover

Conservation 59 species of threatened fauna, 40 species of threatened flora. significance 4 wetlands of national significance.

3.2.2 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) Vegetation Floristics

Mapping of vegetation floristics by DEWNR show that the project area has been previously mapped as Acacia papyrocarpa woodland, Atriplex vesicaria ssp. (mixed) shrubland and Maireana sedifolia shrubland (Figure 2).

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 2. DEWNR Vegetation Floristics (dominant species) of the Whyalla project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 3.2.3 Climate

Figure 3 shows the mean rainfall and maximum temperature range for Whyalla, for the year to date (created 13 October 2016). The month of September, when the field survey was undertaken, recorded the second highest mean rainfall for the year.

Figure 3. Mean rainfall and Mean maximum temperature for Whyalla.

3.2.4 Previous surveys conducted

There are several reports that have been produced from survey work completed either at the site or within similar habitat of the Whyalla region. These have been reviewed by EBS Ecology, as part of the background research for this project:

 AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) 2012. Flora and vegetation communities existing conditions report. Report prepared for Arafura Resources Limited, Revision 4, 14 December 2012.

 AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) 2013. Fauna and fauna habitats existing conditions report. Report prepared for Arafura Resources Limited, Revision 4, 15 January 2013.

 Bebbington, L. 2007. Mt Laura Conservation Reserve –Native Vegetation Management Plan. Report prepared for the City of Whyalla by Larry Bebbington (Port Lincoln Habitat and Land Management Consultant), December 2007.

 Bebbington, L. 2007. Vegetation Assessment of Allotment 2 DP 56203 Hundred of Cultana and Randell –City of Whyalla. Report prepared for the City of Whyalla by Larry Bebbington (Port Lincoln Habitat and Land Management Consultant), January 2007.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

 Ecological Horizons (2012) Fauna survey of the proposed OneSteel IronKnob extended mining area. Report prepared for OneSteel by Ecological Horizons Pty Ltd, March 2012. This survey was for the proposed mining expansion area adjacent to the current Iron Knob mine site, situated 50 km north of Whyalla. It contains similar habitat to the project area with records for both Western Grasswren and Slender-billed Thornbill.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 4 METHODS

4.1 Database searches

A Protected Matters Report was generated on 16 September 2016 to identify matters of national environmental significance under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) that may occur or may have suitable habitat occurring within the project area. A buffer of 10 km was applied for this search (DotEE 2016).

A Biological Database of South Australia (BDBSA) search was obtained from the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) on 8 August 2016, to identify any flora and fauna species previously recorded within and around the project area (DEWNR 2016). The BDBSA is comprised of an integrated collection of corporate databases which meet DEWNR standards for data quality, integrity and maintenance. In addition to DEWNR biological data the BDBSA also includes data from partner organisations (Birds Australia, Birds SA, Australasian Wader Study Group, SA Museum, and other State Government Agencies). This data is included under agreement with the partner organisation for ease of distribution but they remain owners of the data and should be contacted directly for further information.

Existing spatial datasets, relevant literature, aerial imagery and previous survey information, where relevant, were reviewed. Satellite imagery was used to determine the general spread of vegetation on site, which was then used as a basis for ground truthing during the field survey.

This information was used to build a picture of:

1 native vegetation cover within the project area and immediate surrounds; 2 previous survey effort in the area; 3 vegetation associations present (including associations of significance) and their condition and 4 flora and fauna species (including species of national or state conservation significance known or likely to occur in the area.

Any threatened species previously recorded within the area, or highlighted as potentially occurring in the area, were researched (if necessary) to determine whether suitable habitat for these species exists within the project area.

4.2 Limitations

BDBSA flora and fauna records were limited to a 10 km buffer around the project area. The reliability of the BDBSA data ranges from 100 m to over 100 km. Fauna species, in particular birds, also have the ability to traverse distances in excess of 20 km. It is also acknowledged that the presence of species may not be adequately represented by database records. Hence the BDBSA results may not highlight all threatened flora and fauna species that may occur in the area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 4.3 Field survey

The flora and fauna field assessment was conducted by EBS Field Ecologist’s from 26 September to 1 October 2016.

4.3.1 Flora

Vegetation data was collected as per the requirements under the Native Vegetation Act 1991. These activities included recording vegetation associations, flora species present, vegetation condition, determining the location of areas which should be avoided and identifying areas of weed infestations. Data required to produce a Significant Environmental Benefit (SEB) score for the proposed project area was also collected. The SEB score is adapted from Stokes et al. (1998) and Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) (2005). This is based on the assessment criteria for the condition of vegetation communities (Table 2).

Along with the condition scoring criteria, the SEB score can be subject to a threatened species habitat scaling. The presence of an EPBC listed species supports the ‘seriously at variance’ with Principle 1(b) wildlife habitat under the Native Vegetation Act 1991. If clearance is considered seriously at variance with any Native Vegetation Act clearance principle a minimum of 8:1 applies. The minimum of 8:1 would apply to the whole area that provides habitat for a threatened species, even if a lower offset ratio may otherwise apply (e.g. if the area was highly degraded). NVC also has a policy regarding the presence of EPBC listed species, which requires that the final SEB area be increased by 50% if an EPBC listed endangered species occurs. An assessment of potential habitat for threatened flora species was also undertaken.

The project area was searched by vehicle and by foot; Figure 4 shows a track log of where this occurred across the site. To gain a broad understanding of vegetation associations and condition across the project area, broad vegetation mapping was completed rather than undertaking transects.

4.3.2 Fauna

A total of four survey sites were established as part of the survey. Two were situated within Chenopod Shrubland associations and two within Low Open Woodland (Figure 5).

Selecting four sites was based on establishing a good spread of sites representative of the main vegetation associations within the project area. The survey methodologies were based on the DEWNR Guidelines for Vertebrate Surveys in SA. At each site, the following was implemented:

 Six temporary pitfall traps connected by a 60m long drift fence;

 Fifteen (15) Elliott traps;

 Four funnel traps;

 Two cage traps;

 Active searching on one hour per site;

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

 Point count bird surveys (1hr combined am and pm);

 Remote cameras were set up opportunely; and

 Anabat detectors were set up opportunely.

Any fauna species observed or captured opportunistically were recorded for the duration of the survey. An assessment of potential habitat for threatened fauna species was also undertaken.

Bird surveys were undertaken in the early morning and late afternoon when birds were most active. The bird survey was undertaken by traversing the project area and identifying areas of high activity / habitat value. An assessment of potential habitat for threatened species, in particular the Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) (Amytornis textilis myall) and Slender-billed Thornbill (Acanthiza iredalei iredalei), was also undertaken.

4.4 Limitations

Weather conditions during the survey impeded the number of trapping nights of the survey. Two sites were trapped for four nights, while two sites were only trapped for three nights. The storm resulted in 19.4mm of rain, therefore traps were closed for one night.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna AssessmentBaseline Ecological Report

Table 2. Assessment criteria for the condition of vegetation communities (adapted from Stokes et al. 1998 and DWLBC 2005). % SEB Overstorey condition Understorey condition Condition indigenous Indicators NVC Interim Policy (1.2.11) ratio description description cover Very Poor 0:1 <10% No overstorey stratum remaining. Complete destruction of Vegetation structure no longer Where proposed clearance is indigenous understorey* (by intact (e.g. removal of one or considered to be minor and of grazing &/or introduced plants). more vegetation strata). limited biodiversity impact, Scope for regeneration, but e.g. lopping of overhanging not to a state approaching limbs only or minor clearance good condition without of shrubs in areas otherwise intensive management. considered as highly Dominated by very aggressive disturbed. weeds. Partial or extensive 1:1 10-19% Scattered trees in poor health Almost complete destruction of Where proposed clearance is clearing (> 50% of area). and/or representing an immature indigenous understorey* (by in areas dominated by stand. grazing &/or introduced plants) - Evidence of heavy grazing introduced species, the area reduced to scattered clumps and (tracks, browse lines, species of native vegetation is largely 2:1 20-29% Scattered trees either immature in changes, complete depletion individual plants. reduced to scattered trees, good health or mature in of soil surface crust). poor/moderate health. indigenous understorey reduced to scattered clumps Alternatively, the dominant and individual plants. overstorey stratum is largely intact and is an immature stand (or regrowth), and is generally in poor health. Poor 3:1 30-39% Dominant overstorey stratum is Heavy loss of native plant Vegetation structure Where the proposed largely intact and is a moderately species (by grazing &/or substantially altered (e.g. one clearance is of mostly intact healthy mature stand. introduced plants). The or more vegetation strata overstorey vegetation but understorey* consists depleted). Retains basic there is still considerable predominately of alien species, vegetation structure or the weed infestation amongst the 4:1 40-49% Dominant overstorey stratum is although a small number of ability to regenerate it. Very understorey flora. largely intact and is a healthy natives persist. obvious signs of long-term or mature stand with high wildlife severe disturbance. Weed habitat value (e.g. hollows). dominated with some very aggressive weeds. Partial clearing (10 – 50% of area). Evidence of moderate grazing (tracks, browse lines, soil surface crust extensively broken). Moderate 5:1 50-59% Dominant overstorey stratum is Moderate loss of native Vegetation structure altered Where the proposed largely intact – any condition+ understorey diversity. Weed-free (e.g. one or more vegetation clearance is of mostly intact

Whyalla Flora and Fauna AssessmentBaseline Ecological Report

% SEB Overstorey condition Understorey condition Condition indigenous Indicators NVC Interim Policy (1.2.11) ratio description description cover areas small. Substantial strata depleted). Most seed overstorey vegetation with invasion of aliens resulting in sources available to moderate but not severe weed significant competition, but regenerate original structure. infestation amongst the native understorey* persists; for Obvious signs of disturbance understorey flora. Clearance example, may be a low (e.g. tracks, bare ground). is not seriously at variance proportion of native species and Minor clearing (<10% of area). with the Principles. a high native cover, or a high Considerable weed infestation proportion of native species and with some aggressive weeds. low native cover. Evidence of some grazing (tracks, soil surface crust 6:1 60-69% Dominant overstorey stratum is Moderate but not severe weed patchy). largely intact – any condition+ infestation amongst the understorey flora. Good 7:1 70-79% Original overstorey stratum is still Understorey only slightly Vegetation structure intact Where the proposed dominant and intact – any modified. High proportion of (e.g. all strata intact). clearance is of mostly intact condition+ native species and native cover Disturbance minor, only overstorey and understorey in the understorey*; reasonable affecting individual species. vegetation, weed infestation is representation of probable pre- Only non-aggressive weeds moderate to low, but the European vegetation. present. Some litter build-up. original vegetation is still dominant. Clearance is 8:1 80-89% Original overstorey stratum is still Understorey only slightly dominant and intact – any modified. High proportion of assessed by the NVC to be at variance with the Principles. condition+ native species and native cover in the understorey*; reasonable representation of probable pre- European vegetation. Excellent 9:1 > 89% Original vegetation is still Diverse vegetation with very All strata intact and botanical Where the proposed dominant and intact. Overstorey little weed composition close to original. clearance is of diverse individuals in good condition and infestation.Understorey largely Little or no signs of vegetation with very little represent a mature stand. undisturbed, minimal loss of disturbance. Little or no weed weed infestation. Clearance is plant species diversity. Very little infestation. assessed by the NVC to be 10:1 Original vegetation is still dominant and intact. Overstorey or no sign of alien vegetation in Soil surface crust intact. seriously at variance with the the understorey*; resembles Principles. individuals in good condition and Substantial litter cover. probable pre-European represent a mature stand, with high habitat value (e.g. hollows). condition. * Or all strata if the upper and lower strata are difficult to distinguish. + Ratio assessment will largely depend upon condition of understorey associated with an intact overstorey stratum. Adapted from Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia (Stokes et al. 1998) and Guidelines for a Native Vegetation Significant Environmental Benefit Policy (DWLBC 2005)

Whyalla Flora and Fauna AssessmentBaseline Ecological Report

Figure 4. Flora site assessment – areas investigated either on foot or vehicle.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna AssessmentBaseline Ecological Report

Figure 5. Location of fauna sites within the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5 RESULTS

5.1 Matters of National Environmental significance

Table 3 summarises the results of the EPBC Protected Matters Report, with the relevant matters of national environmental significance discussed further below.

Table 3. Matters of National environmental significance.

Matters of National significance Search area Identified within the under the EPBC Act 1999 search area

Threatened Ecological Communities 1

Threatened Species 32

Migratory Species 42

Listed Marine Species 75

Whales and other Cetaceans 8

State and Territory Reserves 1

Invasive Species 23

Nationally Important Wetlands 1

5.1.1 Threatened ecological communities

One Threatened Ecological Community (TEC), Subtropical and Temperate Coastal Saltmarsh, was highlighted as being likely to occur within the search area. This is considered unlikely to occur within the project site, due to unsuitable habitat.

5.1.2 Threatened flora

One EPBC listed flora species was identified by the EPBC Protected Matters search as potentially occurring or having habitat potentially occurring within the vicinity of the project area (Table 4). Frankenia plicata was determined as unlikely which was based on the fact this species has no previous records (through the BDBSA search) within close proximity of the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

In the Mt Laura Reserve Native Vegetation Plan, Bebbington (2007) suggested that there was a high probability that Pterostylis sp. Eyre Peninsula may exist within the Mt Laura reserve. This species is rated as vulnerable under the EPBC Act 1999 and it was thought possible to occur due to suitable rocky habitat existing across much of the site. Bates (2006) described this species as largely growing among rocks on hilly slopes, in broombush, Melaleuca uncinata scrub, and known to occur in Callitris and eucalypt woodland, usually in stony brown loams. There were no Melaleuca or Callitris species recorded on site and given that the project area has previously been grazed, it was considered unlikely that this species will occur on site.

Table 4. Threatened flora species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area. Conservation Likelihood status of Species name Common name Aus SA occurrence Frankenia plicata NA EN V Unlikely

Aus: Australia (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999). SA: South Australia (National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972). Conservation Codes: EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable.

5.1.3 Threatened fauna Thirty-one (31) EPBC listed fauna species were identified in the EPBC Protected Matters Report as potentially occurring or having habitat potentially occurring within the vicinity of the project area (Table 5). The Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis myall) is known to occur within Whyalla Conservation Reserve, which is adjacent to the project area.

Table 5. Threatened fauna species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area. Conservation status Likelihood of Species name Common name Aus SA occurrence Birds Amytornis textilis myall Western Grasswren (Gawler ranges) VU Likely E, Mi (W), Calidris canutus Red Knot Ma Unlikely CE, Mi (W), Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Ma Unlikely CE, Mi (W), Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot Ma R Unlikely Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand VU, Mi (W), Charadrius leschenaultii Plover Ma R Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Diomedea antipodensis Antipodean Albatross Ma Unlikely Diomedea epomophora (sensu VU, Mi (Ma), stricto) Southern Royal Albatross Ma V Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Wandering Albatross Ma V Unlikely

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Conservation status Likelihood of Species name Common name Aus SA occurrence EN, Mi (Ma), Diomedea sanfordi Northern Royal Albatross Ma E Unlikely Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU V Unlikely Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri), Western VU, Mi (W), Limosa lapponica baueri Alaskan Bar-tailed Godwit Ma R Unlikely Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit, CE, Mi (W), Limosa lapponica menzbieri Bar-tailed Godwit (menzbieri) Ma R Unlikely Southern Giant-Petrel, Southern EN, Mi (Ma), Macronectes giganteus Giant Petrel Ma V Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Macronectes halli Northern Giant Petrel Ma Unlikely CE, Mi (W), Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew Ma V Unlikely Pachyptila turtur subantarctica Fairy Prion (southern) VU, Ma Unlikely Pezoporus occidentalis Night Parrot EN E Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Phoebetria fusca Sooty Albatross Ma E Unlikely Rostratula australis Australian Painted Snipe EN, Ma V Unlikely Sternula nereis nereis Australian Fairy Tern VU, Ma E Unlikely Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy VU, Mi (Ma), Thalassarche cauta cauta Albatross Ma Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Thalassarche cauta steadi White-capped Albatross Ma Unlikely Campbell Albatross, Campbell VU, Mi (Ma), Thalassarche impavida Black-browed Albatross Ma V Unlikely VU, Mi (Ma), Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross Ma V Unlikely Mammals EN, Mi (Ma), Eubalaena australis Southern Right Whale Ma V Nil VU, Mi (Ma), Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale Ma V Nil Australian Sea-lion, Australian Sea Neophoca cinerea Lion VU, Ma V Nil Reptiles EN, Mi (Ma), Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle Ma E Nil VU, Mi (Ma), Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Ma V Nil Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, EN, Mi (Ma), Dermochelys coriacea Luth Ma V Nil Sharks VU, Mi (Ma), Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark Ma Nil

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Aus: Australia (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999). SA: South Australia (National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972). Conservation Codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare. Mi (Ma): Migratory – Marine, Mi (T): Migratory Terrestrial, Mi (W) – Migratory Wetlands, Ma (Marine).

5.1.4 Migratory and marine fauna Twenty-five (25) bird, 25 fish, eight mammal and one shark species were listed as migratory or marine under the EPBC Act. These were identified in the EPBC Protected Matters Report as potentially occurring or having habitat potentially occurring within the vicinity of the project area (Table 6). Two out of the 25 bird species were determined as likely to occur within the project area, and one as possible.

Table 6. Threatened fauna species identified by EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool as possibly occurring within the project area.

Conservation status Likelihood of Species name Common name Aus SA occurrence Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift Mi (Ma), Ma Likely Ardea alba Great Egret Ma Unlikely Ardea ibis Cattle Egret Ma R Unlikely Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Mi (W), Ma R Unlikely Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Calidris alba Sanderling Mi (W), Ma R Unlikely Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover Ma Unlikely Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe Mi (W), Ma R Unlikely Gallinago stenura Pin-tailed Snipe Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle Ma E Possible Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Ma Unlikely Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Ma Likely Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Mi (T), Ma Unlikely Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Mi (T), Ma Unlikely Pachyptila turtur subantarctica Fairy Prion (southern) Ma Unlikely Pandion haliaetus Osprey Mi (W), Ma R Unlikely Phalacrocorax fuscescens Black-faced Cormorant Ma Unlikely Philomachus pugnax Ruff (Reeve) Mi (W), Ma R Unlikely Puffinus carneipes Flesh-footed Shearwater Mi (Ma), Ma R Unlikely Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet Ma Unlikely Sterna fuscata Sooty Tern Ma Unlikely Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Marsh Sandpiper, Little Tringa stagnatilis Greenshank Mi (W), Ma Unlikely Fish

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Conservation status Likelihood of Species name Common name Aus SA occurrence Acentronura australe Southern Pygmy Pipehorse Ma Nil Filicampus tigris Tiger Pipefish Ma Nil Heraldia nocturna Upside-down Pipefish Ma Nil Hippocampus breviceps Short-head Seahorse Ma Nil Histiogamphelus cristatus Rhino Pipefish Ma Nil Hypselognathus rostratus Knifesnout Pipefish Ma Nil Kaupus costatus Deepbody Pipefish Ma Nil Leptoichthys fistularius Brushtail Pipefish Ma Nil Lissocampus caudalis Australian Smooth Pipefish Ma Nil Lissocampus runa Javelin Pipefish Ma Nil Maroubra perserrata Sawtooth Pipefish Ma Nil Notiocampus ruber Red Pipefish Ma Nil Phycodurus eques Leafy Seadragon Ma Nil Phyllopteryx taeniolatus Common Seadragon Ma Nil Pugnaso curtirostris Pugnose Pipefish Ma Nil Solegnathus robustus Robust Pipefish Ma Nil Stigmatopora argus Spotted Pipefish Ma Nil Stigmatopora nigra Black Pipefish Ma Nil Stigmatopora olivacea A pipefish Ma Nil Stipecampus cristatus Ringback Pipefish Ma Nil Urocampus carinirostris Hairy Pipefish Ma Nil Vanacampus margaritifer Mother-of-pearl Pipefish Ma Nil Vanacampus phillipi Port Phillip Pipefish Ma Nil Vanacampus poecilolaemus Longsnout Pipefish Ma Nil Vanacampus vercoi Verco’s Pipefish Ma Nil Mammals Arctocephalus forsteri Long-nosed Fur-seal Ma Nil Arctocephalus pusillus Australian Fur-seal Ma R Nil Balaenoptera edeni Bryde’s Whale Mi (Ma), Ma R Nil Caperea marginata Pygmy Right Whale Mi (Ma), Ma R Nil Delphinus delphis Common Dolphin Ma Nil Lagenorhynchus obscurus Dusky Dolphin Mi (Ma), Ma Nil Tursiops aduncus Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin Ma Nil Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose Dolphin Ma Nil Sharks Lamna nasus Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Mi (Ma), Ma Nil

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5.2 Matters of State environmental significance This section provides a summary of the Biological Database of South Australia (BDBSA) search results. The full list of flora and fauna species recorded in the BDBSA within 10 km of the project area is provided in Appendix 1.

5.2.1 Threatened flora species The BDBSA Search identified four threatened flora species with records within 10 km of the project area (Table 7). The location of BDBSA threatened flora records is shown in Figure 6. It is considered unlikely that any of the four species would occur within the project area based on known habitat preferences being unsuitable within the project area, and previous records.

Table 7. Threatened flora species identified from the BDBSA search. Conservation Likelihood status Most recent of Species name Common name Aus SA record occurrence Flora Acacia rhigiophylla Dagger-leaf Wattle R 01/09/1983 Unlikely Austrostipa plumigera R 06/09/1952 Unlikely Orobanche cernua var. australiana Australian Broomrape R 06/07/2011 Unlikely Santalum spicatum Sandalwood V 14/11/1998 Unlikely

5.2.2 Threatened fauna species The BDBSA search identified 22 threatened birds with records within 10 km of the project area (Table 8). The location of BDBSA threatened fauna records is shown in Figure 7. Out of the 22 bird species, one was likely to occur within the project area and one was determined as possibly occurring within the project area. The latter is the White-bellied Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and this species is rated as endangered within South Australia and marine nationally.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 6. BDBSA threatened flora records within a 10km radius of the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Table 8. Threatened fauna species identified from the BDBSA search. Conservation status Most recent Likelihood of Species name Common name Aus SA record occurrence Birds Slender-billed Thornbill Acanthiza iredalei iredalei (western ssp) R 11/01/2003 Likely Mi (W), Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Ma R 10/01/2003 Unlikely Ardea intermedia Intermediate Egret Ma R 25/11/2001 Unlikely Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard V 26/03/2005 Unlikely CE, Mi Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot (W), Ma R 13/02/1983 Unlikely Greater Sand Plover, Large VU, Mi Charadrius leschenaultii Sand Plover (W), Ma R 04/02/1984 Unlikely EN, Mi Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand Plover (W), Ma R 17/02/1973 Unlikely Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt V 26/04/2006 Unlikely Egretta garzetta Little Egret Ma R 26/01/2000 Unlikely Pacific Reef Egret (Eastern Egretta garzetta Reef Egret) Ma 27/08/2000 Unlikely Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher R 11/03/2002 Unlikely Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher R 09/11/2000 Unlikely Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-eagle Ma E 26/01/2000 Possible Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU V 18/06/1999 Unlikely Bar-tailed Godwit (baueri), Western Alaskan Bar-tailed VU, Mi Limosa lapponica baueri Godwit (W), Ma R 04/06/2004 Unlikely Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit CE, Mi Limosa lapponica menzbieri (menzbieri) (W), Ma R 04/06/2004 Unlikely Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit R 20/11/1982 Unlikely Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern CE, Mi Numenius madagascariensis Curlew (W), Ma V 25/12/2000 Unlikely EN, Mi Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel (W), Ma R 02/01/1973 Unlikely Mi (W), Philomachus pugnax Ruff (Reeve) Ma R 21/02/1981 Unlikely Porzana tabuensis Spotless Crake Ma R 29/08/1999 Unlikely Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck V 10/01/2003 Unlikely

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 7. BDBSA threatened fauna records within a 10km radius of the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5.2.3 Introduced species

The BDBSA Search identified 53 introduced species with records within 10 km of the project area (Table 9). Weeds mapped within 2km of the project area are shown in Figure 8.

Table 9. Introduced flora species identified from the BDBSA search.

Species name Common name Most recent record Acetosa vesicaria Rosy Dock 25/07/2014 Alternanthera pungens Khaki Weed 28/02/1985 Antithamnion cruciatum 21/05/1994 Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed 11/05/2004 Avena barbata Bearded Oat 11/05/2004 Brassica sp. 10/05/2004 Bromus diandrus (NC) Great Brome 11/05/2004 Bryophyllum delagoense 8/09/2011 Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle 11/05/2004 Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed 11/05/2004 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass 1/02/2010 Centaurea melitensis Malta Thistle 6/01/1998 Chloris virgata Feather-top Rhodes Grass 28/02/1985 Cylindropuntia imbricata Devil's Rope Pear 1/01/1996 Cynodon dactylon (NC) Couch 25/11/2002 Digitaria ciliaris Summer Grass 4/04/1981 Diplotaxis tenuifolia Lincoln Weed 28/03/2004 Dittrichia graveolens Stinkweed 11/05/2004 Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane 11/05/2004 Emex australis Three-corner Jack 1/01/1996 Erodium cicutarium Cut-leaf Heron's-bill 27/09/1995 Erodium moschatum Musky Herons-bill 1/01/1987 Euphorbia terracina False Caper 25/11/2002 Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Coastal Galenia 25/07/2014 Gazania linearis Gazania 1/01/1996 Lactuca serriola f. serriola Prickly Lettuce 4/04/1981 Limonium lobatum Winged Sea-lavender 28/03/2004 Limonium sinuatum Notch-leaf Sea-lavender 25/07/2014 Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn 1/01/1996 Malva parviflora Small-flower Marshmallow 6/09/1969 Marrubium vulgare Horehound 11/05/2004 Medicago sp. Medic 25/11/2002 Mesembryanthemum aitonis Angled Iceplant 28/03/2004 Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Slender Iceplant 1/11/1986 Opuntia ficus-indica Indian Fig 1/01/1996

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Species name Common name Most recent record Opuntia stricta Erect Prickly Pear 28/05/2005 Orbea variegata Carrion-flower 25/07/2014 Parkinsonia aculeata Jerusalem Thorn 18/03/2010 Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet 1/01/2010 Reichardia tingitana False Sowthistle 25/07/2014 Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant 4/12/1995 Rostraria pumila Tiny Bristle-grass 1/09/1944 Salvia verbenaca var. Wild Sage 11/05/2004 Setaria verticillata Whorled Pigeon-grass 1/03/2010 Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion 25/11/2002 Sisymbrium irio London Mustard 1/10/1942 Solanum elaeagnifolium Silver-leaf Nightshade 26/11/1990 Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle 27/09/1995 Suaeda aegyptiaca 19/04/1997 Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew 12/07/1993 Tribulus terrestris Caltrop 4/04/1981 Verbena aristigera Mayne's Pest 26/11/1990 Xanthium spinosum Bathurst Burr 1/01/1996

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 8. Weed species mapped to within 2km of the project area (source BDBSA 2016).

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5.3 Field survey

The survey was conducted from 26 September to 1 October 2016. The overnight and day temperatures during the field survey were unusually low compared with previous seasons. On 28 September 2016, 19.4 mm of rain was recorded (Table 10). A high of 24 degrees was recorded on the 28th September and an overnight low of 4 degrees on the 27th September. The weather conditions for the survey are provided within this report for comparative survey purposes and context with regard to seasonality.

Table 10. Weather conditions for the field survey. Temps Max wind gust Rain Date Day Min Max Direction Speed °C °C mm km/h 26 Mo 5 23.6 0.2 WNW 56 27 Tu 4.1 18 0 E 33 28 We 4.2 25.2 19.40 WNW 87 29 Th 7.8 14.7 2 W 81 30 Fr 9.6 17.6 0.2 WSW 54 1 Sa 5.3 25.7 1 N 57

5.3.1 Vegetation associations

Two vegetation associations were recorded within the project area and are summarised below (Table 11 and Table 12). The project area contains predominately intact plant communities, with good-high diversity values for the area; this has been mapped as 6:1 using SEB scoring adapted from Stokes et al. (1998) and DWLBC (2005).

No vegetation communities of conservation significance were observed. Vegetation associations and SEB scores for the project area (Figure 11) were broadly defined through traversing the entire site and using a GPS. An estimation of edge effects was based on where one vegetation type started and finished, and where another begun. Typically, there is always some overlap, however there were no major landscape differences present on site e.g. sand dunes.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Table 11. Vegetation association 1. Vegetation association Maireana sedifolia (Blue Bush) + Atriplex vesicaria (Bladder Salt Bush) Chenopod Low Shrubland +/- mid to dense Maireana pyramidata (Black Bluebush), Eremophila longifolia (Weeping Emu Bush). Senna artemisioides coriacea (Desert Senna), Lycium australe (Native Boxthorn), Sclerolaena dicantha (Grey bindii), Euphorbia tannensis (Desert Spurge), Enchylaena tomentosa (Ruby Saltbush), Austrostipa nitida (Spear Grass), Sida intricata (Twiggy Sida), Ptilotus obovatus (Cotton Bush) occur as sparse- mid-dense understorey (Figure 9). Conservation value Good-high diversity value for fauna. Chenopod Low Shrublands - Good (SEB 8:1) (Figure 11). Proposed access road Vegetation condition varied 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 (Figure 12). Species diversity A total of 16 native flora Rhodanthe trodedelii (Small Paper-everlasting), Rhodanthe Stricta (Slender Everlasting), Rhodanthe polygalifolium, Vittadinia cuneata (Fuzzy New Holland Daisy), Annual species Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand Spinach).  Carrichtera annua (Ward’s Weed) – dense in some areas; found across the site Declared weeds in varying levels of density.

Figure 9. Representation photo of Association 1.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Table 12. Vegetation association 2. Vegetation association Acacia papyrocarpa (Western Myall) Low Open Woodland +/- Myoporum platycarpum +/- Casuarina pauper (Black Oak). Maireana sedifolia (Blue Bush) + Atriplex vesicaria (Bladder Salt Bush) Maireana pyramidata (Black Bluebush), Eremophila longifolia (Weeping Emu Bush) (Figure 10). Senna artemisioides coriacea (Desert Senna), Lycium australe (Native Boxthorn) were recorded in varying densities across the site. Conservation value Good-high diversity value for fauna. Good (SEB 8:1) (Figure 10). Proposed access road where erosion from 4WD tracks Vegetation condition and higher densities of weed – 5:1. Species diversity A total of 12 native flora. Rhodanthe trodedelii (Small Paper-everlasting), Rhodanthe Stricta (Slender Everlasting), Rhodanthe polygalifolium, Vittadinia cuneata (Fuzzy New Holland Daisy), Annual species Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand Spinach). Declared weeds  Carrichtera annua (Ward’s Weed) – scattered throughout in varying densities.

Figure 10. Representation photo of Association 2.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 11. Vegetation associations and SEB scores for the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 12. Vegetation associations and SEB scores for the corridor area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5.3.2 Flora

A total of 86 species were recorded across the project area. Seventy of the species recorded were native and 14 species were weed species. No EPBC or state listed species were recorded during the survey. Abundance of each species was recorded for each association with a full species list provided in Table 13.

Key:

*Introduced species Abundance rating N=Not many T=sparsely or very sparsely present; cover very small (less than 5%) 1= Plentiful but of small cover (less than 5%) 2= any number of individuals covering 5-25% of the area 3=any number of individuals covering 25%-50% of the area 4= any number of individuals covering 50-75% of the area 5= covering more than 75% of the area

Table 13. Flora species found within the project area. Scientific Name Common Name Family Name EPBC SA Ass 1 Ass2 Abutilon fraseri ssp. MALVACEAE T T Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush LEGUMINOSAE T - Acacia papyrocarpa Western Myall LEGUMINOSAE T 2 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Bullock Bush SAPINDACEAE N N Asphodelus * fistulosus Onion Weed LILIACEAE 1 1 Atriplex holocarpa Pop Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE 1 - Atriplex vesicaria Bladder Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE 3 2 Austrostipa Feather Spear- GRAMINEAE T T elegantissima grass Balcarra Spear- Austrostipa nitida GRAMINEAE 1 1 grass Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear- GRAMINEAE 1 1 ssp. grass Brachyscome ciliaris var. Variable Daisy COMPOSITAE T T Brachyscome lineariloba Hard-head Daisy COMPOSITAE 1 1 * Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip CRUCIFERAE T 1 Bromus sp. Brome GRAMINEAE T T Bulbine semibarbata Small Leek-lily LILIACEAE T T Calandrinia eremaea Dryland Purslane PORTULACACEAE 1 T Calotis hispidula Hairy Burr-daisy COMPOSITAE T T * Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed CRUCIFERAE 2 2 Casuarina pauper Black Oak CASUARINACEAE T T Chenopodium Cottony CHENOPODIACEAE N T curvispicatum Goosefoot Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed CONVOLVULACEAE T T Cynanchum viminale N - Daucus glochidiatus Native Carrot UMBELLIFERAE T T Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE T - Crumbweed/Rat Dysphania sp. CHENOPODIACEAE 1 1 Tails * Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane BORAGINACEAE T T

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Scientific Name Common Name Family Name EPBC SA Ass 1 Ass2 Enchylaena tomentosa var. Ruby Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE T T Enneapogon Common Bottle- GRAMINEAE T T avenaceus washers Weeping Eremophila longifolia MYOPORACEAE 1 1 Emubush Eremophila Opposite-leaved MYOPORACEAE T T oppositifolia ssp. Emubush Eremophila scoparia Broom Emubush MYOPORACEAE T T Eriochiton Woolly-fruit CHENOPODIACEAE T T sclerolaenoides Bluebush Cut-leaf Heron's- * Erodium cicutarium GERANIACEAE 1 1 bill Erodium crinitum Blue Heron's-bill GERANIACEAE T T Euphorbia drummondii EUPHORBIACEAE T T Euphorbia tannensis ssp. eremophila Desert Spurge EUPHORBIACEAE T T Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Cherry SANTALACEAE N T Frankenia serpyllifolia Thyme Sea-heath FRANKENIACEAE T T Geijera linearifolia Sheep Bush RUTACEAE N N Lotus cruentus Red-flower Lotus LEGUMINOSAE 1 1 Australian Lycium australe SOLANACEAE 1 1 Boxthorn * Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn SOLANACEAE T T Lysiana exocarpi ssp. Harlequin LORANTHACEAE T T exocarpi Mistletoe Maireana lobiflora Lobed Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE N - Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE 2 2 Maireana sedifolia Bluebush CHENOPODIACEAE 2 2 Top-fruit Maireana turbinata CHENOPODIACEAE 1 1 Bluebush * Malva sp. Mallow MALVACEAE T - * Marrubium vulgare Horehound LABIATAE T T * Medicago sp. Medic LEGUMINOSAE 1 1 Mesembryanthemum * crystallinum Common Iceplant AIZOACEAE 1 T Mesembryanthemum * nodiflorum Slender Iceplant AIZOACEAE T - Minuria cunninghamii Bush Minuria COMPOSITAE T T Myoporum montanum Native Myrtle MYOPORACEAE T T Myoporum False MYOPORACEAE 1 2 platycarpum ssp. Sandalwood * Opuntia sp. CACTACEAE N - Oxalis perennans Native Sorrel OXALIDACEAE T T Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot PITTOSPORACEAE T 1 Plantago drummondii Dark Plantain PLANTAGINACEAE T T Pterostylis longifolia complex ORCHIDACEAE - N Ptilotus obovatus AMARANTHACEAE 1 1 Rhagodia parabolica Mealy Saltbush CHENOPODIACEAE T 1 Rhodanthe corymbiflora Paper Everlasting COMPOSITAE 1 1 Rhodanthe polygalifolium COMPOSITAE 1 1

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Scientific Name Common Name Family Name EPBC SA Ass 1 Ass2 Slender Rhodanthe stricta COMPOSITAE 1 1 Everlasting Small Paper- Rhodanthe troedelii COMPOSITAE 1 1 everlasting Rytidosperma Common GRAMINEAE T T caespitosum Wallaby-grass Salsola tragus Buckbush CHENOPODIACEAE T T Santalum acuminatum Quandong SANTALACEAE N N Sarcozona praecox Sarcozona AIZOACEAE T T Scaevola spinescens Spiny Fanflower GOODENIACEAE T - * Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass GRAMINEAE T T Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Bindyi CHENOPODIACEAE T T Sclerolaena Oblique-spined CHENOPODIACEAE 1 T obliquicuspis Bindyi Senecio glossanthus Annual Groundsel COMPOSITAE T T Senna artemisioides ssp. coriacea Desert Senna LEGUMINOSAE 1 1 Setaria sp. Pigeon-grass GRAMINEAE T T Sida fibulifera Pin Sida MALVACEAE T T Sida intricata Twiggy Sida MALVACEAE T T Sida petrophila Rock Sida MALVACEAE T T Solanum Plains SOLANACEAE T T quadriloculatum Nightshade Common Sow- * Sonchus oleraceus COMPOSITAE T T thistle Tetragonia New Zealand AIZOACEAE T T tetragonioides Spinach Vittadinia cuneata Fuzzy New COMPOSITAE T T var. Holland Daisy Wahlenbergia sp. Native Bluebell CAMPANULACEAE T T Zygophyllum ammophilum Sand Twinleaf ZYGOPHYLLACEAE T T Zygophyllum crenatum Notched Twinleaf ZYGOPHYLLACEAE T T

5.3.3 Weeds

A total of 14 weed species were found on site and are listed above in Table 13. These include: Asphodelus fistulosus (Onion Weed), Brassica tournefortii (Wild Turnip), Carrichtera annua (Ward’s Weed), Echium plantagineum (Salvation Jane), Erodium cicutarium (Cut-leaf Heron's-bill), Lycium ferocissimum (African Boxthorn), Malva sp. (Mallow), Marrubium vulgare (Horehound), Medicago sp. (Medic), Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Common Iceplant), Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (Slender Iceplant), Opuntia sp., Schismus barbatus (Arabian Grass) and Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sow-thistle).

The dominant weed was Ward’s Weed, with any number of individuals covering 5-25% of the area mapped as vegetation association 1 and 2 (Table 13). A single Prickly Pear (Opuntia sp.) was recorded on the access road. The area mapped as 3:1 (Figure 11), predominantly contained Iceplant sp. and therefore scored a lower rating.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 5.3.4 Fauna

A total of nine mammal species were recorded across the project area (Table 14). This included four bat species and one native mouse. Five reptile species were also recorded from the survey. No mammal or reptile species of national or State conservation significance were identified from the survey. A total of 39 bird species and 407 individuals were identified across the project area (Table 15); one species of national significance, the Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) (Amytornis textilis myall) and one of State significance, the Slender-billed Thornbill (western subspecies) (Acanthiza iredalei iredalei) were recorded. The records for where both of these species were found, are mapped in Figure 13.

Both of the habitat associations present across the project area (excluding the access road to the solar farm), are representative of the habitat types that Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) use most often. The Western Grasswren primarily inhabits two habitats: low chenopod shrublands and Western Myall low woodlands (DotEE 2016, Garnett et al. 2011). The species that typically make up these vegetation communities are Blackbush (Maireana pyramidata), Australian Boxthorn (Lycium australe), bluebush (Maireana spp.), and saltbush (Atriplex spp.). The two vegetation associations that were determined on site were low chenopod shrublands and Western Myall low shrublands.

Surveys of Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) habitat by Black et al. 2011 found that 64% of sites where Western Grasswrens had been previously recorded were associated with low shrublands, where Blackbush (Maireana pyramidata) and Australian Boxthorn (Lycium australe) were the dominant shrub species. A further 28% of sites were associated with low woodlands, typically with a Western Myall (Acacia papyrocarpa) overstorey. Therefore, both of the habitat associations present on site are representative of the habitat types that Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) use most often. At present, given the vegetation communities present on site, their high quality, and that they form the preferred habitat for Western Grasswrens, the entire proposed site holds potential habitat for the species.

Table 14. Fauna recorded within the project area.

Taxa Scientific Name Common Name EPBC SA CHENO01 CHENO02 MYALL01 MYALL02 OPP Total

Mammal Austronomus australis White-striped Free-tailed Bat 

Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat  

Chalinolobus morio Chocolate Wattled Bat  Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo 8 8 Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo 6 6

Mormopterus sp. 3  

Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat   Pseudomys bolami Bolam's Mouse 1 1 2 *Vulpes vulpes Fox (Red Fox) TRACKS 1 1 Reptile Ctenotus regius Eastern Desert Ctenotus 1 1 Ctenotus schomburgkii Sandplain Ctenotus 1 1

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Taxa Scientific Name Common Name EPBC SA CHENO01 CHENO02 MYALL01 MYALL02 OPP Total Diplodactylus furcosus Ranges Stone Gecko 1 1 2 Pogona vitticeps Central Bearded Dragon 1 1 Tiliqua rugosa Sleepy Lizard 2 2 Note: it should be noted that bat calls were unquantifiable, based on frequency. Therefore, only a presence/absence was recorded at fauna sites. Tracks were also unquantifiable.

Table 15. Bird species recorded within the project area.

Scientific Name Common Name EPBC State CHENO01 CHENO02 MYALL01 MYALL02 OPP Grand Total Acanthagenys rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater 3 7 4 8 22 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill 1 1 Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill (western ssp) R 5 4 9 Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill 3 1 4 8 Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 1 1 2 Amytornis textilis myall Western Grasswren (Gawler Ranges) VU 8 8 Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird 1 1 Anthus australis Australian Pipit 4 15 19 Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface 4 6 12 22 Artamus cinereus Black-faced Woodswallow 3 12 15 Chalcites basalis Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo 2 2 Cincloramphus cruralis Brown Songlark 5 5 Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark 1 2 7 10 Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike 6 6 Corvus bennetti Little Crow 10 10 Corvus mellori Little Raven 4 4 1 9 Coturnix pectoralis Stubble Quail 1 1 Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird 2 1 3 2 4 12 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu 7 7 Eolophus roseicapilla Galah 6 6 Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat 5 20 25 Epthianura tricolor Crimson Chat 3 4 7 Falco berigora Brown Falcon 2 2 Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel 3 5 8 Falco longipennis Australian Hobby 2 2 Gavicalis virescens Singing Honeyeater 1 3 4 Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie 4 2 1 6 13 Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow 1 1 Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren 8 8 Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren 7 5 2 12 26 Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner 6 6 Melanodryas cucullata Hooded Robin 2 2 Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar 16 12 28 Northiella haematogaster Blue Bonnet 2 8 2 10 6 28

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Scientific Name Common Name EPBC State CHENO01 CHENO02 MYALL01 MYALL02 OPP Grand Total Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 3 5 2 9 19 Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird 1 1 4 6 Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler 2 12 12 12 38 Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail 2 2 *Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling 7 7 TOTAL 42 38 48 57 222 407 Aus: Australia (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999). SA: South Australia (National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972). Conservation Codes: CE: Critically Endangered. EN/E: Endangered. VU/V: Vulnerable. R: Rare. *Introduced species

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Figure 13. Location of threatened bird observations within the project area.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 6 REFERENCES

Bates, R. (2006) South Australian Native Orchids CD, Native Orchid Society of South Australia: Adelaide. Files from the CD are also partly available as "Orchids of South Australia" at .

Bebbington, L. (2007) City of Whyalla Mount Laura Conservation Reserve – Native Vegetation Management Plan. Corporation of the City of Whyalla.

Black, A., Carpenter, G. and Pedler, L. (2011) Distribution and habitats of the Thick-billed Grasswren Amytornis modestus and comparison with the Western Grasswren Amytornis textilis myall in South Australia. South Australian Ornithologist 37 (2).

Department of the Environment and Energy (2016). Report generated on 16/09/16 at https://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/protected-matters-search-tool.

Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (2005). Guidelines for a Native Vegetation Significant Environmental Benefit Policy For the clearance of native vegetation associated with the minerals and petroleum industry. September 2005. Prepared for the Native Vegetation Council, Government of South Australia.

Department of the Environment and Energy (2016). Amytornis textilis myall in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat.

Garnett ST, Szabo JK and Dutson G (2011). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria.

Stokes A L, Heard L M, Carruthers S, Reynolds T. (1998) Draft Guide to the Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia. Geographical Analysis and Research unit, Planning SA, Environmental Unit, Transport SA and Department of Transport, Urban Planning and the Arts. Adelaide.

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report 7 APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Flora and fauna species recorded in the BDBSA within 10 km of the project area. Flora

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Bristly Cloak- ADIANTACEAE Cheilanthes distans 14/11/1998 fern Woolly Cloak- Cheilanthes lasiophylla 14/11/1998 fern Cheilanthes sieberi Narrow Rock- 14/11/1998 ssp. sieberi fern AIZOACEAE Carpobrotus rossii Native Pigface 15/07/2005 Carpobrotus rossii (NC) Native Pigface 11/05/2004 Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Coastal Galenia * 25/07/2014 Galenia secunda Galenia * 28/03/2004 Galenia sp. Galenia * 10/05/2004 Malephora crocea * 20/08/2014 Mesembryanthemum aitonis Angled Iceplant * 28/03/2004 Mesembryanthemum Common * 24/10/1992 crystallinum Iceplant Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Slender Iceplant * 1/11/1986 Psilocaulon Match-head * 10/08/1998 granulicaule Plant Sarcozona praecox Sarcozona 25/07/2014 Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach 12/10/1993 AMARANTHACEAE Alternanthera pungens Khaki Weed * Declared 28/02/1985 Ptilotus obovatus 25/07/2014 ARESCHOUGIACEAE Solieria robusta 21/04/2004 ASCLEPIADACEAE Orbea variegata Carrion-flower * Declared 25/07/2014 Stapelia gigantea * Avicennia marina ssp. AVICENNIACEAE marina Grey Mangrove 7/05/1936 BONNEMAISONIACEAE Asparagopsis armata 15/05/1984 Asparagopsis taxiformis 17/04/1999

Bonnemaisonia australis 15/05/1984 BORAGINACEAE Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane * Declared 11/05/2004 Halgania Scented Blue- 16/05/1958 andromedifolia flower Rough Blue- Halgania cyanea 9/12/1997 flower Cylindropuntia Devil's Rope CACTACEAE * Declared 1/01/1996 imbricata Pear

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Cylindropuntia prolifera * Declared 1/03/2007 Opuntia ficus-indica Indian Fig * 1/01/1996 Erect Prickly Opuntia stricta * Declared 28/05/2005 Pear CAMPANULACEAE Isotoma petraea Rock Isotome 14/11/1998 Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell 14/04/1995

Wahlenbergia gracilenta Annual Bluebell 14/11/1998 Yellow-wash Wahlenbergia luteola 25/04/1981 Bluebell Wahlenbergia preissii 14/11/1998 CASUARINACEAE Casuarina pauper Black Oak 11/05/2004 CERAMIACEAE Antithamnion cruciatum * 24/08/1994 Antithamnion delicatulum 17/04/1999

Callithamnion caulescens 21/04/2004 Ceramium macilentum 17/04/1999 CHAMPIACEAE Champia zostericola 15/05/1984 CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex cinerea Coast Saltbush 7/05/1936 Atriplex holocarpa Pop Saltbush 16/09/1959 Atriplex stipitata Bitter Saltbush 10/05/2004 Bladder Atriplex vesicaria 14/11/1998 Saltbush Atriplex vesicaria ssp. Bladder 11/05/2004 (NC) Saltbush Chenopodium Cottony 12/12/1997 curvispicatum Goosefoot Chenopodium Desert 1/01/1996 desertorum ssp. Goosefoot Chenopodium Scrambling 21/08/1981 gaudichaudianum Goosefoot Dissocarpus biflorus Two-horn 1/01/1996 var. biflorus Saltbush Dissocarpus paradoxus Ball Bindyi 11/02/1967 Crested Dysphania cristata 13/04/1995 Crumbweed Dysphania Black-fruit melanocarpa f. 14/11/1998 melanocarpa (NC) Goosefoot

Enchylaena tomentosa var. Ruby Saltbush 11/05/2004

Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush 25/11/2002 Eriochiton Woolly-fruit 19/07/1969 sclerolaenoides Bluebush Halosarcia sp. (NC) Samphire 11/05/2004 Maireana aphylla Cotton-bush 21/08/1981

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Pale-fruit Maireana appressa 1/11/1986 Bluebush Maireana astrotricha Low Bluebush 2/09/1969 Short-leaf Maireana brevifolia 11/05/2004 Bluebush Maireana erioclada Rosy Bluebush 12/06/1967 Maireana pyramidata Black Bluebush 11/05/2004 Maireana sedifolia Bluebush 11/05/2004 Hairy-fruit Maireana trichoptera 14/11/1998 Bluebush Top-fruit Maireana turbinata 14/11/1998 Bluebush Goat-head Soft- Malacocera tricornis 9/04/1974 horns Rhagodia parabolica Mealy Saltbush 3/11/1936 Rhagodia preissii ssp. preissii Mallee Saltbush 2/07/1979 Rhagodia spinescens Spiny Saltbush 25/07/2001 Intricate Rhagodia ulicina 14/11/1998 Saltbush Salsola australis Buckbush 1/01/1996 Sclerolaena Short-wing 9/04/1974 brachyptera Bindyi Sclerolaena diacantha Grey Bindyi 14/11/1998 Sclerolaena lanicuspis Spinach Bindyi 2/06/1969 Sclerolaena Oblique-spined 11/05/2004 obliquicuspis Bindyi Sclerolaena Spear-fruit 6/09/1969 patenticuspis Bindyi Small-spine Sclerolaena uniflora 27/09/1995 Bindyi Suaeda aegyptiaca * 28/05/2005 CLADOPHORACEAE Rhizoclonium riparium 25/07/1996 Flannel COMPOSITAE Actinobole uliginosum 14/11/1998 Cudweed Smooth Angianthus glabratus 1/11/1986 Angianthus Brachyscome ciliaris var. ciliaris Variable Daisy 2/10/1996 Brachyscome Hard-head 14/11/1998 lineariloba Daisy Showy Burr- Calotis cymbacantha 1/11/1986 daisy Tangled Burr- Calotis erinacea 25/07/2014 daisy Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle * 11/05/2004 Cassinia laevis Curry Bush 14/11/1998 Centaurea melitensis Malta Thistle * 6/01/1998

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Chrysocephalum Clustered 10/09/1964 semipapposum Everlasting Cotula australis Common Cotula 1/11/1954 Dittrichia graveolens Stinkweed * 11/05/2004 Koonamore Erodiophyllum elderi 14/08/1932 Daisy Annual Euchiton sphaericus 14/11/1998 Cudweed Gazania linearis Gazania * Declared 1/01/1996 Spidery Button- Gnephosis arachnoidea 14/11/1998 flower Dwarf Golden- Gnephosis tenuissima 7/11/1979 tip Lactuca serriola f. serriola Prickly Lettuce * 4/04/1981 Minuria leptophylla Minnie Daisy 1/09/1944 Heath Daisy- Olearia floribunda 27/05/1958 bush Pimelea Daisy- Olearia pimeleoides 20/09/1981 bush Twiggy Daisy- Olearia ramulosa 5/07/1980 bush Reichardia tingitana False Sowthistle * 25/07/2014 Rhodanthe moschata Musk Daisy 1/11/1986 Milkwort Rhodanthe polygalifolia 16/07/1968 Everlasting Rhodanthe stuartiana Clay Everlasting 5/10/1983 Small Paper- Rhodanthe troedelii 2/10/1996 everlasting Annual Senecio glossanthus 3/09/1978 Groundsel Senecio glossanthus Annual 14/11/1998 (NC) Groundsel Fleshy Senecio gregorii 1/11/1986 Groundsel Senecio spanomerus 17/09/2006 Common Sow- Sonchus oleraceus * 27/09/1995 thistle Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew * 12/07/1993 Vittadinia cuneata var. Fuzzy New 14/11/1998 cuneata Holland Daisy Woolly New Vittadinia gracilis 20/09/1981 Holland Daisy Xanthium spinosum Bathurst Burr * Declared 1/01/1996 CONVOLVULACEAE Cressa australis Rosinweed 26/05/1958 CORALLINACEAE Jania parva 17/04/1999 Bryophyllum CRASSULACEAE delagoense * 8/09/2011

Crassula colorata var. acuminata Dense Crassula 14/11/1998

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Crassula sieberiana Australian 14/11/1998 ssp. tetramera (NC) Stonecrop Crassula tetragona ssp. robusta Crassula * 15/07/2005 Australian Crassula tetramera 2/10/1996 Stonecrop CRUCIFERAE Arabidella trisecta Shrubby Cress Brassica sp. * 10/05/2004 Brassica tournefortii Wild Turnip * 19/09/1965 Cakile maritima ssp. Two-horned Sea * 24/10/1992 maritima Rocket Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed * 11/05/2004 Diplotaxis tenuifolia Lincoln Weed * Declared 28/03/2004 Sisymbrium erysimoides Smooth Mustard * 25/07/2014 Sisymbrium irio London Mustard * 1/10/1942 Myriodesma CYSTOSEIRACEAE integrifolium 15/05/1984 DASYACEAE Dasya crescens 15/05/1984 Dasya villosa 21/04/2004 DICTYOTACEAE Dictyopteris muelleri 21/04/2004 Dictyota dichotoma 17/04/1999 Twiggy Guinea- DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia virgata 21/09/1966 flower DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion * 25/11/2002 ECTOCARPACEAE Hincksia mitchelliae 17/04/1999 Hincksia sordida 29/09/1993 Pale Turpentine EUPHORBIACEAE Beyeria lechenaultii 5/07/1980 Bush Chamaesyce drummondii (NC) Caustic Weed 14/11/1998 Euphorbia maculata Eyebane * 15/02/2008 Euphorbia tannensis ssp. eremophila Desert Spurge 7/01/1974 Euphorbia terracina False Caper * Declared 25/11/2002 Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant * 4/12/1995 Hoary Sea- FRANKENIACEAE Frankenia crispa 14/11/1998 heath Frankenia pauciflora Southern Sea- 11/05/2004 var. gunnii heath Thyme Sea- Frankenia serpyllifolia 3/10/1996 heath Long Heron's- GERANIACEAE Erodium botrys * 1/01/1987 bill Cut-leaf Erodium cicutarium * 27/09/1995 Heron's-bill Erodium crinitum Blue Heron's-bill 25/07/2014

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Musky Herons- Erodium moschatum * 1/01/1987 bill Dampiera lanceolata Grooved GOODENIACEAE 1/01/1958 var. lanceolata Dampiera Streaked Goodenia calcarata 10/08/1983 Goodenia Cut-leaf Goodenia pinnatifida 14/11/1998 Goodenia Small-flower Goodenia pusilliflora 14/11/1998 Goodenia Goodenia varia Sticky Goodenia 7/11/1979 Scaevola collaris 1/11/1986 Scaevola spinescens Spiny Fanflower 11/05/2004 Velleia arguta Toothed Velleia 16/07/1968 Amphipogon caricinus Long Grey- GRAMINEAE 7/11/1979 var. caricinus beard Grass Aristida contorta Curly Wire-grass 7/11/1979 Austrostipa Feather Spear- 14/11/1998 elegantissima grass Rusty Spear- Austrostipa eremophila 14/11/1998 grass Coast Spear- Austrostipa flavescens 6/09/1952 grass Balcarra Spear- Austrostipa nitida 14/11/1998 grass Austrostipa nodosa Tall Spear-grass 26/08/1964 Flat-awn Spear- Austrostipa platychaeta 14/11/1998 grass Austrostipa plumigera R 6/09/1952 Austrostipa scabra ssp. Rough Spear- 6/09/1952 scabra grass Austrostipa sp. Spear-grass 10/05/2004 Austrostipa trichophylla 9/10/1998 Avena barbata Bearded Oat * 10/05/2004 Bromus arenarius Sand Brome 2/10/1996 Bromus diandrus (NC) Great Brome * 10/05/2004 Bromus sp. Brome 10/05/2004 Cenchrus ciliaris/pennisetiformis Buffel Grass * 1/01/2010 Cenchrus setaceus Fountain Grass * Declared 25/07/2014 Feather-top Chloris virgata * 4/04/1981 Rhodes Grass Cynodon dactylon (NC) Couch * 25/11/2002 Digitaria ciliaris Summer Grass * 4/04/1981 Eleusine indica Crowsfoot Grass * 1/04/1953 Enneapogon Common Bottle- 1/08/1980 avenaceus washers Enteropogon acicularis Umbrella Grass 5/01/1959

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Eriochloa Perennial 1/04/1953 pseudoacrotricha Cupgrass Parapholis incurva Curly Ryegrass * 24/10/1992 Paspalum distichum Water Couch * 4/04/1981 Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet * 1/01/2010 Tiny Bristle- Rostraria pumila * 1/09/1944 grass Rytidosperma Common 14/11/1998 caespitosum Wallaby-grass Schismus barbatus Arabian Grass * 1/10/2004 Clement's Setaria clementii 14/11/1998 Paspalidium Knotty-butt Setaria constricta 1/09/1944 Paspalidium Whorled Pigeon- Setaria verticillata * 1/03/2010 grass Tragus australianus Small Burr-grass 19/01/1997 Triodia compacta Spinifex 8/12/1997 Triodia scariosa Spinifex 1/09/1944 Bushy Wheel- GYROSTEMONACEAE Gyrostemon ramulosus 1/10/1969 fruit Golden HALORAGACEAE Glischrocaryon behrii 9/12/1997 Pennants Glischrocaryon flavescens Yellow Pennants 25/07/2014 HALYMENIACEAE Gelinaria ulvoidea 11/04/2006 HYDROCHARITACEAE Halophila australis Paddle Weed 21/04/2004 HYPNEACEAE Hypnea charoides 17/04/1999 LABIATAE Marrubium vulgare Horehound * Declared 10/05/2004 Prostanthera aspalathoides Scarlet Mintbush 7/11/1979 Striated Prostanthera striatiflora 17/09/1951 Mintbush Salvia verbenaca var. Wild Sage * 11/05/2004 Westringia rigida Stiff Westringia 11/11/1953 Peninsula LAURACEAE Cassytha peninsularis 14/11/1998 Dodder-laurel Acacia ancistrophylla LEGUMINOSAE var. lissophylla Hook-leaf Wattle 16/05/1958

Acacia aneura var. (NC) Mulga 1/01/1996 Acacia continua Thorn Wattle 9/12/1997 Western Coastal Acacia cyclops 9/12/1997 Wattle Acacia halliana Hall's Wattle 16/05/1958 Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush 10/05/2004 Acacia notabilis Notable Wattle 9/12/1997 Acacia nyssophylla Spine Bush 1/09/1983

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Acacia oswaldii Umbrella Wattle 14/11/1998 Acacia papyrocarpa Western Myall 11/05/2004 Dagger-leaf Acacia rhigiophylla R 1/09/1983 Wattle Acacia rigens Nealie 1/09/1983 Acacia sclerophylla var. sclerophylla Hard-leaf Wattle 1/09/1983 Acacia sibirica Bastard Mulga 2/09/1979 Acacia spinescens Spiny Wattle 26/08/1964 Acacia wilhelmiana Dwarf Nealie 1/09/1983 Common Eutaxia microphylla 18/09/1986 Eutaxia Glycine rubiginosa Twining Glycine 5/07/1980 Medicago sp. Medic * 25/11/2002 Jerusalem Parkinsonia aculeata * Declared 18/03/2010 Thorn Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris 25/11/2002 Senna artemisioides ssp. X artemisioides Silver Senna 14/11/1998 Senna artemisioides Broad-leaf 11/05/2004 ssp. X coriacea Desert Senna Senna artemisioides ssp. X sturtii Grey Senna 21/08/1981 Senna cardiosperma Gawler Ranges 14/11/1998 ssp. gawlerensis Senna LILIACEAE Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed * 11/05/2004 Bulbine semibarbata Small Leek-lily 14/11/1998 Scented Mat- Lomandra effusa 26/04/1981 rush Mallee Fringe- Thysanotus baueri 14/11/1998 lily Winged Sea- LIMONIACEAE Limonium lobatum * 28/03/2004 lavender Notch-leaf Sea- Limonium sinuatum * 25/07/2014 lavender Leafless LOGANIACEAE Logania nuda 7/11/1979 Logania Amyema miraculosa LORANTHACEAE ssp. boormanii Fleshy Mistletoe 14/11/1998

Amyema quandang var. quandang Grey Mistletoe 1/01/2012 Lysiana exocarpi ssp. Harlequin 1/01/2012 exocarpi Mistletoe Hakea-leaf MALVACEAE Alyogyne hakeifolia 3/11/1936 Hibiscus Alyogyne huegelii Native Hibiscus 10/09/1964 Velvet-leaf Hibiscus krichauffianus 14/04/1983 Hibiscus

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Clustered Lawrencia glomerata 1/11/1986 Lawrencia Thorny Lawrencia squamata 11/05/2004 Lawrencia Small-flower Malva parviflora * 6/09/1969 Marshmallow Sida corrugata var. angustifolia Grassland Sida 14/04/1995 Sida fibulifera Pin Sida 14/11/1998 Sida intricata Twiggy Sida 14/11/1998 Sida petrophila Rock Sida 10/05/2004 Narrow-leaf MYOPORACEAE Eremophila alternifolia 10/05/2004 Emubush Eremophila behriana Rough Emubush 21/08/1981 Thick-leaf Eremophila crassifolia 7/11/1979 Emubush Eremophila deserti Turkey-bush 14/11/1998 Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra Tar Bush 6/10/1984 Eremophila latrobei Crimson 1/01/1950 ssp. glabra Emubush Weeping Eremophila longifolia 11/05/2004 Emubush Eremophila Opposite-leaved oppositifolia ssp. 25/07/2001 oppositifolia Emubush Eremophila scoparia Broom Emubush 25/11/2002 Eremophila Woolly 12/06/1975 subfloccosa ssp. lanata Emubush Myoporum montanum Native Myrtle 8/12/1997 Myoporum platycarpum False 11/05/2004 ssp. Sandalwood Myoporum platycarpum False 14/11/1998 ssp. platycarpum Sandalwood Gum-barked MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus intertexta 24/08/1935 Coolibah Eucalyptus oleosa ssp. ampliata Red Mallee 29/12/1970

Eucalyptus rugosa Coastal White Mallee Eucalyptus socialis ssp. Beaked Red 29/12/1970 viridans Mallee Eucalyptus sp. 25/11/2002 Wilhelm's Homoranthus wilhelmii 8/11/1960 Homoranthus Dryland Tea- Melaleuca lanceolata 29/12/1970 tree Melaleuca pauperiflora ssp. mutica Boree 9/10/1966 Ribbed Thryptomene micrantha 1/09/1944 Thryptomene

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia coccinea Tar-vine 15/02/2008 Two-bristle ORCHIDACEAE Pterostylis biseta 2/10/1996 Greenhood Two-bristle Pterostylis biseta (NC) 14/11/1998 Greenhood Orobanche cernua var. Australian OROBANCHACEAE R 6/07/2011 australiana Broomrape OXALIDACEAE Oxalis perennans (NC) Native Sorrel 14/11/1998 Billardiera cymosa ssp. Sweet Apple- PITTOSPORACEAE 7/11/1979 pseudocymosa berry Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot 25/07/2001 PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago drummondii Dark Plantain 1/11/1986 POLYGONACEAE Acetosa vesicaria Rosy Dock * 25/07/2014 Three-corner Emex australis * Declared 1/01/1996 Jack Dryland PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia eremaea 14/11/1998 Purslane Southern POSIDONIACEAE Posidonia australis 17/04/1999 Tapeweed PROTEACEAE Grevillea huegelii Comb Grevillea 2/07/1979 Bottlebrush Hakea francisiana 1/09/1955 Hakea RALFSIACEAE Ralfsia verrucosa 17/04/1999 Cryptandra sp. Pretty RHAMNACEAE Floriferous (W.R.Barker 11/06/2006 4131) Cryptandra Pomaderris paniculosa Mallee 5/07/1980 ssp. paniculosa Pomaderris Narrow-leaf Spyridium phylicoides 7/11/1979 Spyridium Trymalium wayi Grey Trymalium 10/09/1964 Coeloclonium RHODOMELACEAE tasmanicum 21/04/2004 Dictyomenia harveyana 15/05/1984 Diplocladia patersonis 25/07/1996 Herposiphonia versicolor 15/05/1984

Laurencia filiformis f. filiformis ? 17/04/1999 Laurencia majuscula 21/04/2004 Pollexfenia pedicellata 21/04/2004 Polysiphonia constricta 17/04/1999 Polysiphonia isogona 25/03/1998 Polysiphonia scopulorum 30/05/1994 RHODYMENIACEAE Botryocladia sonderi 21/04/2004 Gloiosaccion brownii 21/04/2004 RUBIACEAE Pomax umbellata Pomax 14/11/1998

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Boronia coerulescens RUTACEAE ssp. coerulescens Blue Boronia 26/08/1964 Geijera linearifolia Sheep Bush 21/08/1981 Silvery Phebalium bullatum 7/11/1979 Phebalium Narrow-leaf Philotheca linearis 5/07/1980 Wax-flower SALVINIACEAE Salvinia molesta * 24/10/1992 SANTALACEAE Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Cherry 10/05/2004 Santalum acuminatum Quandong 10/05/2004 Santalum spicatum Sandalwood V 14/11/1998 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. SAPINDACEAE canescens Bullock Bush 1/01/2012 Crinkled Hop- Dodonaea baueri 5/07/1980 bush Lobed-leaf Hop- Dodonaea lobulata 10/05/2004 bush Dodonaea viscosa ssp. Narrow-leaf 12/12/1997 angustissima Hop-bush SARGASSACEAE Sargassum paradoxum 17/04/1999 Australian SOLANACEAE Lycium australe 14/11/1998 Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn * Declared 1/01/1996 Small-flower Nicotiana goodspeedii 13/04/1995 Tobacco Solanum Silver-leaf * Declared 26/11/1990 elaeagnifolium Nightshade Velvet Potato- Solanum ellipticum 14/11/1998 bush Solanum esuriale Quena 8/09/1978 Rock Solanum petrophilum 14/11/1998 Nightshade Nightshade/Pota Solanum sp. 11/05/2004 to-bush Pink Velvet- STERCULIACEAE Lasiopetalum behrii 5/07/1980 bush THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea micrantha Silky Riceflower 14/11/1998 Pimelea microcephala Shrubby 14/11/1998 ssp. microcephala Riceflower Enteromorpha ULVACEAE paradoxa 17/04/1999 Ulva lactuca 17/04/1999 UMBELLIFERAE Daucus glochidiatus Native Carrot 14/11/1998 Foeniculum vulgare Fennel * 25/11/2002 VERBENACEAE Verbena aristigera Mayne's Pest * 26/11/1990 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bush 11/05/2004 Tribulus terrestris Caltrop * Declared 4/04/1981 Zygophyllum Scrambling 2/10/1996 angustifolium Twinleaf

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

WEED Max of FAMILYNAME SPECIES COMNAME Aus SA WEED STATUS SIGHTINGDA Zygophyllum apiculatum Pointed Twinleaf 28/08/1968 Zygophyllum confluens Forked Twinleaf 14/11/1998 Notched Zygophyllum crenatum 16/07/1968 Twinleaf Zygophyllum eremaeum 24/10/1992

Fauna

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Hardyheads, Silversides, ACTINOPTERI Atherinidae spp. 11/09/2004 Whitebait Favonigobius lateralis Southern Longfin Goby 11/09/2004 Pseudaphritis urvillii Congolli 11/09/2004 Pseudogobius olorum Swan River Goby 11/09/2004 Limnodynastes AMPHIBIA tasmaniensis Spotted Marsh Frog 9/09/2005 Neobatrachus sudelli Sudell's Frog 3/03/1995 Acanthagenys AVES rufogularis Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater 2/08/2006 Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill 4/05/2006 Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped Thornbill 7/10/2001 Acanthiza iredalei Slender-billed Thornbill R 11/01/2003 iredalei (western ssp) Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill 2/08/2006 Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 4/10/1998 Acrocephalus australis Australian Reed Warbler 10/01/2003 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper R 10/01/2003 Amytornis textilis Western Grasswren 2/08/2006 Amytornis textilis (NC) Thick-billed Grasswren ssp 11/01/2003 Anas castanea Chestnut Teal 27/03/2000 Anas gracilis Grey Teal 26/04/2006 Anas platyrhynchos Mallard (Northern Mallard) * 26/04/2006 Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck 26/04/2006 Anthochaera carunculata Red Wattlebird 2/08/2006 Anthus australis Australian Pipit 2/08/2006 Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface 22/09/2000 Pacific Swift (Fork-tailed Apus pacificus 28/03/1996 Swift) Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle 29/08/1998 Ardea intermedia Intermediate Egret R 25/11/2001 Ardeotis australis Australian Bustard V 26/03/2005 Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone R 13/02/1983

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Artamus cyanopterus Dusky Woodswallow 9/04/1993 Artamus personatus Masked Woodswallow 29/11/1998 Artamus superciliosus White-browed Woodswallow 14/01/1999 Aythya australis Hardhead 10/01/2003 Barnardius zonarius Australian Ringneck 7/10/2001 Biziura lobata Musk Duck R 25/12/2000 Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo 7/10/2001 Cacomantis pallidus Pallid Cuckoo 2/08/2006 Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper 26/01/2000 Calidris canutus Red Knot EN 7/02/1985 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper CR 26/01/2000 Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint 11/03/2002 Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot CR R 13/02/1983 Chalcites basalis Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo 2/08/2006 Chalcites osculans Black-eared Cuckoo 4/09/2000 Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand Plover VU R 4/02/1984 Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand Plover EN R 17/02/1973 Charadrius ruficapillus Red-capped Plover 11/03/2002 Maned (Australian Wood Chenonetta jubata 11/01/2001 Duck) Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern 26/01/2000 Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Silver Gull 26/04/2006 Cincloramphus cruralis Brown Songlark 2/08/2006 Cincloramphus mathewsi Rufous Songlark 28/09/2005 Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Banded Stilt V 26/04/2006 Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush 24/09/1999 Columba livia Feral Pigeon [Rock Dove] * 10/01/2003 Coracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike 2/08/2006 Corvus bennetti Little Crow 2/08/2006 Corvus coronoides Australian Raven 4/06/2004 Corvus mellori Little Raven 2/08/2006 Corvus sp. 27/03/2000 Cracticus torquatus Grey Butcherbird 2/08/2006 Cygnus atratus Black Swan 26/04/2006 Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird 7/10/2001 Dromaius novaehollandiae Emu 23/07/2015 Egretta garzetta Little Egret R 26/01/2000 Egretta novaehollandiae White-faced Heron 11/03/2002

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Pacific Reef Heron (Eastern Egretta sacra R 27/08/2000 Reef Egret) Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite 26/04/2006 Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel 10/01/2003 Eolophus roseicapilla Galah 4/05/2006 Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat 10/01/2003 Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel 16/04/2004 Eurostopodus argus Spotted Nightjar 27/08/1978 Falco berigora Brown Falcon 4/09/2000 Falco cenchroides Nankeen Kestrel 16/04/2004 Falco longipennis Australian Hobby 11/01/2001 Fulica atra Eurasian Coot 26/04/2006 Gallinula tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen 10/01/2003 Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail 20/12/1998 Gavicalis virescens Singing Honeyeater 2/08/2006 Glossopsitta porphyrocephala Purple-crowned Lorikeet 27/03/2000 Grallina cyanoleuca Magpielark 26/04/2006 Gymnorhina tibicen Australian Magpie 26/04/2006 Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher R 11/03/2002 Haematopus (Australian) Pied R 9/11/2000 longirostris Oystercatcher Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle E 26/01/2000 Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite 9/04/1993 Himantopus leucocephalus White-headed Stilt 26/04/2006 Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow 26/04/2006 Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern 27/12/2000 Lalage tricolor White-winged Triller 3/09/1999 Larus pacificus Pacific Gull 11/03/2002 Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl VU V 18/06/1999 Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit ssp R 4/06/2004 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit R 20/11/1982 Malacorhynchus membranaceus Pink-eared Duck 10/01/2003 Malurus lamberti Variegated Fairy-wren 2/08/2006 Malurus leucopterus White-winged Fairy-wren 2/08/2006 Malurus splendens Splendid Fairy-wren 2/08/2006 Manorina flavigula Yellow-throated Miner 2/08/2006 Megalurus gramineus Little Grassbird 10/01/2003 Melopsittacus undulatus Budgerigar 4/09/2000 Microcarbo melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant 10/01/2003 Milvus migrans Black Kite 7/10/2001 Morus serrator Australasian Gannet 26/08/2000

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Northiella haematogaster Bluebonnet ssp 6/09/1996 Northiella haematogaster Yellow-vented Bluebonnet 6/09/1996 haematogaster (NC) Numenius madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew CR V 25/12/2000 Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel R 2/01/1973 Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon 2/08/2006 Oreoica gutturalis Crested Bellbird 2/08/2006 Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler 2/08/2006 Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote 4/10/1998 Passer domesticus House Sparrow * 26/04/2006 Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican 16/04/2004 Peltohyas australis Inland Dotterel 1/01/1900 Petrochelidon ariel Fairy Martin 10/01/2003 Petrochelidon nigricans Tree Martin 11/01/2001 Petroica goodenovii Red-capped Robin 11/11/2000 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant 7/10/2001 Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant 10/01/2003 Phalacrocorax varius [Australian] Pied Cormorant 11/03/2002 Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope 17/02/1973 Phaps chalcoptera Common Bronzewing 7/10/2001 Philomachus pugnax Ruff R 21/02/1981 Phylidonyris novaehollandiae New Holland Honeyeater 26/04/2006 Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover 26/01/2000 Poliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed Grebe 16/04/2004 Pomatostomus superciliosus White-browed Babbler 2/08/2006 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen 9/11/2000 Australian Crake (Australian Porzana fluminea 25/12/2000 Spotted Crake) Porzana pusilla Baillon's Crake 11/01/2001 Porzana tabuensis Spotless Crake R 29/08/1999 Psephotus haematonotus Red-rumped Parrot 13/04/1996 Psephotus varius Mulga Parrot 24/09/1999 Purnella albifrons White-fronted Honeyeater 2/08/2006 Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Red-necked Avocet 16/04/2004 Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail 25/08/2000 Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail 2/08/2006 Spilopelia chinensis Spotted Dove * 23/09/1999 Sterna hirundo Common Tern R 26/01/2000 Stictonetta naevosa Freckled Duck V 10/01/2003

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling * 26/04/2006 Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian Grebe 10/01/2003 Taeniopygia guttata Zebra Finch 15/10/1984 Thalasseus bergii Greater Crested Tern 11/03/2002 Tribonyx ventralis Black-tailed Native-hen 26/04/2006 Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank 4/06/2004 Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper 26/01/2000 Turdus merula Common Blackbird * 25/12/2000 Turnix velox Little Buttonquail 15/10/1979 Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing 26/04/2006 Zosterops lateralis Silvereye 25/12/2000 Long-nosed Fur Seal (New MAMMALIA Arctocephalus forsteri 16/11/1992 Zealand Fur Seal) Austronomus australis White-striped Free-tailed Bat 29/07/1975 Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's Wattled Bat 16/08/1974 Short-beaked Common Delphinus delphis 4/06/2006 Dolphin Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo 23/07/2015 Macropus robustus Euro 23/07/2015 Macropus rufus Red Kangaroo 23/07/2015 Mus musculus House Mouse * 12/04/1995 Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat 1/04/2000 Pseudomys bolami Bolam's Mouse 1/10/1995 Black Rat (Ship Rat, Roof Rattus rattus * 1/07/1979 Rat) Sminthopsis crassicaudata Fat-tailed Dunnart 22/09/1995 Sminthopsis dolichura Little Long-tailed Dunnart 2/10/1995 Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Tursiops aduncus 31/07/2007 Dolphin REPTILIA Anilios bituberculatus Rough-nosed Blind Snake 30/09/1995 Ctenophorus cristatus Crested Dragon 2/04/1979 Ctenophorus fionni Peninsula Dragon 7/04/1983 Ctenophorus pictus Painted Dragon 28/09/1990 Ctenotus orientalis Spotted Ctenotus 1/04/2000 Ctenotus regius Eastern Desert Ctenotus 14/04/1995 Ctenotus schomburgkii Sandplain Ctenotus 10/04/1995 Demansia reticulata Desert Whipsnake 11/04/1995 Diplodactylus furcosus Ranges Stone Gecko 29/09/1995 Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's Gecko 13/04/1995 Lerista dorsalis Southern Four-toed Slider 28/09/1995 Lerista edwardsae Myall Slider 12/04/1995 Lerista terdigitata Southern Three-toed Slider 29/09/1995 Lerista timida Dwarf Three-toed Slider 13/04/1995

Whyalla Flora and Fauna Assessment Baseline Ecological Report

Max of CLASSNAME SPECIES COMNAME AUS SA Exotic SIGHTINGDA Menetia greyii Dwarf Skink 13/04/1995 Moloch horridus Thorny Devil 22/10/2001 Morethia boulengeri Common Snake-eye 12/04/1995 Parasuta spectabilis Mallee Black-headed Snake 3/11/1980 Pogona vitticeps Central Bearded Dragon 1/01/1950 Pseudonaja affinis Dugite 1/01/1950 Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha Patch-nosed Brown Snake 1/03/1981 Pseudonaja mengdeni Gwardar 1/11/1983 Simoselaps bertholdi Desert Banded Snake 14/04/1995 Strophurus intermedius Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko 30/09/1995 Suta suta Curl Snake 1/01/1950 Tympanocryptis lineata Five-lined Earless Dragon 31/03/1979 Varanus gouldii Sand Goanna 1/01/1950

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